The European urban areas are growing fast, with many contemporary housing forms. Among these, co-housing forms related to sharing have become a key issue for urban housing development. These housing forms are analysed (their physical and social characteristics or effects) in more and more publications, without a common terminology of this interdisciplinary research field. In our study, based on the overview of existing definitions, characteristics we introduce a comprehensive sharing based categorization that could be valuable for terms and projects, as well. With the note, that the social dimension of sharing methods would not exist without the physical ones, because in co-housing the shared space is the basic criteria. In this paper, we focus on three groups of the social fields of sharing related to housing: the shared creation, the shared tenure, and the shared activities. We conclude the structural approach of our overview unravels new perspectives for the classification of housing forms. Based on our categorization and methodology, we recommend the development of a sharing based scalable classification that measures projects consistent and comparable.
Összefoglaló. A városias, beépített területek aránya Európa szerte folyamatosan növekszik, ennek következtében kortárs városi lakhatási formák is teret nyernek. A megosztáshoz kötődő, úgynevezett co-housing formák a kortárs városi lakófejlesztések jelentős részét képzik. Éppen ezért egyre több elemzés és publikáció születik a témában (például a fizikai és társadalmi jellemzőikről vagy azok hatásairól), azonban a lakhatás kutatási területén nincs egyetértés a kifejezések és definíciók használatában. A következő tanulmányban egy, a lakhatási formákat megosztás alapján rendszerező kategorizáció kerül bemutatásra, melynek elméleti és gyakorlati haszna is lehet. A kategorizáció a meglévő kifejezésekre, definíciókra és jellemzőkre egyaránt épít. A co-housing lakhatás alapvető feltétele a – változó méretű és minőségű – megosztott tér, így a társadalmi dimenziók minden esetben kötődnek egy fajta tériséghez is. A lakhatási formákban jelenlévő társadalmi és fizikai dimenziók együttes vizsgálata nem képezi jelen kutatás tárgyát, a társadalmi típusúakra koncentrál: a megosztott létrehozásra, tulajdonlásra és a tevékenységekre. Megállapítható, hogy a kutatás során alkalmazott rendszerezett áttekintés új irányvonalakra mutatott rá a lakhatási formák osztályozásának területén. A tanulmányban tárgyalt megosztás-alapú kategorizálásra és módszertanra alapozva egy, a megosztásra épülő és skálázható osztályozás kidolgozása javasolt, melyben a projektek mérése és összehasonlítása egységes módon történhet.
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