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Globális és regionális változások, szélsőséges jelenségek a Föld-rendszer vízkörforgalmában
Global and regional changes, extremes in the Earth System’s water cycle
References 1 Bengtsson, L. (2010) The global atmospheric water cycle. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 5. No. 2. 025202
Abstract
Three watersheds were studied by sampling bulk precipitation deposition, seepage water at 50 cm soil depth and spring water. As the main analytical method for determination of trace elements and heavy metals in water samples, thek
0-based method of INAA was used. The results showed an increased content and concentration range of trace elements in precipitation, soil water and spring water in the vicinity of the 
o
tanj Thermal Power Plant. We demonstrated that thek
0-based method of INAA as a multielement nondestructive technique is a highly suitable approach to determining some toxic trace elements in environmental studies of the water cycle.
. Climatology of the terrestrial seasonal water cycle, Journal of Climatology , Vol 5, 1985, pp. 589–606. Mintz Y. Climatology of the terrestrial seasonal water cycle
A Duna–Tisza közi hátságban az elmúlt évtizedekben jelentős változások zajlottak le a terület hidrológiai viszonyaiban történt változások miatt. A hátság egyik legérzékenyebb természeti képződményei a szikes tavak. Ezek állandóságához nem csupán megfelelő vízellátottság, de megfelelő mennyiségű és minőségű oldható só is szükséges. A hátságban zajló regionális és lokális vízforgalom tér- és időbeli koncepcionális modellje alapján, a Szappanostó példáján számszerűen jellemeztük az elmúlt 31 év folyamán a talajok sótartalom-változását. Ehhez négy, 1983-ban már vizsgált mintapontban a talajvíz szintjét, összetételét és a talajt is elemeztük — lehetőség szerint ugyanolyan módszerrel.
A területen a talajvízszint süllyedt és a felszíni vízborítás jelentősen csökkent, valamint csökkent a talajvíz sótartalma, lúgossága és nátriumtartalma. A talaj felszínközeli rétegeiben csökkent a sótartalom, a pH és a nátriumtartalom.
A CaCO3-tartalom mélységi lefutási görbéi átrendeződtek, ebben a kilúgzás mellett a tómederben és a partján működő ráhordás/lehordás is jelentős szerepet játszhatott.
A tómedret teljesen benőtték a növények, az 1983-ban jellemző sókedvelő, nagy sótartalmat is tűrő növényekhez képest 2014-re a kis talajsótartalmat kedvelő növé-nyek terjedtek el, teljesen beborítva a felszínt. Megnövekedett a talaj humusztartal-ma és kiterjedt a füvek kaszálása.
The high degree of climate variability is one of the highest risk factors of production, which has to be taken into consideration at all times even within the framework of modern agriculture.One of the most important opportunities of adapting to changing climatic conditions is the evaluation of plant types and genotypes according to fertility and genotypes.The effect of year on the yield of maize was examined through using a twenty-two year yield sequence. Weather was changeable in the examined period, therefore the effect of fertilisation was very different as well. The relationship between the quantity of precipitation in the winter period and growing season and the unfertilised treatments can be easily detected. The quantitative relationship between the two variables is average, because beside the total quantity of the precipitation the periodical distribution is also a significant factor that influences yield. Significantly small yield is not always accompanied by the lowest amount of precipitation (1994, 1995). Larger yields however, were always accompanied by higher precipitation (1998, 1999, 2001, 2004). It can be well detected that with similar precipitation quantities, different amounts of yields will form due to the periodical distribution of changing precipitation. The accessible spring water resource is decisively influenced by the winter period. Based on the evaluation of our research results we have found that the specific years showed a close correlation with fertilisation. In droughty years or in years with lower or average precipitation, the application of higher fertiliser dosages was more favourable, but only the application of 60 kg N/ha fertiliser dosage is required at most in consecutive dry years. A higher fertiliser dosage (1995) increases the risk of maize production, decreasing the risk associated, thus reducing the efficiency of maize production. In case of favourable water supply — based on experiment results — the application of 120 kg N/ha fertiliser dosage is justified. According to the results of variance analysis, the examined fertiliser effect is significant when jointly examining the twenty-two years. The effect of water supply was different, depending on the degree of water supply, when evaluating the specific years separately.The yield level of maize hybrids is 10 t/ha in years with favourable water cycles, while in droughty years the harvestable yield was 2–3 t/ha. Yield fluctuation can be reduced through appropriate soil cultivation, water and nutrient supply.
—Soil System at River Basin Scale: Diffuse Pollution and Point Sources . BRGM — Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Mines, Water Cycle and Soil-related Aspects EU-Workshop, Orléans, pp. 437 – 445
Asada, K. (1999): The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygen and dissipation of excess photons. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. , 50 , 601–639. Asada K
Asada, K. (1999): The water-water cycle in chloroplast: Scavenging of active oxygen and dissipation of excess photons. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. , 50 , 601–639. Asada K
–311. Hagyó , A. et al., 2007. Water cycle of different wheat genotypes under different water stresses. Cereal Res. Commun. 35. 437–440. Hárshegyi , Zs . et al., 2008. Modelling with kinetic equations of
