The study is based on the re-combination or synthesis of international scientific literature, and the definition of the notions center, and sub-center. A conceptual-structural framework of socio-spatial characteristics of centers (and sub-centers) is set up, these factors are essential elements of making, maintaining, and rehabilitating a city: Market and Competition; Node and Pole; Faith; Power; Security; Mixture; and Identity. In an evaluation matrix, the meta-physical characteristics (that are the determining factors of the physical attributes) of these archetypes are drawn. Based on famous theorists, three types of city forms are distinguished: the “traditional / organic”, the “modern / planned”, and the “contemporary / disjointed” ones. We argue that the historical, theoretical-conceptual background of the triple division is comprehensible. However, this trichotomy lacks some essential elements, “measurable” aspects of city centers – outlined in our study –, which are important in contemporary urban processes and support more realistic urban planning.
Tanulmányunkban – nemzetközi szakirodalmi kutatás alapján – definiáljuk a központ és az alközpont fogalmakat. Meghatározzuk a központok (és az alközpontok) téri-társadalmi jellemzőinek konceptuális és strukturális keretrendszerét. Ezek az alkotóelemek – Piac és Verseny; Csomópont és Pólus; Hit; Hatalom; Biztonság; Vegyesség; Identitás – a város alapításának, fenntartásának és megújításának feltételei. Egy értékelő mátrix segítségével összegezzük ezen archetípusok metafizikai jellemzőit, és amellett érvelünk, hogy ezek determinálják a központok fizikai tulajdonságait. Elismert szerzőkre hivatkozva ismertetjük a legelfogadottabb városmodellek hármas felosztását: a hagyományos / organikus, a modern / tervezett és a kortárs / széttagolt tipológiát. Azt állítjuk, hogy a hármas felosztás történelmi, elméleti-konceptuális háttere megalapozott. Ugyanakkor ez a hármasság nem foglalja magában azokat a „mérhető” – a tanulmányban felvázolt – szempontokat, amelyek segítségével a valósághoz jobban közelítő, a tervezési gyakorlatban könnyebben alkalmazható központmodellek vázolhatók fel.
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