Scientia et Securitas
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 1

A genetikai adatok szerepe a járványok elleni küzdelemben

Authors:
Ágnes Becsei ELTE, Komplex Rendszerek Fizikája Tanszék, Budapest Magyarország; ELTE, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Budapest, Hungary

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Orsolya Anna Pipek ELTE, Komplex Rendszerek Fizikája Tanszék, Budapest Magyarország; ELTE, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Budapest, Hungary

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Péter Pollner MTA-ELTE, Statisztikus és Biológiai Fizika Kutatócsoport, Budapest, Magyarország; MTA-ELTE, Statistical and Biological Physics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
Semmelweis Egyetem, Egészségügyi Menedzserképző Központ, Budapest, Magyarország; Semmelweis University, Digital Health and Data Utilisation Team, Health Services Management Training Centre, Budapest, Hungary

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István Csabai ELTE, Komplex Rendszerek Fizikája Tanszék, Budapest Magyarország; ELTE, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Budapest, Hungary

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Pages:
12–16
Online Publication Date:
30 Jul 2021
Publication Date:
30 Jul 2021
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/112.2021.00006
Keywords:
VEO; genetic sequencing data; Nagoya protocol; GDPR
Open access

Összefoglaló. A COVID–19-járvány alatt bizonyossá vált, hogy az adattudományok, az adatok gyors megosztása és a nemzetközi összefogás a hatékony járványkezelés kulcsfontosságú eszközei. A járvány előtt létrejött Újonnan Felbukkanó fertőző betegségek Obszervatóriuma (Versatile Emerging infectious disease Observatory, VEO) nevű nemzetközi konzorcium célja egy olyan monitorozó rendszer kiépítése, amely a potenciálisan veszélyes kórokozókat még az előtt azonosítja, mielőtt azok tömeges megbetegedéseket okoznának, lehetőséget adva ezzel a gyors reagálásra. A járványok megelőzésére és kezelésére létrejött nemzetközi együttműködésekben, így a VEO-ban is a kórokozók, vagy a fertőzésnek kitett személyek genetikai szekvencia adatai kiemelkedő fontosságúak. Az ilyen típusú adatok kezelésével kapcsolatban az Európai Unióban többek között a Nagojai Jegyzőkönyv és a GDPR fogalmaz meg elveket, szabályokat.

Summary. Data science is proved to be a key tool in the fight against the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, but it requires a huge amount of data shared between international research groups. The Versatile Emerging infectious disease Observatory (VEO) EU collaboration was established to generate and distribute high quality data for an evidence-based early warning system for emerging infectious diseases. Through an iterative process between data scientists, disease experts, social scientists and citizen scientists, a collaborative platform will be created for storing, secure sharing and analyses of traditional and new data sources. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized genomic research. This versatile technology is broadly applicable to pathogens and human hosts. Rapid sharing of pathogen genetic resources, including physical samples of cultured pathogens and additionally genetic sequencing data of pathogens, is crucial in support of research and outbreak response. Access to genetic resources is regulated by the Nagoya protocol which is an internationally binding treaty to ensure equal sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. So far the Nagoya protocol has been applied only to biological samples, but digital data from genetic sequencing doesn’t necessarily fall under the treaty. Effects of diseases can differ based on genetic backgrounds, as certain gene variants may provide protection against or susceptibility to viral diseases. Human genomic data is an important resource for medical research. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) lists identifiable human genetic data as sensitive, which is a subset of personal data. Sharing and analysis of this kind of data are strictly regulated and they are also subject to ethical challenges. These concerns become less pronounced when analyzing environmental samples like sewage. Samples collected from wastewater treatment plants can be used as pooled samples, containing naturally anonymized genetic information of the human population, near the wastewater treatment plant.

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Cover Scientia et Securitas
Scientia et Securitas
Online ISSN:
2732-2688
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Editor-in-Chief:

  • Tamás NÉMETH

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  • István SABJANICS (Ministry of Interior, Budapest, Hungary)

Editorial Board:

  • Valéria CSÉPE (Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Brain Imaging Centre)
  • János JÓZSA (Budapest University of Technology and Economics)
  • Melinda KOVÁCS (Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE))
  • Miklós MARÓTH (Eötvös Loránd Research Network)
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  • Zoltán BIRKNER (National Research, Development and Innovation Office)
  • Tamás DEZSŐ (Migration Research Institute)
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  • Gábor KOVÁCS (University of Public Service)
  • József PALLO (University of Public Service)
  • Marcell Gyula GÁSPÁR (University of Miskolc)
  • Judit MÓGOR (Ministry of Interior National Directorate General for Disaster Management)
  • István SABJANICS (Ministry of Interior)
  • Péter SZABÓ (Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE))
  • Miklós SZÓCSKA (Semmelweis University)

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2020  
CrossRef Documents 13
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Scientia et Securitas
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