A bőrbetegségeket világszerte a negyedik legnagyobb terhet jelentő, nem végzetes népegészségügyi problémákként azonosították, amelyek mind az érintettek, mind pedig az egészségügyi ellátórendszer számára komoly kihívást jelentenek. A bőrbetegségek kialakulásában és lefolyásában a pszichoszociális tényezők, a megterhelő életesemények és a stressz sok esetben komoly szerepet játszanak, elszenvedőit gyakran romló életminőség jellemzi, és igen gyakoriak a komorbid pszichoszociális zavarok. Az utóbbi időben növekszik a száma azoknak a szakirodalmi tanulmányoknak, amelyek a pszichodermatológiai betegségek osztályozásának egységesítése mellett érvelnek, a klinikai praxis színvonalának javítása, a bőrbetegséggel élők jobb megértése, valamint a különböző szakmák (bőrgyógyászok, háziorvosok, pszichiáterek, pszichológusok) közös fogalmi rendszerének kialakítása érdekében. E tanulmányok a pszichodermatológiai megbetegedéseket négy fő csoport és további alcsoportok szerint osztályozzák. Cikkünkben bemutatjuk az új osztályozási rendszerre tett javaslatokat, valamint a pszichodermatológia, vagy pszichokután medicina tudományterületét, interdiszciplináris szemléletmódját, amely célul tűzte ki, hogy egyaránt figyelmet fordít a bőrgyógyászati megbetegedések biológiai, pszichés, valamint szociális komponenseire. A klinikai praxis során a pszichodermatológiai szemléletmód és az interdiszciplináris – azaz komplex – kezelés hiányában sok esetben az érintett populáció állapotának stagnálását vagy romlását figyelhetjük meg. Ám a szakirodalmi eredmények alapján a pszichodermatológiai szemléletmód pszichoszociális tényezőinek integrálásával, például pszichoszociális állapotfelméréssel, és a hagyományos kezelést kiegészítő pszichoszociális kezelések segítségével a bőrgyógyászati megbetegedéssel küzdők állapota javítható. A bőrbetegséggel élők ellátásának javítására tett irány elvek szakirodalmi áttekintése alapján javasoljuk az egészségügyi ellátó személyzet és a szakemberek pszichodermatológiai edukációját, valamint a komplex ellátáshoz szükséges feltételek megteremtését.
Skin diseases have been identified as the fourth biggest burden of non-fatal public health problems worldwide, posing a major challenge to both those affected and the healthcare system. Psychosocial factors, stressful life events and stress often play a major role in the development and course of these diseases, with sufferers often experiencing a poor quality of life and a high prevalence of comorbid psychosocial disorders. Recently, there has been a growing body of literature arguing for the stand-ardisation of psychodermatological classification in order to improve clinical practice, to better understand people with these conditions and to develop a common conceptual framework for the different professions (dermatologists, general practitioners, psychiatrists, psychologists). These studies classify psychodermatological disorders into four main groups and further subgroups. In this article, we present the proposals for the new classification system and the interdisciplinary approach of psychodermatology or psychocutaneous medicine, which aims to pay attention to the biological, psychological and social components of dermatological diseases. In clinical practice, in the absence of a psychodermatological approach and interdisciplinary – i.e. complex – treatment, we often observe stagnation or deterioration in the condition of the population concerned. However, the literature suggests that by integrating psychosocial factors of the psychodermatological approach, such as psychosocial assessment, and psychosocial treatments to complement conventional treatment, the condition of people with dermatological diseases can be improved. Based on a literature review of guidelines for improving the care of patients with skin disorders, we recommend psychodermatology education for health care staff and professionals and the creation of conditions for complex care.
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