Scientia et Securitas
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 3
A magyar történelem jelentős alakjainak megjelenítése – A digitális arcrekonstrukcióban rejlő lehetőségek
Author:
Luca Kis Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Természettudományi és Informatikai Kar, Embertani Tanszék Szeged Magyarország; University of Szeged, Department of Biological Anthropology Szeged Hungary
Magyarságkutató Intézet, Archeogenetikai Kutatóközpont Budapest Magyarország; Institute of Hungarian Research, Department of Archaeogenetics Budapest Hungary

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-2854
Pages:
260–269
Online Publication Date:
06 Apr 2023
Publication Date:
06 Apr 2023
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/112.2022.00121
Keywords:
Royal basilic of Székesfehérvár; Saint Ladislaus; John Corvinus; Sárrétudvari–Poroshalom site;
Keywords (Hungarian):
székesfehérvári királyi bazilika; arcrekonstrukció; Szent László; Corvin János; Sárrétudvari–Poroshalom;
Open access

Összefoglalás.

Az archeogenetika dinamikus fejlődése Magyarországon új lehetőségeket nyitott az egykor élt népességek tanulmányozásában és személyazonosításában. A Magyarságkutató Intézet Archeogenetikai Kutatóközpontja célul tűzte ki magyar királyok és történelmi személyek azonosítását. Kutatásom témája, az archeogenetikai vizsgálatokkal összhangban, digitális arcrekonstrukciós technikával megjeleníteni a magyar történelem jelentős alakjainak arcát. Az arcrekonstrukció célja a lágyrészek visszaépítése a koponyára, annak jellegzetes vonásai és az anatómiai ismeretek alapján, amihez a genetikai adatok további, a fenotípusra vonatkozó információkat szolgáltathatnak. Dolgozatomban három olyan kiemelt jelentőségű esetet ismertetek, amelyek esetén a genetikai adatokra támaszkodva célom digitális arcrekonstrukciót készíteni.

Summary.

The dynamic development of archaeogenetic research in Hungary has given new opportunities in the study of past populations and personal identification. In an extensive research project, the Institute of Hungarian Research, Department of Archaeogenetics (IHR, DA) aimed to identify the lost remains of Hungarian kings and nobles. Related to this research project, I started a new investigation based on facial reconstruction techniques to visualize the genetically examined and identified important figures from Hungarian history. During this process, the face of an individual is built onto the skull based on unique morphological characteristics and anatomical knowledge. Besides, archaeogenetic data provide additional information concerning phenotypic characters that could not have been detectable on the bones.

In Hungary, most of the reconstructions were made with sculptural techniques. However, the development of IT tools has opened new perspectives, and the use of digital sculptural methods is spreading as they have several advantages compared to traditional sculptures (e.g., easier checking, corrections, and more effective reproducibility).

During my research, I had the opportunity to work with several remarkable cases I will visualize with the digital facial reconstruction technique. In this study, three of these cases will be introduced that represent the three main target groups of the investigation: kings, significant historical figures, and prominent cases of Hungarian archaeological and anthropological research.

The subject of the first case is the skull held in the Saint Ladislaus herm in Győr. In 2022, during the re-examination of the supposed skull of the Saint and Knight king, Ladislaus I, the genetic team of the IHR DA sampled the cranium and successfully verified its originality. The results highlighted the importance of creating a new reconstruction, as genetic data contains unique information concerning the appearance of the king.

In the second part, I introduce my results on the anthropological analysis of the supposed skeletal remains of John and Christopher Corvinus held at Lepoglava, Croatia. The anthropological data (age-at-death, sex, and pathological conditions) and the written sources certify that the skeletons belonged to the son and grandson of the great Hungarian king, Mathias (Hunyadi) I. Therefore, digital reconstruction can be conducted after the genetic analysis.

The third case is a high-ranked individual from the rich burial No. 1 of the 10th-century-CE cemetery of Sárrétudvari–Poroshalom. On the top of the skull, traces of an unfinished surgical trepanation were observed with a weapon-induced injury in the middle.

No similar phenomenon has been published until now; and thus, this case reveals rare information concerning past medicine.

The genetic analysis and reconstruction of this unique case provide valuable information about the Hungarian Conquest Period.

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Scientia et Securitas
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