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Eszter Hámori
hamori.eszter@btk.ppke.hu
Eszter Hámori
PPKE BTK Pszichológiai Intézet, Fejlődés- és Klinikai Gyermeklélektan Tanszék
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Réka Barbara Simon
Réka Barbara Simon
PPKE BTK Pszichológiai Intézet, Fejlődés- és Klinikai Gyermeklélektan Tanszék
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Lilla Viktória Márkus
Lilla Viktória Márkus
PPKE BTK Pszichológiai Intézet, Fejlődés- és Klinikai Gyermeklélektan Tanszék
Lóczy Alapítvány a Gyermekekért
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Lóczy Alapítvány a Gyermekekért
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Flóra Farkas
Flóra Farkas
PPKE BTK Pszichológiai Intézet, Fejlődés- és Klinikai Gyermeklélektan Tanszék
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Háttér és célkitűzések:
A fapofa-paradigma (Tronick, Als, Adamson, Wise és Brazelton 1978) szokatlan megszakításos helyzetet teremt az anya-csecsemő interakcióban, így az egyik leggyakrabban alkalmazott eljárás az egyéni és a diádikus társas és stressz-szabályozási minták vizsgálatában csecsemőkorban. A kódrendszerek sokfélesége miatt azonban ellentmondásosak az eredmények a mintázatok azonosításában. Jelen tanulmányban egyik célunk egy olyan globális kódrendszer kialakítása volt, amellyel külön vizsgálhatjuk a társas viselkedés és az érzelemkifejezés szerepét a regulációs mintázatok formálódásában. Másik célunk a fapofa- és a regulációs szakaszokra jellemző társasviselkedés-mintázatok keresése és a két szakasz közötti változásuk vizsgálata volt.
Módszer:
101 3–6 hónapos, tipikusan fejlődő csecsemő-anya párral vettük fel a fapofa-paradigmát. A csecsemők érzelmi állapotát, társas viselkedését és stressz-szintjének alakulását a jelen kutatásra kidolgozott Érzelmi és Társas Szabályozási Mintázatok Globális Kódrendszerével értékeltük a fapofa- és a regulációs szakaszokban.
Eredmények:
Az érzelmi dimenzió mintázatai egyértelműen mutatták a klasszikus fapofa-hatást a mintában. A társas dimenzióban négy fő mintázatot defi niáltunk: anyára pozitív, anyára negatív, anyára vegyes és minimalizáló. A fapofa-szakasz domináns társas mintázatai eltérően jósolták be a regulációs szakasz társas mintázatait. A társas viselkedés két szakasz közötti változásában a stressz-szinttel való összefüggésük mentén adaptív, rizikós és többesélyes mintázatokat azonosítottunk. Klaszterelemzéssel egy Nyugodt és egy Nyűgös csoport különült el, amiben az érzelmi dimenzió differenciáló szerepe emelkedett ki a társas dimenzióval szemben.
Következtetések:
Eredményeink alátámasztják, hogy már 3 hónapos kortól jelen lehetnek a stressz szabályozására specifi kus, egyéni regulációs mintázatok. Kódrendszerünk a globális dimenziók alkalmazásának fontosságára hívja fel a fi gyelmet, amely informálhat az összetett érzelmi, valamint a társasviselkedés-mintázatok és a stresszreguláció kölcsönkapcsolatáról, és így hozzájárulhat azok adaptív vagy maladaptív jellegének felméréséhez.
Background and aims:
The Face-to-Face-Still-Face Paradigm (FFSF, Tronick et al, 1978) artifi cially generates an unusual perturbation in the infant-mother interaction and as such has become a widely used procedure in the investigation of individual and dyadic social and stress regulation in infancy. The various coding systems, however, have brought about controversial results in the identifi cations of regulatory patterns. One of our aims was to develop a global coding system, by means of which the role of the social and emotional regulatory behaviors in the formations of organized regulatory patterns could be evaluated separately. Our second aim was to search for social behavior patterns exhibitive of the Still Face and Regulatory episodes as well as to examine their changes from one episode to to other.
Method:
The FFSF paradigm was administered to 101 typically developing 3-6 months-old infant-mother dyads. The emotional state, the social behavior and the changes in the stress level of the infant were evaluated in two episodes of the FFSFP by the Global Coding System of Emotional and Social Regulatory Patterns that has been developed for the purpose of this study.
Results:
The classical Still-Face effect has been clearly demonstrated by the results of the emotional state dimension. Beyond this, we identifi ed four social regulatory patterns: positive-to-mother, negative-to-mother, ambivalent-to-mother and minimization. The dominant social patterns in the Still-Face episode predicted variously those in the Reunion episode. Different patterns of the interrelations of the changes in social strategies and the stress level in the Reunion episode could be identifi ed as adaptive, risk and multi chance patterns. Two groups of infants have been separated by the cluster analysis, the calm and the fussy groups. Emotional dimension, as contrast to social dimension, has emerged as signifi cant clustering predictor. Conclusion: Our results support the hypotheses that individual stress regulatory patterns can be present from as early as three months of infant age. Our coding system draws attention to the importance of global behavioral coding dimensions that can inform us about the interconnection between the complex emotional and social behavior patterns and the stress regulation and thus can contribute to the exploration of their adaptive versus maladaptive nature.
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