Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika
Volume/Issue:
Volume 25: Issue 1
The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder and the acceptance of cosmetic surgery in a nonclinical sample of Hungarian adults
Authors:
Beáta Szászi Debreceni Egyetem, Humán Tudományok Doktori Iskola, Pszichológiai Program, Debrecen, Magyarország
Magyar Táncművészeti Egyetem, Pedagógiai és Pszichológiai Tanszék, Budapest, Magyarország

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https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8147-1577
and
Pál Szabó Debreceni Egyetem, Humán Tudományok Doktori Iskola, Pszichológiai Program, Debrecen, Magyarország
Debreceni Egyetem, Pszichológiai Intézet, Debrecen, Magyarország

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Pages:
69–84
Online Publication Date:
26 Apr 2024
Publication Date:
26 Apr 2024
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/0406.2024.00052
Keywords:
body dysmorphic disorder; body satisfaction; cosmetic surgery; Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire; Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale;
Keywords (Hungarian):
testdiszmorfiás zavar; testtel való elégedettség; kozmetikai sebészet; Testdiszmorfiás Zavar Kérdőív; Kozmetikai Sebészet Elfogadottsága Skála;
Open access

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a common, often undiagnosed, serious condition. The relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and cosmetic surgery is rather complex, as many patients with body dysmorphic disorder search for cosmetic solutions for the imagined defect in appearance. Aims: To assess the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder and its relationship to the acceptance and use of cosmetic services and body-related variables among Hungarian adults. Methods: Body weight and height, body satisfaction, health state, aesthetic intervention-related experiences, and plans were assessed by a self-report online questionnaire that included the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire and the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale. Six hundred three subjects (94% women, n = 567, 6% men, n = 36, age M = 40.16 years, SD = 13.32 years) joined the research on a social media platform. Results: The prevalence of BDD is 8.1% (n = 49), 8.1% (n = 46) in women, and 8.3% (n = 3) in men. The BDD-positive group had higher BMI (U = 9641.5, p = 0.028), more plastic surgeries (χ2(1) = 19.682 , p = 0.012), and more acceptance of cosmetic surgery (U = 6664, p < 0.001). The risk of BDD is significantly higher in those who have a lower education (OR = 0.424, p = 0.031), accept cosmetic surgery (OR = 1.031, p = 0.025), plan plastic surgery (OR = 0.351, p = 0.027) and are more dissatisfied with their body (OR = 0.397, p < 0.001). Consideration of cosmetic surgery (U = 7433, p = 0.006) and planning for future plastic surgeries χ2(1) = 7.943, p = 0.019) are more frequent in females. Sixty-six women (11.6%) have already had some intervention, 26.4% plan, and 10.4% probably plan cosmetic surgery, while these data are 11.1%, 8.3% and 5.6% in males. These symptoms occur more frequently among women according to Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire: avoidance behavior (33.9% vs. 16.7%, χ2(1) = 4.539, p = 0.033), significant mental suffering caused by the perceived flaw(s) (29.8% vs. 13.9%, χ2(1) = 4.178, p = 0.041). The Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale total score has a significant positive relationship with BDD caseness (β = 0.100, p = 0.011) and the number of blepharoplasties (β = 0.111, p = 0.005) and significant negative relationship with the planning of cosmetic surgery (β = –0.491, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder is high in this non-clinical, unselected Hungarian sample. The risk for body dysmorphic disorder is higher in those interested in cosmetic services; screening for this body image disorder is necessary.

Elméleti háttér: A testdiszmorfiás zavar gyakori, amit többnyire nem ismernek fel. A testdiszmorfiás zavar és a kozmetikai sebészet kapcsolata meglehetősen összetett, mivel sok páciens keres kozmetikai megoldást a külső megjelenésében észlelt probléma miatt. Célkitűzés: Felmérni a testdiszmorfiás zavar prevalenciáját, elemezni kapcsolatát a kozmetikai szolgáltatások elfogadottságával, igénybevételével, valamint a testtel összefüggő változókkal, magyar felnőttek körében. Módszerek: A testtömeget és -magasságot, a testtel való elégedettséget, az egészségi állapotot, az esztétikai beavatkozással kapcsolatos tapasztalatokat és terveket önkitöltő, online kérdőívvel vizsgáltuk, amely tartalmazta a Testdiszmorfiás Zavar Kérdőívet és a Kozmetikai Sebészet Elfogadottsága Skálát is. 567 személy (94% nő, 6% férfi; átlagéletkor = 40,16 év; SD = 13,32 év) töltötte ki a kérdőívet közösségimédia-felületen. Ered- mények: A testdiszmorfiás zavar prevalenciája 8,1% (n = 49) a teljes mintán, 8,1% (n = 46) a nőknél és 8,3% (n = 3) a férfiaknál. A testdiszmorfiás zavarban érintett csoportban magasabb a testtömegindex (U = 9641,5; p = 0,028), több plasztikai műtétet végeztek (χ2(1) = 19,682; p = 0,012), és jobban elfogadják a kozmetikai sebészetet (U = 6664; p < 0,001), mint a testdiszmorfiás zavartól mentes csoportban. A testdiszmorfiás zavar kockázata szignifikánsan nagyobb azoknál, akik alacsonyabb iskolai végzettségűek (OR = 0,424, p = 0,031), elfogadják a kozmetikai sebészetet (OR = 1,031, p = 0,025), tervezik a műtéti beavatkozásokat (OR = 0,351, p = 0,027) és elégedetlenebbek a testükkel (OR = 0,397, p < 0,001). A nők gyakrabban mérlegelik a kozmetikai sebészet lehetőségét (U = 7433; p = 0,006), és gyakrabban terveznek műtétet (χ2(1) = 7,943; p = 0,019), mint a férfiak. 66 nőnek (11,6%) már volt esztétikai beavatkozása, 26,4%-uk tervez, 10,4%-uk pedig valószínűleg tervez szépészeti műtétet, míg a férfiaknál alacsonyabbak ezek az értékek (a fenti sorrendben 11,1%; 8,3% és 5,6%). A Testdiszmorfiás Zavar Kérdőív alapján a következő tünetek szignifikánsan gyakoribbak nőknél, mint a férfiaknál: elkerülő magatartás (33,9% vs. 16,7%; χ2(1) = 4,539; p = 0,033), a megjelenés észlelt hibája által okozott jelentős lelki szenvedés (29,8% vs. 13,9%; χ2(1) = 4,178; p = 0,041). A Kozmetikai Sebészet Elfogadottsága Skála összpontszáma szignifikáns pozitív kapcsolatban van a BDD pozitivitással (β = 0,100; p = 0,011) és a szemhéjműtétek (β = 0,111; p = 0,005) számával, míg a műtétek tervezésével (β = –0,491; p < 0,001) szignifikáns negatív kapcsolatban áll. Következtetések: A testdiszmorfiás zavar prevalenciája meglepően magas ebben a véletlenszerűen kiválogatott nem-klinikai magyar felnőtt mintában. A kozmetikai szolgáltatások iránt érdeklődőknél nagyobb a testdiszmorfiás zavar kockázata, ezért szükséges náluk ennek a testképzavarnak a szűrése.

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Cover Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika
Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika
Print ISSN:
1419-8126
Online ISSN:
1786-3759

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Editor(s)-in-Chief: Adrienne STAUDER

Editor(s): Edit CZEGLÉDI

Editorial Board

  • László Csaba DÉGI (Babeş-Bolyai Tudományegyetem, Kolozsvár, Románia)
  • Zsolt DEMETROVICS (Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest)
  • Barna KONKOLŸ THEGE (Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, Canada)
  • Karolina KÓSA (University of Debrecen, Debrecen)
  • Márta NOVÁK (University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada)
  • Bettina PIKÓ (University of Szeged, Szeged)
  • József RÁCZ (Semmelweis University, Budapest; Eötvös University, Budapest)
  • István TIRINGER (University of Pécs, Pécs)

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Institute of Behavioural Sciences
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Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika
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