Abstract
Date-locality-host records for 37 mite species of 15 families are presented for Hungary and Austria. These results include the first record of eight species for Hungary, viz. Charletonia krendowskyi (Feider, 1954), Marantelophus rudaensis (Haitlinger, 1986), Cunaxa gazella (Berlese, 1916), Eupalopsellus oelandicus Sellnick, 1949, Tydeus lindquisti (Marshall, 1970), Neoseiulus dungeri (Karg, 1977), Neoseiulus tauricus (Livshitz et Kuznetzov, 1972) and Proctolaelaps drosophilae Karg, Baker et Jenkinson, 1995. Observations on habitat preferences, plant associations, co-occurrences and feeding behaviour are also provided.
Introduction
A few families of mesostigmatid mites (Acari: Parasitiformes) and considerably numerous families of prostigmatid mites (Acari: Acariformes) inhabit the foliage of plants. These mesostigmatids and prostigmatids are either predators, herbivores, fungivores or scavengers (Walter and Proctor, 1999). Over the past few decades several acarological papers have been devoted to the study of mite fauna of Hungary (Fain and Ripka, 1998a, 1998b; Gabryś and Mąkol, 1991, 1996; Haitlinger, 2007; Ripka and Szabó, 2010, 2011; Ripka et al., 2002, 2005, 2013, 2020a, 2020b, 2022; Szabó and Németh, 2007; Szabó et al., 2009, 2010, 2013a, 2013b; Tempfli et al., 2012, 2014, 2015; Ueckermann and Ripka, 2016). The hyporder Parasitengona is one of the most diverse groups of the order Trombidiformes, comprising about 15 superfamilies (Zhang, 2010; Zhang et al., 2011). The faunistic knowledge on the three superfamilies of terrestrial Parasitengona (Acari: Prostigmata: Calyptostomatoidea, Erythraeoidea, Trombidioidea) present in Hungary is mainly confined to some nature reserves of Hungary. Representatives of terrestrial Parasitengona are distinctly rare on arboreal plants. The majority of the previous records include data from herbaceous plants. From the terrestrial habitats of Bátorliget Nature Reserve, Gabryś and Mąkol (1991) reported 42 species belonging to six families (Calyptostomatidae, Smarididae, Erythraeidae, Trombellidae, Trombiculidae and Trombidiidae). As a result of a survey in the Bükk National Park, 44 taxa of seven families (Calyptostomatidae, Smarididae, Erythraeidae, Johnstonianidae, Microtrombidiidae, Trombiculidae and Trombidiidae) were reported (Gabryś and Mąkol, 1996). On the foliage of 12 ligneous plant species, Allothrombium pulvinum Ewing (Trombidiidae), while on the foliage of three ornamental tree species, Charletonia singularis (Oudemans) (Erythraeidae) were found in urban habitats (Ripka et al., 2002). A species of the genus Hauptmannia Oudemans (Erythraeidae) ectoparasitic on thrips was collected from green pepper plantation (Ripka et al., 2005). From herbaceous plants, Haitlinger (2007) reported seven erythraeid, two trombidiid and one tanaupodid species collected in different counties of Hungary. One new erythraeid species, Erythraeus budapestensis Fain et Ripka, and two new trombidiid species, Podothrombium exiguum Fain et Ripka and Podothrombium pannonicum Fain et Ripka were described from ornamental tree and shrub species in urban habitats of Budapest (Fain and Ripka, 1998a, 1998b). Larval stage of all three mentioned species was collected from different aphid hosts (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea). From herbaceous plants, two erythraeids, Erythraeus budapestensis and Leptus clethrionomydis Haitlinger were already reported (Ripka and Szabó, 2010). Mites of the family Erythraeidae are generally predators at postlarval stages, feeding upon various arthropods. However larvae of most erythraeids are ectoparasites of different arthropods including soft bodied insects, e.g. aphids, bugs, flies, grasshoppers, etc.
Contrary to the tydeoid, cheyletid and cunaxid mites, the knowledge on plant-inhabiting eupalopsellid mites is scanty.
The members of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) are the most frequent predatory mites living on plants. Out of the 2557 known valid phytoseiid species worldwide (Moraes et al., 2004; Demite et al., 2021), hitherto 76 species have been recorded from Hungary (Ripka, 2006; Szabó et al., 2013a; Demite et al., 2021). The genus Neoseiulus is one of the largest genera, and represented by twenty three species in the Hungarian fauna, viz. Neoseiulus agrestis (Karg), N. alustoni (Livshitz et Kuznetzov), N. amicus (Chant), N. astutus (Beglyarov), N. alpinus (Schweizer), N. bellinus (Womersley), N. bicaudus (Wainstein), N. brevispinus (Kennett), N. callunae (Willmann), N. californicus (McGregor), N. cucumeris (Oudemans), N. herbarius (Wainstein), N. huron (Chant et Hansell), N. marginatus (Wainstein), N. marinus (Willmann), N. phragmitidis (Bozai), N. populi (Bozai), N. reductus (Wainstein), N. salicicola (Bozai), N. setulus (Fox), N. umbraticus (Chant), N. versutus (Beglyarov) and N. zwoelferi (Dosse) (Ripka, 2006; Szabó et al., 2013a).
In Hungary a total of 12 phytoseiid species have been documented from Rubus spp., namely Amblyseius andersoni (Chant), Anthoseius occiduus Karg, A. rhenanus (Oudemans), Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans), Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans), Neoseiulus alpinus (Schweizer), Neoseiulus reductus (Wainstein), Phytoseius echinus Wainstein et Arutunjan, P. juvenis Wainstein et Arutunjan, P. macropilis (Banks), Typhlodromus commenticius Livshitz et Kuznetzov and T. pyri Scheuten. Out of these, P. juvenis was reported with the highest population density from Rubus spp. (Ripka et al., 2020a).
The aim of this study is to present new data to the mite diversity of vascular plants. This article is the continuation of the faunistic studies of the authors and the latest part of a large project focusing on the mite community of plants.
Material and methods
Samples of different plant species living in different habitats were collected in plastic bags during the growing season in 2000–2021. All Rubus samples were collected by G. Király. Plant material (upper and lower surfaces of the leaves, petioles, shoots, buds, bark, flowers, galls, etc.) was examined under a dissection binocular microscope (Zeiss Stemi 2000-C).
Using a fine minuten pin, mite specimens found on the plants were put directly into lactic acid. After clearing the specimens in lactic acid (for 2–4 weeks at room temperature to obtain the desired extent of clearing), they were mounted on microscope slides in Keifer's F-medium (Keifer, 1975). The slide preparations were dried (for 4–6 weeks) at room temperature, then sealed with commercial nail varnish (Upton, 1991). Specimens were examined with a phase-contrast compound microscope (Nikon Eclipse E600). For acarid mite determination, the keys of Fain (1982) and Zhang (2003) were used. The concepts of the taxonomy and species identification of mesostigmatid mites were based mainly on Karg's key (1993) and partially on keys of Chant and Yoshida-Shaul (1987) and Mašán (2022). For geographical distribution of the mites the world catalogue databases of Beron (2008, 2017, 2020, 2021) and Demite et al. (2021) were followed.
The phytoseiid and melicharid mites; the cunaxid, eupalopsellid and tydeoid mites; the tenuipalpid and oribatid mites; and the eriophyoid, cheyletid, acarid and winterschmidtiid mites were identified by Á. Szabó, A. Kaźmierski, J. Kontschán, and G. Ripka, respectively.
Nomenclature of host plants was used in accordance with Király (2009), excluding Rubus that generally follows Kurtto et al. (2010), and, for some recently described species, Trávníček et al. (2018) and Sochor et al. (2019).
Results
The current study presents recent findings of mites collected from vascular plants (e.g. ornamental trees and shrubs, and herbs of streets, squares, parks, botanical gardens, private gardens, forests, fields and green-belt in cities), and at the same time follows a series of publications on the eriophyoid mites of Hungary and Austria, too. For each taxa listed collecting data (i.e. host plant species, locality and date) and whenever useful, extensive faunistic information was given (for detailed records of localities see Table 1). In this research altogether 16 parasitiform mite species from two families and 21 acariform mite species belonging to 13 families have been reported. The data presented extend our knowledge on microhabitat preferences and distribution areas of mite species, and reveals a degree of similarity of Hungarian mite fauna to the fauna of different parts of Europe.
Records of mite species investigated in the paper (*= new species for the Hungarian fauna, ♦ = new host species)
| Acari: Mesostigmata | |||
| fam. Phytoseiidae | |||
| Mite species | Host plant taxon | Locality | Date of sampling |
| Amblyseius andersoni (Chant, 1957) | |||
| Phyllostachys viridi-glaucescens | Józsefváros, Budapest VIII (Hungary) | 23 August 2011 | |
| Rubus angustipaniculatus | St Jakob in Rosental (Austria, Carinthia) | 14 July 2020 | |
| Rubus vatavensis | Engelhartszell (Austria, Upper Austria) | 6 July 2020 | |
| Verbena officinalis | Törökvész, Budapest II (Hungary) | 24 August 2014 | |
| Anthoseius occiduus Karg, 1990 | |||
| Agrimonia eupatoria | Pesthidegkút, Budapest II (Hungary) | 27 June 2014 | |
| Anthoseius rhenanus (Oudemans, 1905) | |||
| Petrorhagia prolifera | Soroksár, Budapest XXIII (Hungary) | 22 June 2014 | |
| Rubus aff. Seebergensis | Nagylózs (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County) | 12 June 2020 | |
| Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans, 1915) | |||
| Laburnum × watereri | Szentimreváros, Budapest XI (Hungary) | 25 May 2017 | |
| ×Mahoberberis neubertii | Szentimreváros, Budapest XI (Hungary) | 25 May 2017 | |
| Verbena officinalis | Törökvész, Budapest II (Hungary) | 24 August 2014 | |
| Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot, 1960) | |||
| Lycium barbarum | Budafok, Budapest XXII (Hungary) | 15 July 2014 | |
| Neoseiulella tiliarum (Oudemans, 1930) | |||
| Cornus sp. | Szentimreváros, Budapest XI (Hungary) | 28 July 2017 | |
| Rhamnus catharticus | Pesthidegkút, Budapest II (Hungary) | 31 May 2014 | |
| Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans, 1930) | |||
| Linaria genistifolia | Soroksár, Budapest XXIII (Hungary) | 16 June 2014 | |
| Petrorhagia prolifera | Soroksár, Budapest XXIII (Hungary) | 22 June 2014 | |
| *Neoseiulus dungeri (Karg, 1977) | |||
| Salvia nemorosa | Vászoly (Hungary, Veszprém County) | 10 August 2014 | |
| Neoseiulus marginatus (Wainstein, 1961) | |||
| Verbena officinalis | Alsó-Rákoshegy, Budapest XVII (Hungary) | 2 July 2014 | |
| *Neoseiulus tauricus (Livshitz et Kuznetzov, 1972) | |||
| Salvia nemorosa | Vászoly (Hungary, Veszprém county) | 10 August 2014 | |
| Paraseiulus triporus (Chant et Yoshida-Shaul, 1982) | |||
| Verbena officinalis | Törökvész, Budapest II (Hungary) | 24 August 2014 | |
| Phytoseius juvenis Wainstein et Arutunjan, 1970 | |||
| Rubus angustipaniculatus | St Jakob in Rosental (Austria, Carinthia) | 14 July 2020 | |
| Rubus bifrons | Nagylózs (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County) | 12 June 2020 | |
| Rubus ser. Radula | Aschach a.d. Donau (Austria, Upper Austria) | 7 July 2020 | |
| Rubus rudis | Otterskirchen, 0.4 km E of Besensandbach (Germany, Bavaria) | 8 July 2020 | |
| Rubus vatavensis | Engelhartszell (Austria, Upper Austria) | 6 July 2020 | |
| Rubus vatavensis | Hofkirchen im Mühlkreis (Austria, Upper Austria) | 7 July 2020 | |
| Typhloseiulus peculiaris (Kolodochka, 1980) | |||
| Quercus cerris | Mátrafüred (Hungary, Heves County) | 14 September 2015 | |
| Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten, 1857 | |||
| Viburnum lantana | Ezüst-hegy, Pilisborosjenő (Hungary, Pest County) | 30 June 2015 | |
| Typhlodromus tiliae Oudemans, 1929 | |||
| Salix alba | Óbuda, Budapest III (Hungary) | 17 June 2014 | |
| fam. Melicharidae | |||
| *Proctolaelaps drosophilae Karg, Baker et Jenkinson, 1995 | |||
| Beta vulgaris | Debrecen-Dózsa (Hungary, Hajdú-Bihar County) | 2 September 2021 | |
| Acari: Prostigmata | |||
| fam. Trombidiidae | |||
| Allothrombium fuliginosum (Hermann, 1804) | |||
| Agrimonia eupatoria | Mesteri (Hungary, Vas County) | 13 July 2013 | |
| Allothrombium pulvinum Ewing, 1917 | |||
| Quercus robur | Telki (Hungary, Pest County) | 9 April 2000 | |
| fam. Erythraeidae | |||
| Abrolophus quisquiliarus (Hermann, 1804) | |||
| Agrimonia eupatoria | Mesteri (Hungary, Vas County) | 18 July 2013 | |
| Balaustium sp. | |||
| Verbena officinalis | Alsó-Rákoshegy, Budapest XVII (Hungary) | 2 July 2014 | |
| *Charletonia krendowskyi (Feider, 1954) | |||
| Quercus cerris | Zánka (Hungary, Veszprém County) | 15 May 2009 | |
| *Marantelophus rudaensis (Haitlinger, 1986) | |||
| Agrimonia eupatoria | Pesthidegkút, Budapest II (Hungary) | 27 June 2014 | |
| fam. Cunaxidae | |||
| *Cunaxa gazella (Berlese, 1916) | |||
| Rubus caesius | Sopronkövesd (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County) | 14 July 2019 | |
| fam. Cheyletidae | |||
| Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini et Fanzago, 1876) | |||
| Cupressus sempervirens | Törökvész, Budapest II (Hungary) | 24 June 2019 | |
| fam. Eupalopsellidae | |||
| *Eupalopsellus oelandicus Sellnick, 1949 | |||
| F | Bassia prostrata | Érd, Százhalombatta (Hungary, Pest County) | 12 June 2021 |
| fam. Stigmaeidae | |||
| Zetzellia mali (Ewing, 1917) | |||
| Carya cordiformis | Szarvas (Hungary, Békés County) | 23 May 2022 | |
| fam. Tydeidae | |||
| Lorryia pulchra (Oudemans, 1929) | |||
| Acer buergerianum | Szarvas (Hungary, Békés County) | 23 May 2022 | |
| *Tydeus lindquisti (Marshall, 1970) | |||
| Rubus angustipaniculatus | Kétvölgy (Hungary, Vas County) | 13 August 2021 | |
| fam. Triophtydeidae | |||
| Triophtydeus flatus Kuznetzov, 1973 | |||
| Acer buergerianum | Szarvas (Hungary, Békés County) | 23 May 2022 | |
| Carya cordiformis | Szarvas (Hungary, Békés County) | 23 May 2022 | |
| Triophtydeus immanis Kuznetzov, 1973 | |||
| Rubus angustipaniculatus | Kétvölgy (Hungary, Vas County) | 13 August 2021 | |
| fam. Tenuipalpidae | |||
| Cenopalpus pulcher (Canestrini et Fanzago, 1876) | |||
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica | Balf (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County) | 15 April 2019 | |
| Pentamerismus oregonensis McGregor, 1949 | |||
| Cupressus sempervirens | Törökvész, Budapest II (Hungary) | 24 June 2019 | |
| fam. Eriophyidae | |||
| Anthocoptes rubicolens Roivainen, 1953 | |||
| ♦ Rubus amphistrophus | Neukirchen an der Enknach (Austria, Upper Austria) | 7 July 2021 | |
| ♦ Rubus angustipaniculatus | Kétvölgy (Hungary, Vas County) | 13 August 2021 | |
| ♦ Rubus apricus | Neukirchen an der Enknach (Austria, Upper Austria) | 7 July 2021 | |
| Rubus bifrons | Nagylózs (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County) | 12 June 2020 | |
| ♦ Rubus ser. Radula | Aschach a.d. Donau (Austria, Upper Austria) | 7 July 2020 | |
| ♦ Rubus aff. seebergensis | Nagylózs (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County) | 12 June 2020 | |
| ♦ Rubus vatavensis | Engelhartszell (Austria, Upper Austria) | 6 July 2020 | |
| ♦ Rubus wimmerianus | Bakonyszentkirály (Hungary, Veszprém County) | 20 August 2021 | |
| Epitrimerus gibbosus (Nalepa, 1892) | |||
| ♦ Rubus scarbantinus | Nagykapornak (Hungary, Zala County) | 2 July 2021 | |
| ♦ Rubus aff. seebergensis | Nagylózs (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County) | 12 June 2020 | |
| ♦ Rubus wimmerianus | Bakonyszentkirály (Hungary, Veszprém County) | 20 August 2021 | |
| Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nalepa, 1890) | |||
| ♦ Rubus amphistrophus | Neukirchen an der Enknach (Austria, Upper Austria) | 7 July 2021 | |
| ♦ Rubus angustipaniculatus | St Jakob in Rosental (Austria, Carinthia) | 14 July 2020 | |
| Rubus angustipaniculatus | Kétvölgy (Hungary, Vas County) | 13 August 2021 | |
| ♦ Rubus apricus | Neukirchen an der Enknach (Austria, Upper Austria) | 7 July 2021 | |
| ♦ Rubus balatonicus | Oroszlány (Hungary, Komárom-Esztergom County) | 22 June 2021 | |
| Rubus bifrons | Nagylózs (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County) | 12 June 2020 | |
| ♦ Rubus ser. Radula | Aschach a.d. Donau (Austria, Upper Austria) | 7 July 2020 | |
| ♦ Rubus liubensis | St. Johann an Steinfelde, Mt. Gfieder (Austria, Lower Austria) | 14 July 2021 | |
| ♦ Rubus vatavensis | Engelhartszell (Austria, Upper Austria) | 6 July 2020 | |
| Rubus vatavensis | Hofkirchen im Mühlkreis (Austria, Upper Austria) | 7 July 2020 | |
| Acari: Astigmata | |||
| fam. Winterschmidtiidae | |||
| Czenspinskia transversostriata (Oudemans, 1927) | |||
| Carya cordiformis | Szarvas (Hungary, Békés County) | 23 May 2022 | |
| Malus domestica | Pusztaszabolcs (Hungary, Fejér County) | 21 October 2014 | |
| fam. Acaridae | |||
| Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze et Robin, 1868) | |||
| Allium giganteum | Kecskemét (Hungary, Bács-Kiskun County) | 27 August 2014 | |
| Acari: Oribatida | |||
| fam. Micreremidae | |||
| Micreremus brevipes (Michael, 1888) | |||
| Hippophaë rhamnoides | Gödöllő (Hungary, Pest County) | 2 July 2019 | |
Superorder Parasitiformes Reuter
Family Phytoseiidae Berlese
Genus Amblyseius Berlese
Amblyseius andersoni (Chant, 1957)
It was described in Canada and is a widespread cosmopolitan species in almost the whole Europe. In the course of this study A. andersoni was collected from the leaves of two bramble species, viz. Rubus angustipaniculatus Holub (Rosaceae) at St Jakob in Rosental (Austria, Carinthia), 0.3 km SE of Winkl, N of the Karawanken-highway, in forest clearings, and Rubus vatavensis Žila et Trávn. (Rosaceae) in Engelhartszell (Austria, Upper Austria), in the big curve of the road nr. 136 above the village, in forest fringes. On both hosts another phytoseiid species, Phytoseius juvenis was collected, too (Table 1).
Genus Neoseiulus Hughes
The genus Neoseiulus belongs to the largest phytoseiid subfamily Amblyseiinae. Two new representatives of this genus previously unreported from Hungary were collected from Salvia nemorosa L. (Lamiaceae) in Vászoly, Öreghegy (Hungary, Veszprém County), viz. Neoseiulus dungeri (Karg) and Neoseiulus tauricus (Livshitz et Kuznetzov).
Neoseiulus dungeri (Karg, 1977) NH (= new for Hungary)
The type locality of this species is in the valley of river Leutra, close to the city of Jena (Germany, Thuringia), where the holotype was collected with soil trap in Seslerietum plant association (Karg, 1977). No other record was known subsequetly. N. dungeri (Fig. 1) belongs to the cangaro subgroup in the genus Neoseiulus; closely related species in Europe is N. alustoni. In Hungary it was collected in a seminatural habitat at the village of Vászoly, Öreghegy (Hungary, Veszprém County, Balaton Uplands) from the leaves of Salvia nemorosa L. (Lamiaceae) together with the gall-inducing Aceria salviae (Nalepa) (Acari: Eriophyidae) (Ripka, 2016). Neoseiulus dungeri is new to the Hungarian fauna.
Spermatheca of Neoseiulus dungeri (Photo: Árpád Szabó)
Citation: Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 57, 2; 10.1556/038.2022.00160
Neoseiulus tauricus (Livshitz et Kuznetzov, 1972) NH
It was described based on specimens collected in Crimea from different herbaceous plants (Teucrium polium, Stachys cretica, Asperula humifusa, Achillea sp.). Subsequently, the presence of Neoseiulus tauricus was recorded in Armenia, Azerbaijan, China – Inner Mongolia, France, Greece, Iran and Ukraine (Moraes et al., 2004; Demite et al., 2021). Neoseiulus tauricus (Fig. 2) belongs to the ceratoni subgroup in the genus Neoseiulus; closely related species from Europe are N. agrestis and N. vasoides (Karg).
Spermatheca of Neoseiulus tauricus (Photo: Árpád Szabó)
Citation: Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 57, 2; 10.1556/038.2022.00160
The species was collected from the leaves of Salvia nemorosa by the senior author in seminatural habitat near Vászoly, Öreghegy (Hungary, Veszprém County, Balaton Uplands), in association with Aceria salviae (Ripka, 2016). This record is the first occurrence of N. tauricus in Hungary.
Neoseiulus marginatus (Wainstein, 1961)
The species was described based on specimens collected in Kazakhstan from Teucrium sp. It was subsequently recorded in Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Latvia, Moldova, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Ukraine (Moraes et al., 2004; Demite et al., 2021). In Hungary, it was collected from Verbena officinalis L. (Verbenaceae) growing in roadside vegetation in Alsó-Rákoshegy, Budapest (Central Hungary). Acaralox bognari Ripka (Acari: Eriophyidae) and a Balaustium species (Acari: Erythraeidae) co-occurred with N. marginatus (Ripka, 2015a). On Verbena officinalis two other phytoseiid mites were found in Budapest as well, Amblyseius andersoni and Euseius finlandicus.
Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans, 1930)
It was described from Cucumis melo in France and reported from all continents except the Antarctica (Demite et al., 2021). From Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P.W. Ball et Heywood (Caryophyllaceae) and Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. (Plantaginaceae) living in seminatural habitat, Neoseiulus cucumeris was collected in Budapest, Soroksár (Central Hungary). Anthoseius rhenanus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Aceria feketeistvani Ripka (Acari: Eriophyidae) co-occurred with N. cucumeris on P. prolifera (Ripka, 2016).
Genus Phytoseius Ribaga
Phytoseius juvenis Wainstein et Arutunjan, 1970
Phytoseius juvenis proved to be the most frequent and abundant phytoseiid mite species on brambles collected from the leaves of five Rubus taxa: Rubus angustipaniculatus in St Jakob in Rosental (Austria, Carinthia), 0.3 km SE of Winkl, N of the Karawanken-highway, in forest clearings; Rubus bifrons Vest (Rosaceae) in Nagylózs (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County), 3.2 km NE of the village, Haraszt Forest, in sunny forest fringes; Rubus ser. Radula (Focke) Focke (Rosaceae) in Aschach a.d. Donau (Austria, Upper Austria), in forest fringes at the hydroelectric power station; Rubus rudis Weihe (Rosaceae) in Otterskirchen (Germany, Bavaria), 0.4 km E of Besensandbach, in forest fringes on the left bank of the Danube; Rubus vatavensis in Hofkirchen im Mühlkreis (Austria, Upper Austria), from bushes close to the Danube W of Marsbach; R. vatavensis Engelhartszell (Austria, Upper Austria), in the big curve of the road nr. 136 above the village, in forest fringes.
Genus Typhloseiulus Chant et McMurtry
Typhloseiulus peculiaris (Kolodochka, 1980)
The species was described from Tilia tomentosa Moench in Moldova. It is known from Greece, the Czech Republic, Iran, Moldova and Turkey (Demite et al., 2021). However, Kontschán et al. (2014) recently recorded it from oaks close to Óbarok (Central Hungary, Fejér County), but not referenced at international level (Demite et al., 2021). Our specimens were collected from Quercus cerris L. (Fagaceae) in an oak forest, near Mátrafüred (Hungary, Heves County).
Family Melicharidae Hirschmann
Genus Proctolaelaps Berlese
The genus Proctolaelaps includes nearly 90 described species. They occur in association with bark beetles, bumblebees and other insects, in nests of birds and mammals, in flowers visited by hummingbirds, in various decaying organic substances, or are synanthropic (OConnor and Klimov, 2012). Some species feed on small arthropods (including acarid mites), nematodes, fungi, or pollen (Nawar, 1995). Adults of several species are phoretic on insects. Many species are cosmopolitan (Halliday et al., 1998).
Proctolaelaps drosophilae Karg, Baker et Jenkinson 1995 NH
Proctolaelaps drosophilae was described by Karg et al. (1995) and recently redescribed in detail by Abo-Shnaf and Moraes (2016) using specimens from the Drosophila culture (Diptera: Drosophilidae) maintained in a laboratory at the University of Leeds in England. It is probably a non-native species introduced to Europe (Mašán, 2022). In Hungary it was collected in Debrecen-Dózsa (Eastern Hungary, Hajdú-Bihar County) from the decaying root of sugar beet infected with Fusarium sp., in association with histiostomatid mites (Acari: Histiostomatidae). It is the first occurrence of Proctolaelaps drosophilae in Hungary (Figs 3–6).
Habitus of Proctolaelaps drosophilae female (Photo: Árpád Szabó)
Citation: Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 57, 2; 10.1556/038.2022.00160
Chelicera of Proctolaelaps drosophilae female (Photo: Árpád Szabó)
Citation: Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 57, 2; 10.1556/038.2022.00160
Hypognathal groove of Proctolaelaps drosophilae female (Photo: Árpád Szabó)
Citation: Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 57, 2; 10.1556/038.2022.00160
Dorsal hexagonal area of Proctolaelaps drosophilae female delimited by setae j5, z5 and j6 (Photo: Árpád Szabó)
Citation: Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 57, 2; 10.1556/038.2022.00160
Superorder Acariformes Reuter
Family Erythraeidae Robineau-Desvoidy
Genus Abrolophus Berlese
Abrolophus quisquiliarus (Hermann, 1804)
From the leaves of Agrimonia eupatoria L. (Rosaceae) a trombidiid and an erythraeid species were identified in Mesteri (Western Hungary, Vas County), viz. a larva of Allothrombium fuliginosum (Hermann) and an orange-coloured deutonymph of Abrolophus quisquiliarus, respectively. Both species co-occurred with Aculus castriferrei Ripka (Acari: Eriophyidae) and Tydeus reticoxus Ueckermann (Acari: Tydeidae) (Ripka, 2014; Ripka et al., 2022). Abrolophus quisquiliarus is known from Austria, Belgium, England, France, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland and the Netherlands (Beron, 2008, 2017).
Genus Balaustium von Heyden
From Verbena officinalis (growing in roadside vegetation), a reddish female of the genus Balaustium was collected in Budapest (Central Hungary). It co-occurred with Neoseiulus marginatus and Acaralox bognari (Ripka, 2015a).
Genus Charletonia Oudemans
Charletonia krendowskyi (Feider, 1954) NH
In Zánka (Veszprém County, Balaton Uplands, Hungary), an orange-coloured larva of Charletonia krendowskyi was found on the leaf of Quercus cerris L. (Fagaceae) infested by Aceria cerrigemmarum (Nalepa) (Acari: Eriophyidae) (Ripka and Csóka, 2010). Charletonia krendowskyi is a new species in the acarofauna of Hungary. It was previously recorded from Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Rhodes (Greece), continental Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine and Iran (Haitlinger, 2003, 2007; Haitlinger and Saboori, 2007; Beron, 2008, 2017).
Genus Marantelophus Haitlinger NH
Marantelophus rudaensis (Haitlinger, 1986), NH
From Agrimonia eupatoria, a larva of Marantelophus rudaensis, a new species for the Hungarian fauna, has been recorded. It co-occurred with Aculus castriferrei, Acaralox hungarorum Ripka (both Acari: Eriophyidae) and Anthoseius occiduus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in a seminatural habitat at Pesthidegkút, Budapest (Central Hungary) (Ripka, 2015b). Marantelophus rudaensis was described from Poland, and subsequently recorded from Greece, Moldova, Montenegro, Switzerland and Turkey (Beron, 2008, 2017).
Family Trombidiidae Leach
Genus Allothrombium Berlese
Allothrombium fuliginosum (Hermann, 1804)
An orange-coloured larva of Allothrombium fuliginosum was found on an aphid larva which fed on the leaf of Agrimonia eupatoria. An eriophyid mite species, viz. Aculus castriferrei was found as well (Ripka, 2015b). This species is widely distributed in the Palaearctic region. From the aphid infested shoot of Helianthemum ovatum (Viv.) Dunal in DC. (Cistaceae), larvae of A. fuliginosum were previously reported in the Buda Protected Landscape Area (Budapest, Central Hungary) (Ripka and Szabó, 2010).
Allothrombium pulvinum Ewing, 1917
Purple adults of Allothrombium pulvinum were collected close to ground level from the trunk of Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae) which was previously reported as Allothrombium sp. (Ripka et al., 2005). It is a common species throughout Europe. The larvae of Allothrombium pulvinum are ectoparasites on aphids, while deutonymphs and adults are free-living predators of different arthropods, e.g. spider mites (Kontschán et al., 2017).
Family Cunaxidae Thor
Genus Cunaxa von Heyden
Cunaxa gazella (Berlese, 1916) NH
The species was described from decaying wood in Somalia. A single larva of Cunaxa gazella was collected from the lower side of the leaflet of Rubus caesius L. (Rosaceae), at the forest fringes in Sopronkövesd, along the public road between Lövő and Röjtökmuzsaj (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County). This little known species co-occurred with Homeopronematus anconai (Baker) and Homeopronematus staerki (Schruft) (both Acari: Iolinidae) (Ripka et al., 2022). It is the first occurrence of Cunaxa gazella in Hungary.
Family Cheyletidae Leach
Genus Cheletogenes Oudemans
Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini et Fanzago, 1876)
It was described from Italy. Being one of the most widespread cheyletid mite species in the world, it is distributed in many countries of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America (Beron, 2021). On the shoot of Cupressus sempervirens L. (Cupressaceae) the orange-coloured adult and nymph of Cheletogenes ornatus were found in association with Pentamerismus oregonensis McGregor (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and Epitrimerus cupressi (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in a private garden in Budapest (Central Hungary) (Ripka et al., 2020b). On deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs infested by scale insects this predatory mite species was frequently found in considerably low number (Ripka et al., 1999, 2005).
Family Eupalopsellidae Willmann
Genus Eupalopsellus Sellnick
Eupalopsellus oelandicus Sellnick, 1949 NH
On the shoot of Bassia prostrata (L.) Beck (Amaranthaceae) the carmine and orange red females of Eupalopsellus oelandicus were collected together with Aceria bassicola Ripka et Takács (Acari: Eriophyidae) (Ripka and Takács, 2021) in seminatural habitat between the cities of Érd and Százhalombatta (Central Hungary, Pest County) (Figs 7–12). This species is new to the Hungarian acarofauna. Eupalopsellus oelandicus was described from Sweden, and recorded in Belgium, Crimea, England, Germany, Iran, Turkey and the USA (Beron, 2020).
Dorsal view of Eupalopsellus oelandicus female (Photo: Mateusz Zmudziński)
Citation: Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 57, 2; 10.1556/038.2022.00160
Ventral view of Eupalopsellus oelandicus female (Photo: Mateusz Zmudziński)
Citation: Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 57, 2; 10.1556/038.2022.00160
Prodorsal shield of Eupalopsellus oelandicus female (Photo: Mateusz Zmudziński)
Citation: Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 57, 2; 10.1556/038.2022.00160
Gnathosoma and legs I of Eupalopsellus oelandicus female, in dorsal view (Photo: Mateusz Zmudziński)
Citation: Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 57, 2; 10.1556/038.2022.00160
Gnathosoma and legs I of Eupalopsellus oelandicus female, in ventral view (Photo: Mateusz Zmudziński)
Citation: Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 57, 2; 10.1556/038.2022.00160
Ano-genital region of Eupalopsellus oelandicus female (Photo: Mateusz Zmudziński)
Citation: Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 57, 2; 10.1556/038.2022.00160
Family Tydeidae Kramer
Genus Tydeus Koch
Tydeus lindquisti (Marshall, 1970) NH
Yellowish white young female of Tydeus lindquisti in tritonymphal exuvium was collected from the underside of the leaflet of Rubus angustipaniculatus, in Kétvölgy, Ritkaháza, 1.0 km S of crossroads to Felsőszölnök, at the forest fringes along the road to Čepinci border crossing (Hungary, Vas County). Anthocoptes rubicolens Roivainen, Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nalepa) (both Acari: Eriophyidae) and a tarsonemid mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) co-occurred with T. lindquisti. It is the first occurrence of this species in Hungary. Recently it was recorded in Austria from the leaflet of Rubus vatavensis (Ripka et al., 2022).
Family Triophtydeidae André
Genus Triophtydeus Thor
Triophtydeus immanis Kuznetzov, 1973
Yellowish white female from the lower side of the leaflet of Rubus angustipaniculatus was found in Kétvölgy, Ritkaháza, 1.0 km S of crossroads to Felsőszölnök, at the forest fringes along the new public road to Čepinci border crossing (Hungary, Vas County). Anthocoptes rubicolens, Phyllocoptes gracilis, Tydeus lindquisti and a tarsonemid mite were collected, too.
Family Tenuipalpidae Berlese
Genus Cenopalpus Pritchard et Baker
Cenopalpus pulcher (Canestrini et Fanzago, 1876)
The purple Cenopalpus pulcher is a common species on woody rosaceous hosts in Hungary (Kontschán and Ripka, 2017). It was collected from the shoot of Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall (Oleaceae).
Genus Pentamerismus McGregor
Pentamerismus oregonensis McGregor, 1949
From the bases of scale-like leaves of Cupressus sempervirens, the carmine Pentamerismus oregonensis was collected in a private garden in Budapest (Central Hungary). In Hungary it is a frequent species on cupressaceous hosts (Kontschán and Ripka, 2017). Near P. oregonensis, Cheletogenes ornatus (Acari: Cheyletidae) was found.
Family Eriophyidae Nalepa
Genus Anthocoptes Nalepa
Anthocoptes rubicolens Roivainen, 1953
It was described from Spain, and recently first recorded in Hungary and Austria (Ripka et al., 2020a). Females, males and nymphs of Anthocoptes rubicolens were collected together with Phyllocoptes gracilis and Phytoseius juvenis from the petioles and veins on the lower side of the leaves of Rubus bifrons in Nagylózs, Haraszt Forest, in sunny forest fringes, 3.2 km NE of the village (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County).
From the veins on the underside of the leaves of Rubus aff. seebergensis Pfuhl ex Srib. (Rosaceae) females of A. rubicolens was found in association with Epitrimerus gibbosus (Nalepa) (Acari: Eriophyidae) and females and males of Anthoseius rhenanus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Nagylózs, Haraszt Forest, in sunny forest fringes, 3.2 km NE of the village (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County).
Females of Anthocoptes rubicolens co-occurred with P. gracilis, Amblyseius andersoni and Phytoseius juvenis on the lower side of the leaflets of Rubus vatavensis in Engelhartszell, at the forest fringes close the road nr. 136 (Austria, Upper Austria).
On Rubus ser. Radula females of Anthocoptes rubicolens from dirty white erinea caused by P. gracilis were collected together with P. juvenis in Aschach a.d. Donau, at the forest fringes at the hydroelectric power station (Austria, Upper Austria).
From silvery and light green erinea on leaf underside of Rubus apricus Wimm. (Rosaceae) females of Anthocoptes rubicolens were collected in Ranshofen, Enknach, in coniferous forests along the road nr. 156 (Austria, Upper Austria).
From the leaf underside of Rubus amphistrophus (Focke) Sabr. (Rosaceae) a female of Anthocoptes rubicolens was found in Ranshofen, Enknach, in coniferous forests along the road nr. 156 (Austria, Upper Austria). Light green and yellowish green irregular spots were present on the upper side of the leaves.
From the underside of the leaflets, near veins of Rubus angustipaniculatus females and males of Anthocoptes rubicolens were found in Kétvölgy, Ritkaháza, 1.0 km S of crossroads to Felsőszölnök, at the forest fringes along the road to Čepinci border crossing (Hungary, Vas County).
Females and males of Anthocoptes rubicolens were found on and close to the veins on the lower side of the leaflets of Rubus wimmerianus (Sprib. ex Sudre) Sprib. (Rosaceae) together with Epitrimerus gibbosus in Bakonyszentkirály, in an old European beech forest along the road to Réde (Hungary, Veszprém County). Distinct round, irregular, yellowish and light green spots were visible on the upper side of the leaflets.
Genus Epitrimerus Nalepa
Epitrimerus gibbosus (Nalepa, 1892)
On the foliage of Rubus aff. seebergensis Epitrimerus gibbosus co-occurred with Anthocoptes rubicolens and Anthoseius rhenanus in Nagylózs, Haraszt Forest, in sunny forest fringes, 3.2 km NE of the village (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County).
From the lower side of the leaflets of Rubus scarbantinus Király et Trávn. (Rosaceae) females and males of Epitrimerus gibbosus were collected in Nagykapornak, along a forest road to „Remetekert” (Hungary, Zala County). Distinct round, irregular and partly mosaic-like yellowish and brownish spots were the damage symptom on the upper side of the leaflets.
Females and males of Epitrimerus gibbosus were found together with A. rubicolens on and close to the veins, and in erinea on the lower side of the leaflets of Rubus wimmerianus in Bakonyszentkirály, in an old European beech forest along the road to Réde (Hungary, Veszprém County). The mite damage symptoms were distinct, e.g. round, irregular, yellowish and light green spots on the upper side of the leaflets.
Genus Phyllocoptes Nalepa
Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nalepa, 1890)
Females and males of Phyllocoptes gracilis together with Anthocoptes rubicolens, Amblyseius andersoni and Phytoseius juvenis were collected from silvery erinea on leaf underside and petioles of Rubus vatavensis, in Engelhartszell, at the forest fringes close the road nr. 136 (Austria, Upper Austria).
Females of Phyllocoptes gracilis were found on the lower side of the leaflets, close to the veins of Rubus vatavensis in Hofkirchen im Mühlkreis (Austria, Upper Austria), from bushes close to the Danube W of Marsbach. P. juvenis was found as well.
Females and males of Phyllocoptes gracilis were collected from dirty white erinea on the leaves of Rubus ser. Radula in Aschach a.d. Donau, at the forest fringes at the hydroelectric power station (Austria, Upper Austria). P. juvenis was collected, too.
Females, males and nymphs of Phyllocoptes gracilis were collected together with A. rubicolens and P. juvenis from the petioles and the upper side of the leaves of Rubus bifrons in Nagylózs, Haraszt Forest, in sunny forest fringes, 3.2 km NE of the village (Hungary, Győr-Moson-Sopron County).
Nymph of Phyllocoptes gracilis was collected from silvery and greyish green erineum on the lower side of the leaflets of Rubus angustipaniculatus in St Jakob in Rosental, bushes 0.3 km SE of Winkl, N of the Karawanken-highway (Austria, Carinthia). A. andersoni and P. juvenis co-occurred with P. gracilis.
Females, males, and nymphs of Phyllocoptes gracilis were collected from the dirty white erinea on the lower side of the leaflets of Rubus angustipaniculatus in Kétvölgy, Ritkaháza, 1.0 km S of crossroads to Felsőszölnök, at the forest fringes along the road to Čepinci border crossing (Hungary, Vas County). Light green and yellowish green spots were seen on the upper side of the leaves.
Females and males of Phyllocoptes gracilis were collected from erinea on the leaf of Rubus balatonicus Borbás (Rosaceae), in Oroszlány, „Községi-erdő”, along a forest road 1.3 km S of the town (Hungary, Komárom-Esztergom County). Yellow and brownish spots were seen along veins on upper side of the leaflets.
Females of Phyllocoptes gracilis together with A. rubicolens were collected from silvery and light green erinea on leaf underside of Rubus apricus in Ranshofen, Enknach, in coniferous forests along the road nr. 156 (Austria, Upper Austria).
From light green erinea on leaf underside of Rubus amphistrophus, females and males of Phyllocoptes gracilis were collected together with A. rubicolens in Ranshofen, Enknach, in coniferous forests along the road nr. 156 (Austria, Upper Austria). On the upper side of the leaves light green and yellowish green irregular spots were present.
Females and males of Phyllocoptes gracilis were found in whitish and light green erinea on the lower side of the leaves of Rubus liubensis W. Maurer (Rosaceae). On the upper side of the leaves light green and yellowish green irregular spots were the visible symptoms in Ternitz, St. Johann am Steinfelde, in coniferous forests at the Edlitzbrunnstrasse (Austria, Lower Austria).
Overall, ten new host taxa for eriophyoid mites, viz. Rubus amphistrophus, Rubus angustipaniculatus, Rubus apricus, Rubus balatonicus, Rubus ser. Radula, Rubus liubensis, Rubus scarbantinus, Rubus aff. seebergensis, Rubus vatavensis and Rubus wimmerianus were found (Table 1). In this continued survey P. gracilis was the most frequent gall mite species on brambles. P. gracilis is a significant acarine pest of raspberry.
Family Winterschmidtiidae Oudemans
Genus Czenspinskia Oudemans
Czenspinskia transversostriata (Oudemans, 1931)
In an apple orchard in Pusztaszabolcs (Hungary, Fejér County), Czenspinskia transversostriata was collected from apple leaves. On the underside of the leaves this species co-occurred with Eriophyes mali Nalepa (Acari: Eriophyidae), stigmaeid, phytoseiid and tarsonemid mites (Ripka, 2016). From the lower side of the leaflets of bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) C. transversostriata was collected together with Zetzellia mali (Ewing) (Acari: Stigmaeidae) and Triophtydeus flatus Kuznetzov (Acari: Triophtydeidae) in an arboretum at Szarvas (Hungary, Békés County). The parthenogenetic, phytophagous and fungivore C. transversostriata is known in Austria, Australia, Brazil, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Turkey and the USA (Hughes, 1962). In Hungary C. transversostriata was reported from nine tree and shrub species (Ripka et al., 2002, 2005).
Family Acaridae Latreille
Genus Rhizoglyphus Berlese
Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze et Robin, 1868)
Rhizoglyphus echinopus was collected from the bulb of Allium giganteum Regel (Alliaceae). The species has been recorded in Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Egypt, Fiji, France, India, Ireland, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Romania, Russia, Spain, the Netherlands, the UK and the USA (Fan and Zhang, 2003). It is an important astigmatid mite pest of bulbs, corms and tubers of many host plants.
Family Micreremidae Grandjean
Genus Micreremus Berlese
Micreremus brevipes (Michael, 1888)
Micreremus brevipes was collected from the upper side of the leaf of Hippophaë rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae) together with Aceria hippophaena (Nalepa) and Anthocoptes hungaricus Ripka (both Acari: Eriophyidae) in a botanical garden in Gödöllő (Central Hungary, Pest County) (Ripka et al., 2020b). In Hungary Micreremus brevipes was reported from four ornamental tree and shrub species (Ripka et al., 1999).
Conclusions
In this study carried out in 2000 and 2021 within an international project, we add eight newly recorded species for Hungary, four of which, i.e. Neoseiulus dungeri, Neoseiulus tauricus, Marantelophus rudaensis and Proctolaelaps drosophilae from herbaceous hosts; two species, viz. Cunaxa gazella and Tydeus lindquisti from Rubus taxa; one species: Charletonia krendowskyi from a forest tree species; and another one: Eupalopsellus oelandicus from a subshrub. Our results broaden the knowledge on the host-range of eriophyoid mites with ten additional Rubus spp.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr Ryszard Haitlinger (Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland) and Prof. Dr Joanna Mąkol (Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland) for identifying the trombidiid and erythraeid mites. The authors are indebted to Mateusz Zmudziński (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland) for taking microphotos on Eupalopsellus oelandicus. Thanks for the phytoseiid, erythraeid, tenuipalpid, acarid, stigmaeid and triophtydeid mite samples from Viburnum lantana, Quercus cerris, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Allium giganteum, Beta vulgaris, Acer buergerianum and Carya cordiformis to Dr Ágnes Szénási (Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary), Dr György Csóka (Forest Research Institute, Mátrafüred, Hungary), Dr. Márton Korda (University of Sopron, Hungary), Dr János Ágoston (Neumann János University, Kecskemét, Hungary), Zsófia Czakó (National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary) and Attila Uhljar (Szarvas, Hungary), resp. The contribution of Michael Hohla (Obernberg am Inn, Austria) is highly appreciated in field work made in Austria.
References
Abo-Shnaf, R.I.A. and Moraes, G.J. de (2016). Proctolaelaps species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Melicharidae) from Egypt, with description of a new species and complementary descriptions of other five species. Zootaxa, 4162(3): 479–503. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.4.
Beron, P. (2008). Acarorum Catalogus I. Acariformes: Calyptostomatoidea (Calyptostomatidae), Erythraeoidea (Smarididae, Erythraeidae). Pensoft & National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, pp. 1–272.
Beron, P. (2017). Acarorum Catalogus I. First supplement (2008–2016). Historia naturalis bulgarica, 24: 131–154. https://www.nmnhs.com/historia-naturalis-bulgarica/.
Beron, P. (2020). Acarorum Catalogus VII. Trombidiformes, Prostigmata, Raphignathoidea (Fam. Barbutiidae, Caligonellidae, Camerobiidae, Cryptognathidae, Dasythyreidae, Dytiscacaridae, Eupalopsellidae, Homocaligidae, Mecognathidae, Raphignathidae, Stigmaeidae, Xenocaligonellididae). Advanced Books, Pensoft. https://doi.org/10.3897/ab.e55087.
Beron, P. (2021). Acarorum Catalogus VIII. Trombidiformes, Prostigmata. Superfamilia Cheyletoidea (Cheyletidae, Psorergatidae, Demodecidae, Harpyrhynchidae, Syringophilidae) Superfamilia Cloacaroidea (Cloacaroidae, Epimyodicidae). Advanced Books, Pensoft. https://doi.org/10.3897/ab.e69591.
Chant, D.A. and Yoshida-Shaul, E. (1987). A world review of the pyri species group in the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65: 1770–1804.
Demite, P.R., Moraes, G.J. de, McMurtry, J.A., Denmark, H.A., and Castilho, R.C. (2021). Phytoseiidae database. Available from: www.lea.esalq.usp.br/phytoseiidae (accessed 30 April 2022).
Fain, A. (1982). Revision des genres Thyreophagus Rondani, 1874 et Michaelopus Fain and Johnston, 1974 (Acari, Acaridae) avec description de neuf espèces nouvelles. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 54: 1–47.
Fain, A. and Ripka, G. (1998a). A new larval Erythraeidae (Acari) from Hungary. International Journal of Acarology, 24(1): 41–44.
Fain, A. and Ripka, G. (1998b). Two new larval Trombidiidae of the genus Podothrombium Berlese, 1910 (Acari: Prostigmata) from Hungary. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 68: 71–78.
Fan, Q.-H. and Zhang, Z.-Q. (2003). Rhizoglyphus echinopus and Rhizoglyphus robini (Acari: Acaridae) from Australia and New Zealand: identification, host plants and geographical distribution. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 16: 1–16. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/acarology/saas/saasp.html.
Gabryś, G. and Mąkol, J. (1991). Parasintengona terrestria: Calyptostomatoidea, Erythraeoidea and Trombidioidea (Acari) of the Bátorliget nature reserves (NE Hungary). In: Mahunka, S. (Ed.), The Bátorliget Nature Reserves – after forty years, 1990, Vol. 2. The Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, pp. 707–713.
Gabryś, G. and Mąkol, J. (1996). Terrestrial Parasintengona (Acari) of the Bükk National Park (NE Hungary). In: Mahunka, S. (Ed.), The fauna of the Bükk National Park, 1996, Vol. 2. The Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, pp. 487–490.
Haitlinger, R. (2003). Three new species of Charletonia Oudemans, 1910 (Acari: Prostigmata, Erythraeidae) and first record of Charletonia krendowskyi (Feider, 1954) from Rhodes, Greece. Systematic Parasitology, 56: 49–55.
Haitlinger, R. (2007). New records of mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Erythraeidae, Johnstonianidae, Microtrombidiidae, Tanaupodidae, Trombidiidae) from Austria, Hungary, Italy and San Marino. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu, Biologia i Hodowla Zwierząt, 55, 559: 45–54.
Haitlinger, R. and Saboori, A. (2007). Two new larval ectoparasitic Charletonia (Oudemans) (Acari: Prostigmata, Erythraeidae) found on Orhtoptera (Insecta), and the first record of Charletonia krendowskyi (Feider) in Iran. Polish Journal of Entomology, 76: 61–71.
Halliday, R.B., Walter, D.E., and Lindquist, E.E. (1998). Revision of the Australian Ascidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 12: 1–54.
Hughes, A.M. (1962). The genus Calvolia Oudemans, 1911 (Acari: Sarcoptiformes). Acarologia, 4(1): 48–63.
Karg, W. (1977). Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Amblyseius Berlese, 1904. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz, Germany, 51(6): 1–9.
Karg, W. (1993). Acari (Acarina), Milben Parasitiformes (Anactinochaeta) Cohors Gamasina Leach Raubmilben. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Stuttgart, New York, pp. 1–523.
Karg, W., Baker, R.A., and Jenkinson, L. (1995). Mite infestation in Drosophila cultures and description of a new mite species of the genus Proctolaelaps Berlese with notes on its control in the laboratory (Acarina: Parasitiformes). Deutschhe Entolmologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge, 42: 187–190.
Keifer, H.H. (1975). Eriophyoidea Nalepa. In: Jeppson, L. R., Keifer, H. H., and Baker, E. W. (Eds.), Mites injurious to economic plants. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, pp. 327–533.
Király, G. (Ed.) (2009). Új magyar füvészkönyv. Magyarország hajtásos növényei. Határozókulcsok [New Hungarian herbal. The vascular plants of Hungary. Identification key]. Aggteleki Nemzeti Park Igazgatóság, Jósvafő, pp. 1–616.
Kontschán, J. and Ripka, G. (2017). Checklist of the Hungarian spider mites and flat mites (Acari: Tetranychidae and Tenuipalpidae). Systematic and Applied Acarology, 22(8): 1199–1225. http://doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.8.6.
Kontschán, J., Karap, A., and Kiss, B. (2014). Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from the rest areas of Hungarian highways. Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 45(1): 25–31.
Kontschán, J., Szederjesi, T., Oláh, R., and Vétek, G. (2017). Ismeretek hazai kártevő rovarok atkáiról II.: az Allothrombium pulvinum Ewing, 1917 (Acari: Trombidiidae), mint levéltetvek parazitája. (Contribution to the mites of Hungarian pest insects II.: Allothrombium pulvinum Ewing, 1917 (Acari: Trombidiidae), a parasite of aphids.) Növényvédelem, 78(53)(6): 255–258.
Kurtto, A. Weber, H.E., Lampinen, R., and Sennikov, A.N. (Eds.) (2010). Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of vascular plants in Europe. 15. Rosaceae (Rubus). The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europea & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki, pp. 1–362.
Mašán, P. (2022). The family Melicharidae (Acari, Mesostigmata) in Slovakia, with description of new species, annotated faunal synopsis and identification keys of species from Europe. Zootaxa, 5172(1): 1–449.
Moraes, G.J. de, McMurtry, J.A., Denmark, H.A., and Campos, C.B. (2004). A revised catalog of the mite family Phytoseiidae. Zootaxa, 434: 1–494.
Nawar, M.S. (1995). Macrocheles zaheri, a new species in the glaber group (Acari: Macrochelidae) from Egypt. Acarologia, 36(2): 97–100.
OConnor, B. and Klimov, P. (2012). Genus Proctolaelaps Berlese, 1923. http://insects.ummz.lsa.umich.edu/beemites/Species_Accounts/Proctolaelaps.htm (accessed 24 June 2022).
Ripka, G. (2006). Checklist of the Phytoseiidae of Hungary (Acari: Mesostigmata). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 67: 229–260.
Ripka, G. (2014). Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) from Hungary: a new species on Agrimonia eupatoria (Rosaceae) and new record on Convolvulus arvensis (Convolvulaceae). Zootaxa, 3900(2): 263–270. http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3900.2.6.
Ripka, G. (2015a). A new Acaralox species (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) on Verbena officinalis L. from Hungary. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 61(3): 247–254. http://doi.org/10.17109/AZH.61.3.4.2015.
Ripka, G. (2015b). New Aceria and Acaralox species (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) from Hungary on Alcea rosea L. (Malvaceae) and Agrimonia eupatoria L. (Rosaceae). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 50(2): 209–221. http://doi.org/10.1556/038.50.2015.2.6.
Ripka, G. (2016). Three new Aceria species (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) from Hungary on Limonium gmelinii ssp. hungaricum (Plumbaginaceae), Petrorhagia prolifera (Caryophyllaceae) and Gypsophila paniculata (Caryophyllaceae). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 51: 103–122. http://doi.org/10.1556/038.51.2016.1.10.
Ripka, G. and Csóka, Gy. (2010). New Quercus-infesting Bariella and Glyptacus species and redescription of Aceria cerrigemmarum (Nalepa) from Hungary (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 45: 223–234.
Ripka, G. and Szabó, Á. (2010). Additional data to the knowledge of the mite fauna of Hungary (Acari: Mesostigmata, Prostigmata and Astigmata). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 45: 373–381.
Ripka, G. and Szabó, Á. (2011). New plant-inhabiting mite records from Hungary (Acari: Mesostigmata, Prostigmata and Astigmata). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 46: 261–266.
Ripka, G. and Takács, A. (2021). Description of a new eriophyid species from Hungary (Acari: Acariformes: Eriophyoidea). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 82: 109–120, https://doi.org/10.17112/FoliaEntHung.2021.82.109.
Ripka, G., Fain, A., and Bolland, H.R. (1999). New data to the knowledge on the corticolous mite fauna in Hungary (Acari: Prostigmata, Astigmata, Oribatida). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 34(4): 363–371.
Ripka, G., Fain, A., Kaźmierski, A., Kreiter, S., and Magowski, W. Ł. (2002). Recent data to the knowledge of the arboreal mite fauna in Hungary (Acari: Mesostigmata, Prostigmata, and Astigmata). Acarologia, 42: 271–281.
Ripka, G., Fain, A., Kaźmierski, A., Kreiter, S., and Magowski, W.Ł. (2005). New data to the knowledge of the mite fauna of Hungary (Acari: Mesostigmata, Prostigmata and Astigmata). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 40: 159–176.
Ripka, G., Szabó, Á., Tempfli, B., and Varga, M. (2013). New plant-inhabiting mite records from Hungary (Acari: Mesostigmata, Prostigmata and Astigmata) II. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 48: 237–244.
Ripka, G., Király, G., and Szabó, Á. (2020a). Eriophyoid (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea) and phytoseiid (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) mite fauna of selected Rubus taxa (Rosaceae) with re-description of Anthocoptes rubicolens Roivainen and Epitrimerus rubi (Domes). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 55(2): 167–192.
Ripka, G., Kiss, E., Kontschán, J., and Szabó, Á. (2020b). A new Leipothrix species (Acari: Acariformes: Eriophyoidea) from Hungary on Zinnia elegans (Asteraceae). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 55(2): 223–234.
Ripka, G., Király, G., Szabó, Á., and Kaźmierski, A. (2022). Recent additions to the plant-inhabiting mite fauna of three European countries (Acari: Acariformes: Tydeoidea, Stigmaeidae). Systematic and Applied Acarology, 27(5): 865–887. http://doi.org/10.11158/saa.27.5.4.
Sochor, M., Trávniček, B., and Király, G. (2019). Ploidy level variation in the genus Rubus in the Pannonian Basin and the northern Balkans, and evolutionary implications. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 305: 611–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-019-01593-3.
Szabó, Á. and Németh, K. (2007). Újabb adatok a hazai Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata, Phytoseiidae) faunáról. (New data about the Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata, Phytoseiidae) fauna of Hungary.) Növényvédelem, 43: 341–344. (In Hungarian with English summary).
Szabó, Á., Kóródi, I., and Pénzes, B. (2009). Ragadozó atkák előfordulása a Tokaj-hegyaljai borvidéken. (The occurrence of predatory mites in the Tokaj wine region.) Növényvédelem, 45: 21–27. (In Hungarian with English summary).
Szabó, Á., Kóródi, I., Tempfli, B., and Pénzes, B. (2010). Phytoseiid mites in the Hungarian vineyards (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 45: 337–347.
Szabó, Á., Ripka, G., Hajdu, Zs., Tempfli, B., Varga, M., Mészáros, I., Kutasi, Cs., Németh, T., and Pénzes, B. (2013a). New data on the mesostigmatid mite fauna of Hungary (Acari: Mesostigmata). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 48: 149–153.
Szabó, Á., Pénzes, B., Sipos, P., Hegyi, T., Hajdú, Zs., and Markó, V. (2013b). Pest management systems affect composition but not abundance of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in apple orchards. Experimental & Applied Acarology, 1–13. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-013-9752-0 [accessed 14 May 2014].
Tempfli, B., Szabó, Á., and Pénzes, B. (2012). Poratkák (Acari: Tydeoidea) előfordulása az egri borvidéken. (The occurrence of tydeoid mites (Acari: Triophtydeidae, Iolinidae, Tydeidae) in the Eger wine region.) Növényvédelem, 48: 550–558. (In Hungarian with English summary).
Tempfli, B., Szabó, Á., and Ripka, G. (2014). New records of tydeid, phytoseiid and tenuipalpid (Acari: Tydeidae, Phytoseiidae, Tenuipalpidae) mites from Hungary. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 49: 275–279.
Tempfli, B., Pénzes, B., Fail, J., and Szabó, Á. (2015). The occurrence of tydeoid mites (Acari: Tydeoidea) in Hungarian vineyards. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 20(8): 937–954. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.20.8.9.
Trávníček, B., Lepší, M., Lepší, P., and Žíla, V. (2018). Taxonomy of Rubus ser. Radula in the Czech Republic. Preslia, 90: 387–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2018.387.
Ueckermann, E.A. and Ripka, G. (2016). Three new species and a new record of tenuipalpid mites (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Hungary. Journal of Natural History, 49(2): 275–279. http://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1091104. 1–27.
Upton, M.S. (1991). Methods for collecting, preserving, and studying insects and allied forms. The Australian Entomological Society, Brisbane, Miscellaneous Publication, No. 3, pp. 1–86.
Walter, D.E. and Proctor, H.C. (1999). Mites – ecology, evolution and behaviour. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, VIII, pp. 1–322.
Zhang, Z.-Q. (2003). Mites of greenhouses: identification, biology and control. CABI Publishing, X., pp. 1–244.
Zhang, Z.-Q. (2010). Terrestrial Parasitengona (except chiggers) of China: a review of progress in systematics and biology, with a checklist of species. Zoosymposia, 4: 94–105.
Zhang, Z.-Q., Fan, Q.-H., Pesic, V., Smit, H., Bochkov, A.V., Khaustov, A.A., Baker, A., Wohltmann, A., Wen, T., Amrine, J.W., Beron, P., Lin, J.-Z., Gabrys, G., and Husband, R. (2011): Order Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.), Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness, Vol. 3148. Zootaxa: 129–138.
