A new species, Hyalesthes (Homalesthes) sagittus sp. n., of the family Cixiidae (Cixiinae, Pentastirini) is described from the Krasnodar Territory. The new species belongs to the Hyalesthes productus species group known from the Western Mediterranean and the Middle East. Natural disjunctive Western Mediterranean – Caucasian distribution as well as unintentional introduction of Auchenorrhyncha taxa are discussed.
Abstract
A new species, Hyalesthes (Homalesthes) sagittus sp. n., of the family Cixiidae (Cixiinae, Pentastirini) is described from the Krasnodar Territory. The new species belongs to the Hyalesthes productus species group known from the Western Mediterranean and the Middle East. Natural disjunctive Western Mediterranean – Caucasian distribution as well as unintentional introduction of Auchenorrhyncha taxa are discussed.
Introduction
As a result of Auchenorrhyncha monitoring in vineyards of Krasnodar Territory, a male of a new species of the genus HyalesthesSignoret, 1865 was collected by glue trap on the Black sea coast near to Dzhankhot village, SE to Gelendzhik (Fig. 1). Currently, the genus Hyalesthes comprises 30 species in modern fauna distributed in the Western Palaearctic region sensuEmeljanov (1974) (Bourgoin 2024). Based on the elongate coryphe and the structure of male genitalia (number, length and shape of the phallobase processes, shape of style, and pygofer with differently shaped processes on hind margins) the new species belongs to Hyalesthes productus group of species sensuHoch and Remane (1985) of the subgenus HomalesthesEmeljanov, 2015 based on the carination of head (Emeljanov 2015). This group of species includes six taxa known from the Canary Islands, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Iraq (Hoch 1986, Remane and Hoch 1986). Below we describe a seventh species in the H. productus group which represents the first record of this group of species from Russia and the fourth species of the genus Hyalesthes recorded so far from the Krasnodar Territory (Gnezdilov 1999, 2000).
Fig. 1.
Type locality of Hyalesthes (Homalesthes) sagittus Gnezdilov sp. n., vineyard near to Dzhankhot village
Photographs were taken using a Canon EOS 5D Mark IV camera with a Canon-MP-E 65 mm f/2.8 1-5X Macro lens and a flash Canon Macro Twin Lite MT-26EX-RT. Images were produced using Helicon Focus v. 6.7.1 and Adobe Photoshop software. The genital segments of the examined specimen were macerated in 10% KOH and figured in glycerine jelly (Brunel Micro Ltd, UK) using a Leica MZ9.5 stereomicroscope with camera lucida.
The holotype of the species described is deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Hyalesthes (Homalesthes) sagittus Gnezdilov sp. n., holotype, male genitalia: a = pygofer, right lateral view; b = pygofer, left lateral view; c = process on lower pygofer margin, dorsal view; d = pygofer, ventral view; e = anal tube, lateral view; f = anal tube, caudal view; g = anal tube, dorsal view; h = style, lateral view; i = penis, left lateral view; j = penis, dorsal view; k = penis, right lateral view. Not to scale
Description. Metope very narrow above eyes, 0.3 times as wide as in its middle, enlarged to clypeus, with median carina running from its straight upper margin to postclypeus (Figs 2c and 3a). Middle ocellus indistinct. Coryphe and metope joined at obtuse angle (in lateral view) (Fig. 2b). Coryphe narrow, arrow-shaped, with acutely angular anterior margin and deeply concave posterior margin (Figs 2a and 3b). Eyes large. Pedicel ball-shaped. Rostrum projecting beyond middle coxae. Pronotum short, with carinae behind eyes, and deeply concave posterior margin (Fig. 3b). Mesonotum large, with five longitudinal carinae (Fig. 2a). Tegulae large. Hind tibia with single small lateral spine in its basal third and with six spines apically. First metatarsomere 1.5 times as long as second one, with six spines apically.
Coloration. Coryphe black, with light brown margins (Fig. 2a). Metope black, with white lateral margins (Fig. 2c). Median carina of metope light brown from upper margin to metopoclypeal suture and black on postclypeus. Anteclypeus black, with light brown median line. Pedicel and tegulae light brown. Pronotum light brown, with white lower margins of paranotal lobes. Mesonotum black, with light brown yellowish scutellum. Forewings translucent, with veins yellow brownish to dark brown apically, and dark brown stigma (Fig. 2a–b). Thorax below and fore and middle femora black. Hind femora dark brown. Tibiae and tarsi light brown. Claws dark brown. Apices of leg spines black.
Male genitalia (Fig. 4). Pygofer wide (in lateral view), asymmetrical, with short lateral process on right hind margin and horn-shaped lateral process on left hind margin (Fig. 4a–b). Process on lower margin of pygofer thick, tongue-shaped (or spatulate) (in ventral view), with simple subapical carina (in lateral view) and median groove (in dorsal view) (Fig. 4c–d). Anal tube wide, nearly round (in dorsal view), with its posterior margin not turned down (in lateral view) (Fig. 4e–g). Anal column long, 0.4 times as long as whole anal tube, thick. Style with hook-shaped capitulum, with dense setae below it (Fig. 4h). Penis asymmetrical, curved at right angle (in lateral view), with long and narrow slightly curved hook-shaped ventro-basal process (Fig. 4i and k). Distal part of penis with two long and narrow hook-shaped processes directed downwards, right process is broken (Fig. 4j).
Total length (from apex of head to apices of forewings). Male – 4.3 mm.
Etymology – The species is named after the arrow-shaped coryphe.
Type material – Holotype, ♂, 4.3 mm, Russia: Krasnodar Territory, Dzhankhot village, vineyard, glue trap, VIII.2023, O.V. Orlov leg.
Discussion
Hyalesthes sagittus sp. n. is placed in the subgenus HomalesthesEmeljanov, 2015 based on distinct median carina of postclypeus (Emeljanov 2015) even this species has simple carina on the process on lower pygofer margin. Within the Hyalesthes productus group, based on general shape of penis, with 3–4 processes, and left hind margin of pygofer with a short horn-shaped process Hy. (Ho.) sagittus sp. n. is closely related to Hy. (Ho.) productusLethierry, 1889, from northern Africa, and Hy. (Ho.) duffelsiDlabola, 1974, from Spain (Lethierry 1889, Dlabola 1974, Hoch and Remane, 1985, figs 27 a–b, 34/II a–b, 35 a–b, 37 a–b) while, by possessing three processes on the penis, it is closer to Hy. (Ho.) duffelsi. However, Hy. (Ho.) sagittus sp. n. differs from the last species by the process on the lower margin of the pygofer bearing a median groove (in dorsal view) (Fig. 4c) (also developed in Hy. (Ho.) productus) and a more acutely angular anterior margin of the coryphe (Figs 2a and 3b) which is similar to those of Hy. (Ho.) tilosHoch et Remane, 1985, from Gran Canaria Island in the Canary Islands Archipelago (Hoch and Remane 1985, figs 25/Ib, 25/IIe, 27 a–b).
The presence of a “Western Mediterranean element” in the Caucasian Auchenorrhyncha fauna may be explained either by the native genetic faunal connections between the regions in frame of ancient Mediterranean basin or by recent invasion (artificial) with any plant materials from the Western Mediterranean to Krasnodar Territory.
The first hypothesis is supported by the comparable distribution of the leafhopper genus BilusiusRibaut, 1942 (Cicadellidae), known after two Pyrenean (France) species and one species from Georgia and northeastern Turkey (Ribaut 1952, Logvinenko 1974, Karavín et al. 2011). The monotypical genus ChroocacusEmeljanov, 1962, closely related to Bilusius, is also known from Georgia (Emeljanov 1962). Another example is given by the terrestrial snails of the genus Renea G. Nevill, 1880 (Gastropoda, Aciculidae) known after 12 extant species distributed in the Central European Mediterranean and Transcaucasia (Georgia) and Alborz Mountains (northern Iran) (Páll-Gergely & Grego 2022, fig. 1).
The second scenario assumes that Hy. (Ho.) sagittus sp. n. was unintentionally introduced from its territory of origin, where it is still not found (sic!), to Krasnodar Territory. The type locality of the new species is a big vineyard established in 1985 and surrounded by Pinus brutia var. pityusa forest. In 2016 and 2020 several varieties of grape (Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay, Malbek, Pinot noir etc.) from Champagne in France and from northeastern Italy were imported and planted in this vineyard and accordingly some insect species could have been introduced together with the planted grapes. Similar situation in which species were described from a region far from its “motherland” is known for four planthopper species of the family Issidae, all of them of Oriental origin. Thabena brunnifrons (Bonfils, Attié et Reynaud, 2001) and Euroxenus vayssieresi (Bonfils, Attié et Reynaud, 2001), firstly described from the Mascarene Islands (Bonfils et al. 2001), were only later recorded from the Oriental, African, Australian and Pacific regions (Gnezdilov 2009, 2022, Gnezdilov and Bartlett 2022, Chan et al. 2013, Schneider et al. 2023), while Thabena fissala (Fieber, 1876) and Thabenula sulcata (Fieber, 1876) are still known only after their original descriptions from Portugal and Sicily (Italy), respectively (Fieber 1876, Gnezdilov et al. 2011).
Acknowledgements
We are glad to thank Dr. Vladimir V. Neimorovets (St. Petersburg, Russia) for taking photos of the holotype and anonymous reviewer for his (her) valuable comments on the ms.
VMG study is performed in the framework of the Russian State Research project № 122031100272-3. OVO exploration was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, project № 23-26-00267 (https://rscf.ru/project/23-26-00267/).
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AnufrievGA, EmeljanovAF (1988) Suborder Cicadinea (Auchenorrhyncha). pp. 12–495. In: LehrPA (ed): A key to the insects of the Far East of the USSR. Vol. 2. Homoptera and Heteroptera. – Nauka, Leningrad. [in Russian].)| false
BonfilsJ, AttiéM, ReynaudB (2001) Un nouveau genre d’Issidae de l’île de la Reunion: Borbonissus n. gen. (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France106(3): 217–224.
BonfilsJ, AttiéM, ReynaudB (2001) Un nouveau genre d’Issidae de l’île de la Reunion: Borbonissus n. gen. (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 106(3): 217–224.)| false
BourgoinT (2024) FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): A world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. Version 8, consulted [4.12.2023]. http://www.hemiptera-databases.org/flow/
BourgoinT (2024) FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): A world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. Version 8, consulted [4.12.2023]. http://www.hemiptera-databases.org/flow/)| false
ChanM-L, YehH-T, GnezdilovVM (2013) Thabena brunnifrons (Hemiptera: Issidae), new alien species in Taiwan, with notes on its biology and nymphal morphology. Formosan Entomologist33: 149–159.
ChanM-L, YehH-T, GnezdilovVM (2013) Thabena brunnifrons (Hemiptera: Issidae), new alien species in Taiwan, with notes on its biology and nymphal morphology. Formosan Entomologist 33: 149–159.)| false
DlabolaJ (1974) Übersicht der Gattungen Anoplotettix, Goldeus und Thamnotettix mit Beschreibungen von 7 neuen mediterranen Arten (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae15: 103–129.
DlabolaJ (1974) Übersicht der Gattungen Anoplotettix, Goldeus und Thamnotettix mit Beschreibungen von 7 neuen mediterranen Arten (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 15: 103–129.)| false
EmeljanovAF (1962) Materials on taxonomy of Palaearctic leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha, Euscelinae). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of USSR30: 156–184. [In Russian].
EmeljanovAF (1962) Materials on taxonomy of Palaearctic leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha, Euscelinae). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of USSR 30: 156–184. [In Russian].)| false
EmeljanovAF (1971) New genera of planthoppers of the families Cixiidae and Issidae (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha) from the fauna of the USSR. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie50(3): 619–627. English translation published in Entomological Review 50(3): 350–354.
EmeljanovAF (1971) New genera of planthoppers of the families Cixiidae and Issidae (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha) from the fauna of the USSR. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 50(3): 619–627. English translation published in Entomological Review 50(3): 350–354.)| false
EmeljanovAF (1974) Proposals on the classification and nomenclature of areals. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie53(3): 497–522. English translation published in Entomological Review 53(3): 11–26.
EmeljanovAF (1974) Proposals on the classification and nomenclature of areals. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 53(3): 497–522. English translation published in Entomological Review 53(3): 11–26.)| false
EmeljanovAF (2015) Planthoppers of the family Cixiidae of Russia and adjacent territories. KMK Scientific Press Ltd, St. Petersburg – Moscow, 252 pp.
EmeljanovAF (2015) Planthoppers of the family Cixiidae of Russia and adjacent territories. KMK Scientific Press Ltd, St. Petersburg – Moscow, 252 pp.)| false
FieberF-X (1876) Les Cicadines d’Europe d’après les originaux et les publications les plus récentes. Deuxième partie: Descriptions des espèces. Traduit de l’allemand par Ferd. Rieber. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Ser. 3)4: 11–268.
FieberF-X (1876) Les Cicadines d’Europe d’après les originaux et les publications les plus récentes. Deuxième partie: Descriptions des espèces. Traduit de l’allemand par Ferd. Rieber. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Ser. 3) 4: 11–268.)| false
GnezdilovVM (2000) To the knowledge of the faunistic complexes of the Cicadina (Homoptera) in the main plant formations of the Northwestern Caucasus. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie79(4): 794–811. English translation published in Entomological Review (2001) 80(8): 927–945.
GnezdilovVM (2000) To the knowledge of the faunistic complexes of the Cicadina (Homoptera) in the main plant formations of the Northwestern Caucasus. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie 79(4): 794–811. English translation published in Entomological Review (2001) 80(8): 927–945.)| false
GnezdilovVM (2009) Revisionary notes on some tropical Issidae and Nogodinidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae49(1): 75–92.
GnezdilovVM (2009) Revisionary notes on some tropical Issidae and Nogodinidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 49(1): 75–92.)| false
GnezdilovVM, BartlettCR (2022) First record of the family Issidae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea) from the Hawaiian Islands. Biodiversity Data Journal10: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e80135
GnezdilovVM, BartlettCR (2022) First record of the family Issidae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea) from the Hawaiian Islands. Biodiversity Data Journal 10: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e80135)| false
GnezdilovVM, Soulier-PerkinsA, BourgoinT (2011) Fieber’s original drawings and their corresponding types for the family Issidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle of Paris, France. Zootaxa2806: 24–34. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2806.1.2
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Barna PÁLL-GERGELY, PhD; Attila HETTYEY, PhD Plant Protection Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research Address: 1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó út 15. E-mail: pallgergely2@gmail.com; hettyey.attila@atk.hun-ren.hu