Az atópiás dermatitis, más néven atópiás ekcéma, egy veleszületett genetikai hajlamon alapuló, krónikus, fellángolásokkal járó bőrgyulladás, amely a magas jövedelmű országokban a gyermekek 20%-át és a felnőttek akár 10%-át is érintheti. Tanulmányunk célja e betegség biopszichoszociális aspektusainak áttekintése, valamint az atópiás dermatitisszel kapcsolatos életminőség, testkép, stigmatizáció szakirodalmának és főbb kutatási eredményeinek összefoglalása. Kitérünk az atópiás dermatitis kialakulásáról szóló hipotézisekre, a megjelenésében tapasztalható életkori sajátosságokra és a kezelési lehetőségekre. Részletezzük azokat kutatási eredményeket, amelyek leírják, hogy a betegség a súlyosságától függően jelentősen befolyásolja a betegek életminőségét – különösen a társas működés és a pszichológiai jóllét vonatkozásában. Bemutatjuk a testkép változásának és a stigmatizációnak a jelentőségét, és felvázoljuk az egészségpszichológiai intervenciók lehetséges helyét. A szakirodalmi eredmények alapján hangsúlyozzuk az adherencia növelésére szolgáló intervenciók fontosságát, és a komplex, egészségpszichológiai szempontokat is magába foglaló kezelés szükségességét.
Atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, is a congenitally predisposed chronic inflammation of the skin, characterized by resting and severe flare-ups, which can affect up to 20 percent of children and up to 10% of adults in high-income countries The aim of this study is to review the biopsychosocial aspects of the disease and to summarise the literature and main research findings on quality of life, body image, and stigma associated with atopic dermatitis. The hypotheses on the etiology and development of atopic dermatitis, its age-specific features, and treatment options are discussed. We detail research findings that describe how the disease, depending on its severity, significantly affects patients’ quality of life, particularly regarding social functioning and psychological well-being. We will discuss the importance of body image change and stigmatization and outline the possible place of health psychological interventions. Drawing on the literature, we emphasize the importance of interventions to increase adherence and the need for complex treatment that includes health and psychological aspects.
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