Linear gradient HPLC on a C8 column has been used for separation of individual related substances of amoxicillin listed in the European Pharmacopoeia and a newly identified degradation impurity. The USP plate count for the amoxicillin peak was more than 3000 and USP tailing for the same peak was less than 2.0. Forced degradation studies were conducted on amoxicillin drug substance using ICH stress study guidelines to demonstrate the specificity and stability-indicating nature of the method. A new impurity observed after thermal and alkaline degradation was identified as N-pivaloylamoxicillin. The LOD and LOQ for individual related substances were below 0.045 and 0.086% (w/w), respectively. The method was fully validated in accordance with ICH analytical method validation guidelines. The results of the study prove the method is specific, precise, linear, robust, and can be used for evaluation of the stability of amoxicillin drug substance.
[1]. C. Dollery , Therapeutic Drugs, 2nd edn, 1998, pp, A162–A165.
[2]. Martindale, The complete drug reference, 33rd edn, 2002, pp, 149–150.
[3]. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn, Conseil de Europe, Strasbourg, 2007, pp. 1184–1187.
[4]. USP 28/NF 23 2005 The United States Pharmacopeial Convention 23rd edn United States Pharmacopeial Convention Rockville 143–144.
[5]. Z. Yongxin E. Roets M.L. Moreno J.E. Porqueras J. Hoogmartens 1996 J. Liq. Chromatogr. Related Technol. 19 1893.
[6]. R. Mendz M.T. Alemany C. Jurado J. Martin 1989 Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 15 1263.
[7]. E. Naegele R. Moritz 2005 LC-GC Europe 18 Suppl. 7.
[8]. S. Tangadurai S. K. Shukla Y. Anjaneulu 2002 Anal. Sci. 18 97.
[9]. P. De Pourcq J. Hoebus E. Roets J. Hoogmartens H. Vanderhaeghe 1985 J. Chromatogr. 321 441.
[10]. K.S. El Sayed M.E. Younis A.A. El-Shanawany Zagazig 1998 J. Pharm. Sci. 7 38.
[11]. Ch.S. Gau Y.Y. Ching W.H. Hang 1995 Chin. Pharm. J. 47 157.
[12]. J.R.T. Grau A.D.P. Carrascosa R.S. Macian 1988 J. Cemeli. Pons. Cir. Farm. 46 79.
[13]. Q. Meiling W. Peng S. Yuying W. Yun 2003 J. Liq. Chromatogr. Related Technol. 26 1927.
[14]. S.S. Zarapkar S.S. Kolter N.P. Bhandari 1998 Indian Drugs 35 107.
[15]. S.S. Zarapkar U.P. Halkar S.H. Rane 1999 Indian Drugs 36 181.
[16]. G. Tharakan A. Prakash S. Tyagi A. Bhatnagar 1994 Indian Drugs 31 382.
[17]. M. Dousa R. Hosmanova 2005 J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 37 373.
[18]. P. Perez-Lozano E. Garcia-Montoya A. Orriols M. Minarro J.R. Tico J.M. Sune-Negre 2006 J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 42 192.
[19]. J. Hoogmartens E. Roets G. Janssen H. Vanderhaeghe 1982 J. Chromatogr. 244 299.
[20]. G.W.K. Fong R.N. Johnson B.T. Kho 1983 J. Chromatogr. 255 199.
[21]. A.E. Bird E.A. Cutmore K.R. Jennings A.C. Marshall 1983 J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 35 138.
[22]. M.G.D. Angeli G. Mercandalli F. Miroja S. Tedeschi E. Cingolani 1980 Farmaco Ed. Pr. 35 100.
[23]. G.W.K. Fong D.T. Martin R.N. Johnson B.T. Kho 1984 J. Chromatogr. 298 459.
[24]. L. Valvo E. Ciranni R. Alimenti S. Alimonti R. Draisci L. Giannetti L. Lucentini 1998 J. Chromatogr. A 797 311.
[25]. Ch.B.V.N. Raju , H.K. Sharma, Ch.S. Rao, and G.N. Rao, Anal. Chem. Indian J. (in press).
[26]. ICH stability testing of new drug substances and products (Q1AR2), International Conference on Harmonization, IFPMA, Geneva, 2003.
[27]. ICH Draft Guidelines on Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and methodology (Q2R1), IFPMA, Switzerland, 1995.