Author:
János Kállai
janos.kallai@aok.pte.hu
János Kállai
Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Magatartástudományi Intézet
Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Bölcsészettudományi Kar, Pszichológiai Intézet, Személyiség- és Egészségpszichológia Tanszék
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Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Bölcsészettudományi Kar, Pszichológiai Intézet, Személyiség- és Egészségpszichológia Tanszék
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A virtuális valóságban (VR) végzett gyógyászati és oktatási tevékenység iránt megnövekedett érdeklődés szükségessé teszi a VR-re vonatkozó pszichológiai értelmezési keretek egy csoportjának bemutatását. Az összefoglalóban – szakirodalmi ismeretekre hagyatkozva – a belemerülés (immersion), valamint a jelenlét (presence) fogalmak rövid bemutatását követően a virtuális valóság mentális modelljei közül elsősorban a téri reprezentációra vonatkozó komponenseket fogom bemutatni. Az áttekintés a VR-ben megjelenő multiszenzoros koherencia, tudatos jelenlét, kapcsolat és leválás, átmeneti jelenlét és a különböző affordanciák szerepének ismertetésére koncentrál. Az alkalmazások fejezetrészben pedig néhány, az egészségügyben és az oktatásügyben alkalmazott, és várhatóan az eddigi gyakorlathoz viszonyítva szélesebb körben hazánkban is alkalmazandó VR-alapú eljárások ismertetésére kerül sor. A digitális oktatás és a pszichoterápiás ellátás iránti érdeklődés ellentmondásos. Sokan a klienssel vagy a tanulóval való személyes kapcsolat elvesztésének fenyegető veszélyétől féltik az orvosokat és a pedagógusokat. A betegek és a diákok részéről azonban egyre sürgetőbb az igény a VR-hez kötődő módszerek bevezetésére. A bemutatott összefoglaló tovább erősíti az új digitális eszközök alkalmazásával kapcsolatos igényeket, de ugyanakkor felhívja a figyelmet, hogy szükség van olyan technikai és szaktudományi infrastruktúra megteremtésére, amely kritikus elemzést követően képes elősegíteni a jelenlegi, konfliktusokkal terhes ellátási és oktatási formák fejlődését. Az új VR-módszerek bevezetése a tudomány és a gyakorlat közös feladata.
The increased interest in health care- and educational activities carried out in virtual reality (VR) brought about the need to discuss certain psychological frameworks of interpretation concerning VR. My summary relies on special literature and partly on our own research work. It aims to define special terms such as immersion and presence that concentrates on presenting those mental models of VR, which comprise components of spatial representation. The overview introduces the concept of multisensory coherence, conscious being there, attachment to and detachment from the digital world, and different forms of affordances. In the Application chapter I primarily present a few of those VR-based processes that may be more widely applied in the future in health care and education in Hungary as well. The interest in digital education and health service has its own contradictions. There are fears that the personal contact between medical practitioners and clients or teachers and students will be lost. On the other hand, there is an increasing demand for the introduction of new methodologies, thus dialogues are inevitable. The more reliable and efficient application of the new processes may bear considerable mental and financial changes. I hope that my presentation will widen the demands concerning the application of digital technologies, and will draw attention on the need to establish technological and disciplinal infrastructure, which, after critical analysis, is able to alter certain – now contradictional – educational and health care processes. Introducing new VR methodologies should be a joint venture of research and practice.
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