Acta Chromatographica
Volume/Issue:
Volume 30: Issue 3
Development and validation of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of zinc pyrithione and pyrithione in shampoos
Authors:
T. H. Kim Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang-ro 22, Shinchang-myun, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea

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G. H. Jung Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea

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E. H. Lee Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea

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H. R. Park Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea

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J. K. Lee Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea

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H. G. Kim Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea

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Pages:
200–205
Online Publication Date:
Sep 2018
Publication Date:
01 Sep 2018
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/1326.2017.00294
Open access

A simple, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) and pyrithione (PT) in shampoos. The method consisted of a liquid–liquid extraction for sample preparation. The mass spectrometer was operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via the positive electrospray ionization interface. A linear regression (weighted 1/x) was used to fit calibration curves over the concentration range of 50–2000 ng/mL for both ZnPT and PT. Excellent linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9996) was achieved for all. The method was validated and found to be accurate (95.9–108.2% for ZnPT and 94.9–110.4% for PT), precise, and selective. Analytes in shampoos were found to be stable in the autosampler (6 °C for 6 h), in room temperature (for 6 h), and after three freeze–thaw cycles, and recovery of analytes was reproducible (90.8–94.6% for ZnPT and 90.2–96.3% for PT).

Abstract

A simple, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) and pyrithione (PT) in shampoos. The method consisted of a liquid–liquid extraction for sample preparation. The mass spectrometer was operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via the positive electrospray ionization interface. A linear regression (weighted 1/x) was used to fit calibration curves over the concentration range of 50–2000 ng/mL for both ZnPT and PT. Excellent linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9996) was achieved for all. The method was validated and found to be accurate (95.9–108.2% for ZnPT and 94.9–110.4% for PT), precise, and selective. Analytes in shampoos were found to be stable in the autosampler (6 °C for 6 h), in room temperature (for 6 h), and after three freeze–thaw cycles, and recovery of analytes was reproducible (90.8–94.6% for ZnPT and 90.2–96.3% for PT).

Introduction

Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is a coordination complex of zinc with the chemical formula C10H8N2O2S2Zn, resulting from combination of 2-mercaptopyridine-1-oxide with zinc (II) (Figure 1). It is also known as zinc pyridinethione, bis(2-pyridylthio) zinc, 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide zinc salt, and under the commercial names of Danex, De-Squaman, Zinc Omadine, and Vancide ZP, which has been widely used as a bactericide, fungicide, algicide, and even an antidandruff agent. ZnPT can transform into copper pyrithione (CuPT) by transchelation with copper ion in the laboratory and under natural conditions [1, 2]. The environmental toxicity of ZnPT or CuPT and their degradation products on microalgae, macrophytes, crustaceans, fish, sea urchin, and other organism have been studied [3–13]. ZnPT causes morphological abnormality in both killifish and zebrafish [5]. CuPT causes skeletal deformity in the fish Fundulus heteroclitus [9]. The toxicity of ZnPT after subchronic oral dosing has been studied in several animal species. Dogs dosed with ZnPT 6–12 mg/kg/day for 6 days show ocular lesions involving the tapetum lucidum [14, 15]. Rats fed with a diet containing 250 ppm ZnPT for 10 days showed locomotor abnormalities accompanied by muscle atrophy [16]. Rabbits dosed with ZnPT 17 mg/kg/day for 14 days developed hind-limb weakness that is associated with a dying-back neuropathy [17].

Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Structure of zinc pyrithione (A) and pyrithione (B)

Citation: Acta Chromatographica Acta Chromatographica 30, 3; 10.1556/1326.2017.00294

Based on its toxicity, ZnPT is allowed in a concentration of 1% for preservative purposes in cosmetic rinse-off hair care products and 2% for rinse-off antidandruff hair care products in the European Union (EU) [18]. Approximately 28% of the shampoos in circulation on the market in 2013 have been reported to contain ZnPT and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) together. EDTA will chelate the zinc from ZnPT and dissociate ZnPT into anion of pyrithione (Figure 2). This decomposition is speculated to increase the absorption of pyrithione anion and hence increase concerns about resulting toxicity. ZnPT has been reported to demonstrate low penetration, whereas sodium pyrithione (NaPT) with high water solubility was shown that it can be absorbed through skin in much greater amounts [19]. As a result, NaPT was designated as a prohibited ingredient in shampoo formulation. However, the current situation has been left without any criteria with respect to the formulation of ZnPT and EDTA.

Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Reaction of ZnPT and EDTA

Citation: Acta Chromatographica Acta Chromatographica 30, 3; 10.1556/1326.2017.00294

There are many analytical methods for the determination of ZnPT in shampoos, environmental, and biological matrices [20–25]. However, chromatographic techniques for ZnPT and PT determination are rare, although the use of electrochemical techniques such as polarography, voltammetry, and amperometry have been investigated [26–30]. It has been analyzed by the way of radio-labeling, derivatization with fluorescing group, or transchelation to Cu (II) complex. However a direct, simple, and simultaneous analysis method for ZnPT and pyrithione (PT) is still lacking. Therefore, we attempted to develop and validate a sensitive and specific analytical method for the simultaneous determination of ZnPT and PT in shampoos using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).

Experimental

Chemicals and Reagents

Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT), pyrithione (PT), internal standard (IS), d3-5-nitro-5′-hydroxy-indirubin-3′-oxime (d3-AGM-130), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), formic acid, and ammonium acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Corporation (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol (MeOH), chloroform, and water were purchased from Burdick and Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). All other chemicals and reagents were analytical grade and used without further purification.

Preparation of Shampoos, Standards, and Quality Control Samples

The shampoo formulations were prepared by adding ZnPT and EDTA in commercial shampoo product (Head & Shoulder, USA) to yield a final concentration of 5% ZnPT with and without 10% EDTA. The shampoo formulations were mixed thoroughly and then diluted 5 times with distilled water. The final diluted shampoo formulations (1% ZnPT with and without 2% EDTA) were used in experiments.

The stock solutions of ZnPT, PT, and IS (d3-AGM-130) were prepared separately by dissolving them in chloroform–MeOH (2:1, v/v) to yield a final concentration of 1 mg/mL. The stock solutions were then diluted with methanol to yield standard working solutions of 50 to 2000 ng/mL for ZnPT and PT. A working solution of the IS was prepared by diluting IS stock solution with methanol to yield a final concentration of 5 μg/mL. These diluted working standard solutions were used to prepare the calibration curve and quality control (QC) samples.

Calibration standard and QC samples were prepared by spiking the blank shampoo with working solutions of each analyte to yield seven different concentrations over a range of 50–2000 ng/mL for ZnPT and PT. For QC samples, three concentration levels of standard samples (100, 500, and 1600 ng/mL) were prepared. All solutions were stored at −20 °C.

Sample Preparation

A volume of 5 μL IS (5 μg/mL) and chloroform–MeOH (2:1, v/v) (150 μL) were added to the calibration standards, QC, and shampoo samples (50 μL), and then the mixture were vortex-mixed for 1 min. After centrifugation at 4 °C, 13,000 rpm for 5 min, the chloroform layers (50 μL) were diluted with MeOH (50 μL). The processed samples (5 μL) were analyzed by LC–MS/MS system.

Chromatographic Conditions

The liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry system consisted of an Agilent 1290 series rapid resolution LC System and triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer (4000 Q-Trap) (AB Sciex, Foster City, CA, USA). The analytical column used for this assay was a Gemini C18 column (100 × 3.0 mm, 3 μm, Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) protected by a Security Guard column (4 mm × 3 mm, Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA). The mobile phase consisted of deionized water with 20 mM ammonium acetate and methanol with 0.1% formic acid (10:90, v/v). The flow rate was set at 0.35 mL/min, and the injection volume was set at 5 μL.

The Q-Trap mass spectrometer was operated in the positive ion mode using an electrospray ionization source. High purity nitrogen gas was used for the nebulizer and curtain gases. The source temperature was set at 400 °C with a curtain gas flow of 50 L/min. The ion spray voltage was set at 5500 V, and the collision energy was 20 and 15 V for ZnPT and PT, respectively. The following multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions of the respective [M + H]+ ions were used to quantify ZnPT and PT: ZnPT, m/z 317 → 190; PT, m/z 128 → 110; and d3-AGM-130 (IS), m/z 342 → 279. The dwell time for each transition was 150 ms. Analyst software 1.6 was used to optimize the MS parameters, data acquisition, and data processing.

Validation and Sample Analysis Procedure

The validation was carried out according to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance for industry on bioanalytical method validation guidance [31]. Accuracy and precision were determined by quantification of the QC samples at four concentrations (LLOQ, low, mid, and high concentrations). Intra-day variability was determined by analyzing the QC samples three times using the same calibration curve. Inter-day variability was determined by analyzing the QC samples on three different days using calibration curves constructed on the respective days. Accuracy was calculated as the relative difference between calculated and nominal concentration of the QC samples (bias, %), and precision was expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD). The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision should be within ±15% except at LLOQ, which was set at within ±20%. The stability and recovery were evaluated at low, mid, and high concentrations (n = 3 at each concentration).

Results and Discussion

Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Optimization

In this study, several conventional solvents such as methanol, acetonitrile, ethanol, and acetone were evaluated for method development. Even with 90% methanol, the peak appeared at the solvent front with tailing. Addition of 20 mM ammonium acetate to the eluent was found to eliminate this problem. The best peak shape and retention time for ZnPT and PT were observed using methanol (containing 0.1% formic acid)/water (containing 20 mM ammonium acetate) (90:10, v/v) as the eluent. Chloroform, chloroform–methanol, ethyl acetate, and methyl-tert-butyl-ether were evaluated as extraction solvents for liquid–liquid extraction during method development. Among them, chloroform–methanol (2:1, v/v) was found to give the best extraction efficiency with less interference and faster sample preparation time.

The analytes were then separated on the C18 column within 2 min using isocratic elution. The collision energy and source temperature were carefully optimized for analytes and IS to produce the highest response in the detector. Product ion mass spectra of analytes are shown in Figures 3 and 4. Retention times, collision energy, gas pressure, and MRM transitions for the analytes and IS are shown in Table 1. All analytes formed protonated molecules of [M + H]+ when the mass spectrometer was operated under positive ionization mode. Dissociation was allowed to occur completely at 400 °C, and quantification of ZnPT, PT, and IS was carried out using MRM of m/z 317 → 190, 128 → 110, and 342 → 279, respectively.

Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Product ion mass spectrum of ZnPT

Citation: Acta Chromatographica Acta Chromatographica 30, 3; 10.1556/1326.2017.00294

Figure 4.
Figure 4.

Product ion mass spectrum of PT

Citation: Acta Chromatographica Acta Chromatographica 30, 3; 10.1556/1326.2017.00294

Table 1.

MS/MS conditions for zinc pyrithione (ZnPT), pyrithione (PT), and IS (d3-AGM-130)
Parameters ZnPT PT IS (d3-AGM-130)
Mass transition 317 → 190 128 → 110 342 → 279
Collision energy (ev) 20 15 37
Retention time (min) 0.90 0.67 0.64
Curtain gas (psi) 50
Collision gas (psi) 5
Source temperature (°C) 400

Method Validation

Calibration curves were plotted based on the response ratio of analyte to internal standard versus the concentration of analyte. The calibration curve ranged from 50 to 2000 ng/mL for ZnPT and PT and exhibited excellent linearity with r2 > 0.9996 using weighting of 1/x. Representative chromatograms of the calibration standards at the lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs) (signal-to-noise ratio, >10) are shown in Figures 5 and 6.

Figure 5.
Figure 5.

Representative chromatograms for ZnPT (left for ZnPT; right for IS) at double blank (A), blank sample (B), LLOQ (50 ng/mL, C), and HLOQ (2000 ng/mL, D) in shampoo solution

Citation: Acta Chromatographica Acta Chromatographica 30, 3; 10.1556/1326.2017.00294

Figure 6.
Figure 6.

Representative chromatograms for PT (left for PT; right for IS) at double blank (A), blank sample (B), LLOQ (100 ng/mL, C), and HLOQ (2000 ng/mL, D) in shampoo solution

Citation: Acta Chromatographica Acta Chromatographica 30, 3; 10.1556/1326.2017.00294

The intra- and inter-day accuracy as well as precision values of the method were assessed using spiked shampoo samples at concentrations of 50, 100, 500, and 1600 ng/mL for ZnPT and PT. The intra- and inter-day accuracy values (%) were in the range of 95.9–108.2% for ZnPT and 94.9–110.4% for PT. The intra- and inter-day precision values (CV, %) were in the range of 1.8–10.5% for ZnPT and 0.8–13.9% for PT (Table 2). These data have met the requirement of the FDA guidance, and the developed method was shown to be accurate and reproducible in the simultaneous analysis of ZnPT and PT.

Table 2.

Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision of ZnPT and PT in LLOQ and QC samples
Concentration (ng/mL) Intra-day (n = 3) Inter-day (n = 3)
Accuracy (bias, %) Precision (CV, %) Accuracy (bias, %) Precision (CV, %)
ZnPT 50 96.4 10.5 101.2 10.1
100 101.9 3.7 108.2 2.4
500 104.7 2.5 95.9 2.0
1600 103.4 2.3 106.3 1.8
PT 50 107.3 13.9 110.4 12.5
100 94.9 4.6 103.1 6.7
500 102.4 0.8 97.3 2.3
1600 107.6 3.4 105.5 1.4

The developed method is specific and highly selective because no coeluting peaks were found in the drug-free shampoos (Figures 5 and 6). Recovery was determined by comparing the mean peak areas of low, mid, and high QC samples (processed) with the mean peak areas of extracted blank samples spiked with solution containing analyte and IS at concentrations representing 100% recovery (unprocessed). Recovery of ZnPT in the low, mid, and high QC samples was 93.9%, 90.8%, and 94.6%, respectively, and recovery of PT was 93.4%, 90.2%, and 96.3%, respectively (Table 3). The results show that the liquid–liquid extraction method is efficient.

Table 3.

Recovery of ZnPT and PT in QC samples
QC samples (ng/mL) Recovery (n = 3)
Mean (%) CV (%)
ZnPT 100 93.9 12.0
500 90.8 4.3
1600 94.6 8.2
PT 100 93.4 13.3
500 90.2 4.1
1600 96.3 4.5

Stability assessments were carried out to demonstrate that ZnPT and PT were stable under typical sample storage and processing conditions. The stability experiments for shampoos were performed using QC samples (n = 3) at the low, mid, and high QC levels. ZnPT and PT in shampoos were stable at room temperature for 6 h, at autosampler tray (4 °C) for 6 h, and through three freeze–thaw cycles (Table 4).

Table 4.

Stability of ZnPT and PT in QC samples (n = 3)
QC samples (ng/mL) Autosampler (4 °C, 6 h) RT (6 h) Freeze–thaw (−20 °C, 3 cycles)
Mean (%) CV (%) Mean (%) CV (%) Mean (%) CV (%)
ZnPT 100 104.8 5.9 97.7 7.6 102.3 0.6
500 102.7 3.5 94.4 3.5 105.3 2.9
1600 103.6 1.4 104.4 2.3 96.5 1.7
PT 100 102.3 8.0 105.2 3.8 97.5 6.0
500 106.9 4.9 98.8 5.1 93.7 3.8
1600 96.4 2.6 97.3 2.0 103.4 1.8

Application of Methods

The validated LC–MS/MS method was successfully applied to the ZnPT shampoo samples with and without EDTA. The results are given in Table 5.

Table 5.

Analysis results of ZnPT and PT in 1% of zinc pyrithione shampoo samples
Without EDTA With EDTA
ZnPT (μg/mL) 9790 5820
PT (μg/mL) 1 1730

Conclusions

A rapid, precise, and accurate liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ZnPT and PT in shampoos. The calibration curve showed goodness of fit over varying concentrations that ranged from 50 to 2000 ng/mL for ZnPT and PT. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision for calibration standards and QC samples met the suggested industry and regulatory acceptance criteria. ZnPT and PT were stable in shampoos and extracts under the storage and test conditions used for this study. This liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry method is very sensitive, selective, accurate, and reproducible for the determination of ZnPT and PT concentration in shampoos.

The simultaneous assay of ZnPT and PT from the ZnPT shampoos with and without EDTA has been applied successfully for the formulation analysis. There might be increased risk of absorbed PT toxicity of ZnPT containing shampoo by the addition of EDTA due to partial dissociation of ZnPT into PT. Therefore, this developed method should be adopted for the potential risk assessment of dissociated PT from the ZnPT and EDTA containing shampoos.

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  • 1.

    Grunnet, K. S.; Dahllof, I. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2005, 24, 3001.

  • 2.

    Thoma, K. V. J. Chromatogr. A 1999, 833, 105.

  • 3.

    Bao, V. W. W.; Leung, K. M. Y.; Kwok, K. W. H.; Zhang, A. Q.; Lui, G. C. S. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2008, 57, 616.

  • 4.

    Bellas, J.; Granmo, A.; Beiras, R. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2005, 50, 1382.

  • 5.

    Goka, K. Environ. Res. 1999, 81, 81.

  • 6.

    Kobayashi, N.; Okamura, H. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2002, 44, 748.

  • 7.

    Koutsaftis, A.; Aoyama, I. Environ. Toxicol. 2006, 21, 432.

  • 8.

    Mochida, K.; Ito, K.; Harino, H.; Kakuno, A.; Fujii, K. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2006, 25, 3058.

  • 9.

    Mochida, K.; Ito, K.; Harino, H.; Onduka, T.; Kakuno, A.; Fujii, K. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2008, 27, 367.

  • 10.

    Mochida, K.; Ito, K.; Harino, H.; Tanaka, H.; Onduka, T.; Kakuno, A.; Fujii, K. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 2009, 149, 624.

  • 11.

    Mochida, K.; Amano, H.; Onduka, T.; Kakuno, A.; Fujii, K. Chemosphere 2011, 82, 390.

  • 12.

    Onduka, T.; Mochida, K.; Harino, H.; Ito, K.; Kakuno, A.; Fujii, K. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2010, 58, 991.

  • 13.

    Okamura, H.; Watanabe, T.; Aoyama, I.; Hasobe, M. Chemosphere 2002, 46, 945.

  • 14.

    Cloyd, G. G.; Wyman, M.; Shadduck, J. A.; Winrow, M. J.; Johnson, G. R. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1978, 45, 771.

  • 15.

    Snyder, F. H.; Buehler, E. V.; Winek, C. L. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1965, 7, 425.

  • 16.

    Snyder, D. R.; Gralla, E. J.; Coleman, G. L. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 1977, 15, 43.

  • 17.

    Sahenk, Z.; Mendell, J. R. Neurology 1977, 27, 393.

  • 18.

    Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), Opinion on Zinc Pyrithione (Colipa P81) 2014.

  • 19.

    Howes, D.; Black, J. G. Toxicol. 1975, 5, 209.

  • 20.

    Gibson, W. B.; Jeffcoat, A. R.; Turan, T. S.; Wendt, R. H.; Hughes, P. F.; Twine, M. E. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1982, 62, 237.

  • 21.

    Kabacoff, B. L.; Fairchild, C. M. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 1975, 26, 453.

  • 22.

    Voulvoulis, N.; Scrimshaw, M. D.; Lester, J. N. Chemosphere 1999, 38, 3503.

  • 23.

    Yamaguchi, Y.; Kumakura, A.; Sugasawa, S.; Harino, H.; Yamada, Y.; Shibata, K.; Senda, T. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2006, 86, 83.

  • 24.

    Gu, Y. X.; Wang, Q. H.; Zhou, Z. L.; Lv, Q.; Mai, C. H. J. Cosmet. Sci. 2014, 65, 265.

  • 25.

    Chen, G.; Miao, M.; Hoptroff, M.; Fei, X.; Collins, L. Z.; Jones, A.; Janssen, H. G. J. Chromatogr. B 2015, 1003, 22.

  • 26.

    Krivis, A. F.; Gazda, E. S.; Supp, G. R.; Robinson, M. A. Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 966.

  • 27.

    Wang, L. H. Electroanalysis 2000, 12, 227.

  • 28.

    Mackie, D. S.; van den Berg, C. M. G.; Readman, J. W. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2004, 511, 47.

  • 29.

    Montoya, M. R.; Galvin, R. M.; Mellado, J. M. R. Electroanalysis 1998, 10, 1030.

  • 30.

    Shih, Y.; Zen, J. M.; Kumar, A. S.; Chen, P. Y. Talanta 2004, 62, 912.

  • 31.

    Guidance for Industry, Bioanalytical Method Validation, US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) May 2001.

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Senior editors

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kowalska, Teresa (1946-2023)

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sajewicz, Mieczyslaw

Editors(s)

  • Danica Agbaba (University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia)
  • Łukasz Komsta (Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland)
  • Ivana Stanimirova-Daszykowska (University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland)
  • Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos (Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland)

Editorial Board

  • R. Bhushan (The Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India)
  • J. Bojarski (Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland)
  • B. Chankvetadze (State University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia)
  • M. Daszykowski (University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland)
  • T.H. Dzido (Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland)
  • A. Felinger (University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary)
  • K. Glowniak (Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland)
  • B. Glód (Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland)
  • A. Gumieniczek (Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland)
  • U. Hubicka (Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland)
  • K. Kaczmarski (Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland)
  • H. Kalász (Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary)
  • K. Karljiković Rajić (University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia)
  • I. Klebovich (Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary)
  • A. Koch (Private Pharmacy, Hamburg, Germany)
  • P. Kus (Univerity of Silesia, Katowice, Poland)
  • D. Mangelings (Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium)
  • E. Mincsovics (Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary)
  • Á. M. Móricz (Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary)
  • G. Morlock (Giessen University, Giessen, Germany)
  • A. Petruczynik (Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland)
  • R. Skibiński (Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland)
  • B. Spangenberg (Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany)
  • T. Tuzimski (Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland)
  • Y. Vander Heyden (Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium)
  • A. Voelkel (Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland)
  • B. Walczak (University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland)
  • W. Wasiak (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland)
  • I.G. Zenkevich (St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)

 

KOWALSKA, TERESA (1946-2023)
E-mail: kowalska@us.edu.pl

SAJEWICZ, MIECZYSLAW
E-mail:msajewic@us.edu.pl

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2022  
Web of Science  
Total Cites
WoS		 647
Journal Impact Factor 1.9
Rank by Impact Factor

Chemistry, Analytical (Q3)
Impact Factor
without
Journal Self Cites		 1.9
5 Year
Impact Factor		 1.4
Journal Citation Indicator 0.41
Rank by Journal Citation Indicator

Chemistry, Analytical (Q3)
Scimago  
Scimago
H-index		 29
Scimago
Journal Rank		 0.28
Scimago Quartile Score

Chemistry (miscellaneous) (Q3)
Scopus  
Scopus
Cite Score		 3.1
Scopus
CIte Score Rank		 General Chemistry 211/407 (48th PCTL)
Scopus
SNIP		 0.549

2021  
Web of Science  
Total Cites
WoS		 652
Journal Impact Factor 2,011
Rank by Impact Factor Chemistry, Analytical 66/87
Impact Factor
without
Journal Self Cites		 1,789
5 Year
Impact Factor		 1,350
Journal Citation Indicator 0,40
Rank by Journal Citation Indicator Chemistry, Analytical 72/99
Scimago  
Scimago
H-index		 29
Scimago
Journal Rank		 0,27
Scimago Quartile Score Chemistry (miscellaneous) (Q3)
Scopus  
Scopus
Cite Score		 2,8
Scopus
CIte Score Rank		 General Chemistry 210/409 (Q3)
Scopus
SNIP		 0,586

2020
 
Total Cites
650
WoS
Journal
Impact Factor
1,639
Rank by
Chemistry, Analytical 71/83 (Q4)
Impact Factor
 
Impact Factor
1,412
without
Journal Self Cites
5 Year
1,301
Impact Factor
Journal
0,34
Citation Indicator
 
Rank by Journal
Chemistry, Analytical 75/93 (Q4)
Citation Indicator
 
Citable
45
Items
Total
43
Articles
Total
2
Reviews
Scimago
28
H-index
Scimago
0,316
Journal Rank
Scimago
Chemistry (miscellaneous) Q3
Quartile Score
 
Scopus
393/181=2,2
Scite Score
 
Scopus
General Chemistry 215/398 (Q3)
Scite Score Rank
 
Scopus
0,560
SNIP
 
Days from
58
submission
 
to acceptance
 
Days from
68
acceptance
 
to publication
 
Acceptance
51%
Rate

2019  
Total Cites
WoS		 495
Impact Factor 1,418
Impact Factor
without
Journal Self Cites		 1,374
5 Year
Impact Factor		 0,936
Immediacy
Index		 0,460
Citable
Items		 50
Total
Articles		 50
Total
Reviews		 0
Cited
Half-Life		 6,2
Citing
Half-Life		 8,3
Eigenfactor
Score		 0,00048
Article Influence
Score		 0,164
% Articles
in
Citable Items		 100,00
Normalized
Eigenfactor		 0,05895
Average
IF
Percentile		 20,349
Scimago
H-index		 26
Scimago
Journal Rank		 0,255
Scopus
Scite Score		 226/167=1,4
Scopus
Scite Score Rank		 Chemistry (miscellaneous) 240/398 (Q3)
Scopus
SNIP		 0,494
Acceptance
Rate		 41%

 

Acta Chromatographica
Publication Model Online only
Gold Open Access
Submission Fee none
Article Processing Charge 400 EUR/article
Regional discounts on country of the funding agency World Bank Lower-middle-income economies: 50%
World Bank Low-income economies: 100%
Further Discounts Editorial Board / Advisory Board members: 50%
Corresponding authors, affiliated to an EISZ member institution subscribing to the journal package of Akadémiai Kiadó: 100%
Subscription Information Gold Open Access
Purchase per Title  

Acta Chromatographica
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation		 1988
Volumes
per Year		 1
Issues
per Year		 4
Founder Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia
Founder's
Address		 PL-40-007 Katowice, Poland, Bankowa 12
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible
Publisher		 Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 2083-5736 (Online)

Monthly Content Usage

Abstract Views Full Text Views PDF Downloads
Jun 2023 0 29 28
Jul 2023 0 33 48
Aug 2023 0 30 15
Sep 2023 0 22 18
Oct 2023 0 47 48
Nov 2023 0 48 34
Dec 2023 0 0 1