Karaim is often treated as an exceptional Kipchak Turkic tongue in which certain, otherwise widespread Turkic verbal constructions are not present. Philological discoveries of recent years show, however, that some of these categories did exist in Karaim. As a response to this issue, the present article documents the Western Karaim equivalent of the Tkc. -a jaz- approximative construction. It is based on 18th- and 19th-century Biblical texts which are then juxtaposed with both phonetically and morphologically atypical 20th-century data. This contribution is part of a series of works describing Karaim grammatical categories hitherto undocumented in the scholarly literature.
ADub.III.73 = A translation of the Torah, the Book of Ruth, the Book of Jeremiah, Ecclesiastes, and the Book of Esther into North-Western Karaim. The Torah was copied between 25 Mar 1720 and 31 May 1720, the other books were copied aft er 31 May 1720 and before 27 Mar 1723, in Kukizów by Simcha ben Chananel (died 27 Mar 1723). Stored in Warsaw in the private archive of the late Aleksander Dubiński (1924–2002). 385 folios. Critically edited in Németh (2021).
BSMS 288 = A translation of the Tanakh (without 1–2 Chronicles) into Eastern Karaim. Copied in four volumes in the 18th century. Volumes 1 and 4 (i.e., Pentateuch, The Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Daniel, Ezra and Nehemiah) were critically edited in Jankowski et al. (2019). Stored in the Cambridge University Library. 620 folios.
Gaster Hebrew MS 170 = An Eastern Karaim translation of a large portion of the Torah (Genesis 1:1–Deuteronomy 32:51) and the Book of Lamentations (4:11–5:22). Copied in the beginning of the 19th century. Stored in the John Rylands Library of The University of Manchester Library. Described by Jankowski (1997), its full text compared with BSMS 288 in Jankowski & Aqtay & Cegiołka & Çulha & Németh (2019). Full text available on-line at: https://luna.manchester.ac.uk/luna/servlet/s/a0jk2m (accessed 7 Apr 2020). 265 folios.
JSul.III.01 = A translation of the Torah and of some fragments of the books of Joshua, Judges, 1–2 Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, Joel, Obadiah, Micah, Habakkuk, and Zechariah (i.e., Torah and Haft arah) into South-Western Karaim. Copied by Jeshua Josef Mordkowicz (1802–1884) in Halych in the mid-19th century. Stored in Warsaw in the private archive of the late Józef Sulimowicz (1913–1973). 298 folios.
Mickiewicz, Zacharjasz [ץיוויכצימ הירכז] & Rojecki, Elijahu [יכצאור והילא] (transl.) 1889. ישמוח השמח רפס איסור תולילגב םירדה םיארקה תולהק יפב תלגרומה שדוק ארקמ ינבל ירדק ןושלל םגרותמ הרות. Хамиша хумше тора, т. е., Пятикнижие Ветхаго Завѣта, переведенное на караимское нарѣчіе посредствомъ Захарія Михайлова Мицкевича и Илья Исаева Роецкаго. Vilnius.
Sulimowicz (1969) = A notebook of Józef Sulimowicz (1913–1973) with notes in Polish on Karaim grammar and lexicography. Kept in the private archive of Józef Sulimowicz in Warsaw.
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TKow.01 = A translation of the Torah into North-Western Karaim. A partially vocalised manuscript mistakenly described by Kowalski (1929: 289) and Zajączkowski (1939: 94) as a manuscript created in 1723 in Derażne. Copied in Kukizów by Simcha ben Chananel (the copyist of ADub.III.73). It was finished on 7 December 1722 A.D. Kept in the private archive of Józef Sulimowicz in Warsaw. 351 folios.
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