Abstract
A new subgenus of leaf-beetles Chrysolina (Ambrostomima subgen. nov.) is described from Hengduan Mountains (Sichuan and Gansu, China). It is characterized by the following main characters: body metallic, mostly green mixed with purple or one-colored green; last maxillary palpomere elongate, narrow, similar in both sexes; elytral punctures arranged in more or less distinct rows or mostly irregular; elytral epipleura inclined outside; hind wings completely missing; pygidium without furrow in apical 1/2 in most species; tarsomeres 1–3 more or less broadened in male, narrow in female, with entire sole in both sexes.
The subgenus consists of 25 species: Chrysolina amica Lopatin, Ch. baimana Lopatin, Ch. davidiani Lopatin, Ch. korotjaevi Lopatin, Ch. luyoui Daccordi et Ge, Ch. matruelis Lopatin, Ch. mirabilis (Daccordi), Ch. nesterovae Lopatin, Ch. pingchuana Lopatin, Ch. purpureoviridis Lopatin, Ch. rotundata Lopatin, Ch. sichuanica Lopatin, Ch. sicieni Ge et Yang, Ch. songpana Lopatin, Ch. viridiopaca Lopatin, Ch. aurita sp. nov., Ch. auriviridis sp. nov., Ch. bellissima sp. nov., Ch. ferdinandoi sp. nov., Ch. korolevi sp. nov., Ch. latipes sp. nov., Ch. ovata sp. nov., Ch. pilula sp. nov., Ch. pulchra sp. nov., and Ch. tortilla sp. nov.
Types of all previously described species except Ch. luyoui are examined. Males of Ch. mirabilis and Ch. viridiopaca are examined and described for the first time. Key to species is compiled. Type localities of Ch. viridiopaca and Ch. songpana are corrected. Photographs of habitus and male aedeagi are presented for all species.
Introduction
The leaf beetle fauna of the mountainous regions of China is very rich in species, many of which are still undescribed. The author recently described a new subgenus Chrysolina (Volosatik Bieńkowski, 2022) to include three previously known species and four new ones from NW part of Yunnan Province (Bieńkowski 2022). The present article is devoted to the designation of a new subgenus оf the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860 which includes 15 previously known species and 10 new ones from Hengduan Mountains (Sichuan and Gansu Provinces).
The Hengduan Mountain region is a biodiversity «hotspot» with high species number in different groups of beetles, such as Cantharidae, Curculionidae, Carabidae, some genera of leaf beetles (e.g. Suinzona Chen, 1931) (Belousov & Kabak 2003, Ge et al. 2011, Davidian 2020, Grebennikov 2022, Liu et al. 2022). Ge et al. (2011) noted that the species richness and endemism of this area has generally been attributed to the role of the region as a refugium during Quaternary climatic fluctuations and the high environmental and habitat heterogeneity. Chen and Wang (1984) described Chrysolina (Timarchomela) dalia Chen et Wang, 1984, Ch. (T.) nushana Chen et Wang, 1984, and Ch. zhongdiana (incertae sedis) Chen et Wang, 1984 from Hengduan Mountains.
The first species of the subgenus in question, Ch. mirabilis Daccordi, 1976 was described (Daccordi 1976) as a member of the genus Semenowia Weise, 1889. Subsequently Bieńkowski (2013) found that Ch. mirabilis does not belong to the genus Semenowia (subgenus of the genus Chrysolina after Daccordi 1994), but forms a natural unnamed species group together with Ch. davidiani Lopatin, 2002, Ch. luyoui Daccordi et Ge, 2011 and Ch. sicieni Ge et Yang, 2011 within the genus Chrysolina.
Lopatin (2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013) described Ch. amica Lopatin, 2009, Ch. baimana Lopatin, 2009, Ch. davidiani Lopatin, 2002, Ch. korotjaevi Lopatin, 2009, Ch. matruelis Lopatin, 2011, Ch. nesterovae Lopatin, 2011, Ch. pingchuana Lopatin, 2013, Ch. purpureoviridis Lopatin, 2005, Ch. rotundata Lopatin, 2002, Ch. sichuanica Lopatin, 2002, Ch. songpana Lopatin, 2007, Ch. viridiopaca Lopatin, 2004, and also established that Ch. davidiani, Ch. nesterovae, Ch. matruelis, and Сh. pingchuana form a natural unnamed group, and compiled a key to species (Lopatin 2011, 2013).
Daccordi et al. (2011) described Ch. luyoui and Ch. sicieni and noted their relationship to each other.
Bieńkowski (2019) established unnamed species group that included Ch. davidiani, Ch. korotjaevi, Ch. matruelis, Ch. mirabilis, Ch. nesterovae, Ch. sichuanica, Ch. sicieni, Ch. songpana, as well as another unnamed species group that included Ch. amica, Ch. luyoui, Ch. purpureoviridis, Ch. rotundata, Ch. viridiopaca, and compiled keys to the species of these two groups; species Ch. pingchuana and Ch. baimana were considered separately from others.
However, there have been no taxonomical revisions devoted to the endemic fauna of the genus Chrysolina in this area.
In the present article, based on the study of comparative morphology, it is established that the 15 species under consideration as well as 10 new species form a natural group that has been assigned the status of the new subgenus Ambrostomima.
Materials and methods
Materials, including the type ones, from the following museums (names of curators in brackets) and private collections have been studied:
BC – the author's collection, Zelenograd, Russia;
DC – M. Daccordi's collection, Verona, Italy;
NMB – Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland (M. Borer);
RC – P.V. Romantsov's collection, St.-Petersburg, Russia;
ZIN – Zoological Institute, St.-Petersburg, Russia (A.G. Moseyko).
Taxonomy
Family Chrysomelidae
Genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860
Type species: Chrysomela staphylaea Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) subgen. nov.
Type species: Semenowia mirabilis Daccordi, 1976.
Diagnosis. Body entirely metallic, brightly colored, green with purple pattern (or vice versa), mostly with colored stripes on elytra, or entirely green, greenish-bronze, or with violet reflection, usually shining, rarely sericeous or dull.
Last maxillary palpomere elongate, narrow, as wide as penultimate one or slightly broader than the latter, barrel-shaped, or cylindrical, or slightly securiform, similar in both sexes.
Pronotum without anterior setiferous pores. Pronotal lateral impression different: furrow-shaped, broad, deep to shallow, or obsolete (absent), with large punctures or without them. Anterior side marginated, ciliate. Posterior side entirely marginated.
Prothoracic hypomeron without basal fold in most species, rarely with fold. Anterior coxal cavities broadly opened behind. Metasternum marginated anteriorly.
Humeral callus of elytron weak to obsolete or absent. Elytral punctures fine to moderate, mostly irregular or arranged in more or less distinct rows. Elytral surface mostly flat. Sutural furrow developed in all species, except Ch. matruelis.
Elytral epipleura inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, apically with dense, or sparse setae, or without of them at all.
Hind wings absent.
Pygidium without furrow in apical 1/2 in most species, with distinct furrow along entire length in Ch. matruelis and shallow impression in Ch. korotjaevi.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, with apical margin truncate or broadly emarginate in male, arc-shaped in female.
Tarsomeres 1–3 more or less broadened in male, narrow in female, with entire sole in both sexes. Claw tarsomere without denticles. Claws simple and separate from each other.
Differential diagnosis. The new subgenus belongs to the wingless mountain Chrysolina groups in the subtropics of China. It differs from the subgenera whose representatives inhabit Sichuan Province and the adjacent parts of Gansu and Yunnan Provinces in the following ways.
It differs from the subgenus Medvedevlevna Özdikmen, 2008 in the last maxillary palpomere longer than wide, longer than penultimate one or as long as the latter, elytral punctures finer, while Medvedevlevna has last maxillary palpomere broader than long or as long as broad, rather shorter than penultimate one, and elytral punctures much larger.
It differs from Ch. (altimontana (Rybakow, 1889)) species group of the subgenus Pezocrosita Jacobson, 1901a in elytral punctures not arranged in quite regular rows, and in the absence of long glabrous basal “heel” at 1st tarsomere, while Ch. (altimontana) group has elytral punctures arranged in 10 regular equidistant rows, and tarsomere 1 bearing long narrow glabrous basal “heel” ventrally.
It differs from Ch. (obovata (Jacobson, 1895)) species group of the subgenus Pezocrosita Jacobson, 1901 in the elytral punctures not arranged in quite regular rows, while Ch. (obovata) species group has elytron with 9–10 regular rows of punctures.
It differs from the subgenus Semenowia Weise, 1889 in dorsal coloration bright metallic, and in elytral punctures not arranged in quite regular and dense rows, while Semenowia has dorsum black with 7 equidistant regular rows of elytral punctures.
It differs from the subgenus Timarchomela Achard, 1922 in dorsum brightly colored, usually shining, pronotum usually with distinct lateral impression, elytral punctures always distinct, while Timarchomela has dorsum dark metallic or black, dull or sericeous, pronotum without distinct lateral impression, elytral punctures mostly obsolete (except Ch. costulata (Achard, 1922)).
It differs from Ch. (Allohypericia Bechyné, 1950) mauroi Lopatin, 2005 in the dorsum brightly colored, and elytral punctures not so regular, while Ch. mauroi has dorsum black with elytra bearing regular paired rows of punctures.
It differs from the subgenus Volosatik Bieńkowski, 2022 in the coloring characteristic of many species, included the combination of metallic green and purple spots and stripes, and elytral punctures never forming regular paired rows, while Volosatik has dorsum metallic, differently colored but never with metallic green and purple pattern, and elytral puncture rows paired, regular in most species except Ch. wangi Lopatin, 2005, consist of moderately large to large punctures. All members of Volosatik inhabit NW part of Yunnan far from the area of the new subgenus.
Due to the bright coloration, combining green and purple, the representatives of the new subgenus externally resemble the species of the genus Ambrostoma Motschulsky, 1860 and especially subgenus Parambrostoma Chen, 1936, but clearly differ in the structure of the metasternum characteristic of Chrysolina members (with entire bordering anteriorly), and absence of setiferous pores at pronotal anterior angles (Ge et al. 2012, Bieńkowski 2019).
Chrysolina ambigua (Chen, 1936) looks like the member of the subgenus Ambrostomima because of metallic green coloration with purple pattern, narrow last maxillary palpomere, pronotum anteriorly marginate, without impression and large punctures laterally, fine elytral punctures, epipleura inclined outside, with few setae at apex, metasternum entirely marginated anteriorly, absence of hind wings, tarsomeres 1–3 with entire sole. It differs in: pronotum with setiferous pores near anterior angles, elytron with distinct lateral transverse impression behind humeral callus, claw tarsomere bearing 2 narrow, spine-shaped apical denticles, pygidium with distinct longitudinal furrow (difference from almost all members of Ambrostomima subgen. nov. except Ch. matruelis). Chrysolina ambigua occurs in N India and Nepal. Ge et al. (2012) includes Ch. ambigua in the genus Parambrostoma.
Distribution: China: eastern slope of Hengduan Mountains (Sino-Tibetan mountains) in Sichuan Province and adjacent areas of Gansu Province at altitudes from 2,200 to 4,850 m above sea level.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) amica Lopatin, 2009
Chrysolina species, total dorsal view. A – Ch. amica, holotype, male; B – Ch. baimana, paratype, male; C – Ch. davidiani, holotype, male; D – Ch. korotjaevi, holotype, male
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina species, total dorsal view. A – Ch. luyoui, male; B – Ch. matruelis, holotype, male; C – Ch. mirabilis, holotype, female (photo by M. Borer); D – Ch. nesterovae, holotype, male
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina species, total dorsal view. A – Ch. pingchuana, holotype, male; B – Ch. purpureoviridis, holotype, male; C – Ch. rotundata, holotype, male; D – Ch. sichuanica, holotype, male
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina species, total dorsal view. A – Ch. sicieni, paratype, male; B – Ch. viridiopaca, holotype, female; C – Ch. songpana, holotype, male; D – Ch. aurita sp. nov., holotype, male
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina species, total dorsal view. A – Ch. auriviridis sp. nov., holotype, male; B – Ch. bellissima sp. nov., holotype, male; C – Ch. ferdinandoi sp. nov., holotype, male; D – Ch. korolevi sp. nov., holotype, male
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina species, total dorsal view. A – Ch. latipes sp. nov., holotype, male; B – Ch. ovata sp. nov., holotype, male; C – Ch. pulchra sp. nov., holotype, male; D – Ch. pilula sp. nov., holotype, male; E − Ch. tortilla sp. nov., holotype, male
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina species. A–O – male aedeagus, dorsal view: A – Ch. amica, holotype; B – Ch. baimana, holotype; C – Ch. davidiani, holotype; D – Ch. korotjaevi, holotype; E − Ch. luyoui; F – Ch. matruelis, holotype; G – Ch. mirabilis; H – Ch. nesterovae, holotype; I – Ch. pingchuana, holotype; J – Ch. purpureoviridis, holotype; K – Ch. rotundata, holotype; L – Ch. sichuanica, holotype; M – Ch. sicieni, paratype; N – Ch. songpana, holotype; O – Ch. viridiopaca
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina species. A–J – male aedeagus, dorsal view: A – Ch. aurita sp. nov., holotype; B – Ch. auriviridis sp. nov., holotype; C – Ch. bellissima sp. nov., holotype; D – Ch. ferdinandoi sp. nov., holotype; E − Ch. korolevi sp. nov., holotype; F – Ch. latipes sp. nov., holotype; G – Ch. ovata sp. nov., holotype; H – Ch. pilula sp. nov., holotype; I – Ch. pulchra sp. nov., holotype; J – Ch. tortilla sp. nov., holotype
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina species. A – Ch. amica, prosternum and prothoracic hypomeron, ventral view (1 – anterolateral part of prosternum, 2 – intercoxal prosternal process, 3 – place of fore coxa, 4 – basal fold of hypomeron, 5 – prothoracic hypomeron, 6 – lateral impression of hypomeron, 7 – prostethial furrow, 8 – anterior cavity of hypomeron); B – Ch. amica, anterior emargination of hypomeron; C–D – left prothoracic hypomeron, ventral view: C – Ch. auriviridis sp. nov., paratype, male, D – Ch. pilula sp. nov., paratype, male; E − Ch. pilula sp. nov., paratype, male, posterior setiferous pore with seta at left posterior pronotal angle, dorsal view; F – Ch. mirabilis, female, pronotum, dorsal view; G–I – male maxillary palpus: G – Ch. amica, holotype; H – Ch. baimana, holotype; I – Ch. davidiani, holotype
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina species. A–W – maxillary palpus: A – Ch. korotjaevi, holotype, male; B – Ch. luyoui, male; C – Ch. matruelis, holotype, male; D – Ch. mirabilis, female; E − Ch. nesterovae, holotype, male; F – Ch. pingchuana, male; G – Ch. purpureoviridis, holotype, male; H – Ch. rotundata, holotype, male; I – Ch. sichuanica, holotype, male; J – Ch. sicieni, paratype, male; K – Ch. songpana, holotype, male; L – Ch. viridiopaca, male; M – Ch. aurita sp. nov., holotype, male; N – Ch. auriviridis sp. nov., paratype, male; O – Ch. bellissima sp. nov., holotype, male; P – Ch. ferdinandoi sp. nov., holotype, male; R – Ch. korolevi sp. nov., holotype, male; S – Ch. latipes sp. nov., holotype, male; T – Ch. ovata sp. nov., holotype, male; U – Ch. pilula sp. nov., holotype, male; V – Ch. pulchra sp. nov., holotype, male; W – Ch. tortilla sp. nov., holotype, male
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina species. A–I – male aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view: A – Ch. amica, holotype; B – Ch. baimana, holotype; C – Ch. davidiani, holotype; D – Ch. korotjaevi, holotype; E − Ch. luyoui; F – Ch. matruelis, holotype; G – Ch. mirabilis; H – Ch. nesterovae, holotype; I – Ch. pingchuana, holotype
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina species. A–I – male aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view: A – Ch. purpureoviridis, holotype; B – Ch. rotundata, holotype; C – Ch. sichuanica, holotype; D – Ch. sicieni, paratype; E − Ch. songpana, holotype; F – Ch. viridiopaca; G – Ch. aurita sp. nov., holotype; H – Ch. auriviridis sp. nov., holotype; I – Ch. bellissima sp. nov., holotype
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina species. A–G – male aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view: A – Ch. ferdinandoi sp. nov., holotype; B – Ch. korolevi sp. nov., holotype; C – Ch. latipes sp. nov., holotype; D – Ch. ovata sp. nov., holotype; E − Ch. pilula sp. nov., holotype; F – Ch. pulchra sp. nov., holotype; G – Ch. tortilla sp. nov., holotype
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina species. A–H – female spermatheca, lateral view: A – Ch. ovata sp. nov., paratype; B – Ch. korolevi sp. nov., paratype; C – Ch. ferdinandoi sp. nov., paratype; D – Ch. latipes sp. nov., paratype; E − Ch. baimana, paratype; F – Ch. viridiopaca; G – Ch. pingchuana; H – Ch. amica, paratype
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) subgen. nov. general distribution
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) subgen. nov., northern species group, distribution. Circles: violet – Ch. ferdinandoi sp. nov., red – Ch. korolevi sp. nov., light green – Ch. latipes sp. nov., orange – Ch. amica, pink – Ch. luyoui, dark green – Ch. mirabilis, grey – Ch. nesterovae, light blue – Ch. viridiopaca; squares: yellow – Ch. bellissima sp. nov., light blue – Ch. pulchra sp. nov., purple – Ch. baimana, red – Ch. purpureoviridis, light green – Ch. rotundata, orange – Ch. sicieni, violet – Ch. songpana; triangles: black – Ch. pilula sp. nov., white – Ch. korotjaevi
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina amica Lopatin, 2009: 431
Material examined (Fig. 16): Holotype with labels: “N Sichuan, SW Baima, 32°42′02″N / 104°14′07″E, 3,245 m, 24.06.2006, Belousov & Kabak leg.”, “Holotypus”, “Chrysolina amica sp. n. det. I. Lopatin, 2007”: male (ZIN); paratypes: with the same labels as holotype: 1 female (ZIN); “N Sichuan, SW Baima, WSW Wangbachu, 32°41′25″N / 104°14′42″E, 3,740 m, 26.06.2006, Belousov & Kabak leg.”: 1 male, 1 female (ZIN). Non type specimens: Sichuan, Lixian, NNW Xuecheng, Machingou River, 31°41′12″N / 103°14′58″E, H = 2,595 m, 12.06.2017, I. Belousov, G. Davidian & I. Kabak leg.: 1 male (BC); Sichuan, Wenchuan City, SE of Dazhaizi Village, 31°26′52″N / 103°41′33″ E, H = 3,660 m, 28.06.2013, I. Belousov, I. Kabak, G. Davidian leg.: 2 males, 3 females (BC).
Description. Dorsal side metallic purple mixed with green (Fig. 1A). Head green with purple spots; pronotum purple with irregular green spots or mostly green, with green lateral impression and callus; in male, elytron green laterally and apically and mostly purple (with narrow green stripes) basally and along suture, or elytron purple with indistinct green stripes basally, laterally and along suture at apical slope; in female, elytron green with narrow purple sutural and lateral stripes, or with irregular purple spots at disc; underside and legs purplish-greenish-black; antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Dorsum moderately or sericeous shining, microreticulate and micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.2 X as long as wide, 1.3 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.1 X as wide as the latter, similar in both sexes (Fig. 9G). Base of antenna 3.3 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line absent.
Pronotum 2.1 X as wide as long, broadest basally, almost rectilinearly narrowing forward, with lateral sides slightly rounded, with anterior side deeply emarginate, anterior angles strongly protruding forward. Lateral callus convex along entire length, lateral impression broad, gentle, evenly developed along entire length of pronotum. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (0.01–0.02 mm) punctures. Lateral impression without large punctures. Several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures present along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron (Fig. 9A and B) almost flat, without lateral wrinkles, with weak impression reaching anterior cavity. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron weak or obsolete. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron with weak humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.02–0.03 mm), mostly irregular, with some rows (equidistant or slightly paired) traced at disc. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, densely ciliate apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 slightly broadened in male, narrow in female, with entire sole in both sexes. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.1 X as wide as 2nd, 0.8 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with weak, shallow longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex in both sexes, with apical margin broadly truncate in male.
Aedeagus 3.3 X as long as wide, with almost parallel lateral sides, hardly broadened toward apex, with apical margin roundly triangular (Figs 7A; 11A). Aedeagus bearing lobe-shaped short apical denticles folded down, denticles poorly visible in dorsal view. Aedeagus strongly evenly curved in lateral view, with flagellum narrow, simple, exposed. Apical orifice 0.2 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca present (Fig. 14H).
Body length: 6.8–7.5 mm (male), 7.4–8.0 mm (female); aedeagus 2.0 mm long, 0.6 mm wide.
Variability. Present description is based on the specimens from the type series. In addition, I examined 3 males and 3 females from other localities not far from the type locality. These specimens are distinguished from the types in the shape of pronotum (more rounded at lateral sides), with maximal width in front of the middle, more convex lateral calli, and lateral impressions deepened at the base. However, the shape of male aedeagus and proportions of the male fore-tarsomeres 1–3 are similar to those in Ch. amica.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) baimana Lopatin, 2009
Chrysolina baimana Lopatin, 2009: 432
Material examined (Fig. 16): Holotype with labels: “N Sichuan, SW Baima, 32°42′02″N / 104°14′07″E − 32°41′49″N / 104°13′51″E, 3,245–3,500 m, Belousov & Kabak leg.”, “Holotypus”, “Chrysolina baimana sp. n. det. I. Lopatin, 2007”: male (ZIN); paratypes with labels: “Northern Sichuan, WSW Wangbachu, 32°41′20″N / 104°14′48″E, 3,710 m, 26.06.2006, Belousov & Kabak leg.”, “Paratypus”, “Chrysolina baimana sp. n. det. I. Lopatin, 2007”: 1 male (ZIN); “Northern Sichuan, WSW Wangbachu, 32°40′35″N / 104°16′26″E, 3,670 m, 26.06.2006, Belousov & Kabak leg.”, “Paratypus”, “Chrysolina baimana sp. n. det. I. Lopatin, 2007”: 1 female (ZIN); “Northern Sichuan, SW Baima, WSW Wangbachu, 32°41′25″N / 104°14′42″E, 3,740 m, 26.06.2006, Belousov & Kabak leg.”, “Paratypus”, “Chrysolina baimana sp. n. det. I. Lopatin, 2007”: 1 female (BC). Non type specimens: China: Sichuan, NW sl. Jiuding Shan SE Maoxian, 0.35 km W Madaozi, 31°37′30″N / 103°55′02″E, 4,035 m, 29.06.2019, I. Belousov, G. Davidian & I. Kabak leg.: 1 male, 1 female (RC).
Description. Dorsal side metallic: green, with purple: spots on clypeus and frons, narrow stripes along anterior and posterior margins of pronotum, anterior and sutural margins of elytron (Fig. 1B). Underside and legs black; antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Dorsum moderately shining, obsoletely microreticulate and distinctly micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.2–1.3 X as long as wide, 1.2 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.2 X as wide as the latter, similar in both sexes (Fig. 9H). Base of antenna 2.5 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line absent.
Pronotum 1.8 X as wide as long, broadest basally, slightly and rectilinearly narrowing forward in basal 2/3, with lateral sides slightly rounded in anterior 1/3, with anterior side deeply emarginate, anterior angles strongly protruding forward. Lateral callus convex along entire length, lateral impression broad, gentle, moderately deep, evenly developed along entire length of pronotum. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures, with several some larger (0.03 mm) punctures in lateral impression near anterior and posterior margins. Several punctures (0.05 mm) present along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron almost flat, without lateral wrinkles and impression. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron very shallow. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent or obsolete. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron with obsolete humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (about 0.02 mm), entirely irregular or with some obsolete rows. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with only few setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 moderately broadened in male, narrow in female, with entire sole in both sexes. Male 1st protarsomere 1.4 X as wide as 2nd, and as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium convex, without longitudinal impression.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex in both sexes, with apical margin broadly truncate in male.
Aedeagus 4.1 X as long as wide, with parallel lateral sides up to apex, with apical margin almost truncate (slightly rounded) (Figs 7B, 11B). Apical margin of aedeagus bearing lobe-shaped short denticles folded down, poorly visible in dorsal view. Aedeagus strongly evenly curved in lateral view, with flagellum narrow, simple, exposed. Apical orifice 0.03 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca present (Fig. 14E).
Body length: 7.1 mm (male), 7.6 mm (female); aedeagus 2.0 mm long, 0.5 mm wide.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) davidiani Lopatin, 2002
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) subgen. nov., southern species group, distribution. Circles: red – Ch. aurita sp. nov., yellow – Ch. auriviridis sp. nov., violet – Ch. ovata sp. nov., white – Ch. matruelis, orange – Ch. pingchuana, light blue – Ch. sichuanica; triangles: light green – Ch. tortilla sp. nov., purple – Ch. davidiani
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Chrysolina davidiani Lopatin, 2002: 114
Material examined (Fig. 17): Holotype with labels: “Sichuan, right bank of Niuzhine Riv., E of Pusiun Village, 2,200–2,800 m, 15–16.6.2000, Belousov, Kabak, Davidian”, “Holotypus”, “Chrysolina davidiani det. I. Lopatin, 2001”: male (ZIN); paratype with the same labels, but “Paratypus”: female (ZIN).
Description. Dorsal side metallic purple mixed with green (Fig. 1C). Head green with purple clypeus and spots above eyes; pronotum green with purple: broad anterior stripe, narrow posterior stripe, irregular spots at lateral impressions, and 2 spots near scutellum; elytron green with purple: basal margin and 5 longitudinal stripes; underside and femora green, tibiae black with metallic reflection, tarsi black; antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Dorsum shining, microreticulate and micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, with parallel sides, obliquely truncate apically, 1.6 X as long as wide, 1.3 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.2 X as wide as the latter, similar in both sexes (Fig. 9I). Base of antenna 2.6 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line weakly impressed.
Pronotum 2.0 X as wide as long, broadest before base, with lateral sides rounded, more convergent anteriorly than posteriorly, with anterior side deeply emarginate. Lateral callus weakly convex along entire length, lateral impression broad, very weak, evenly developed along entire length of pronotum. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures. Lateral impression without large punctures. Several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures present along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron almost flat, with obsolete lateral wrinkles and impression. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.02 mm), mostly irregular, with some paired rows bordering the narrow purple stripes. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, densely ciliate apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 narrow in both sexes, with tarsomere 1 slightly broadened in male, with entire sole in both sexes. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.5 X as wide as 2nd, 0.9 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with weak, shallow longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex in both sexes, slightly swollen in female, with apical margin broadly truncate in male.
Aedeagus 3.0 X as long as wide, with almost parallel lateral sides, with apical margin rounded (Figs 7C; 11C). Aedeagus without apical denticles. Aedeagus strongly curved, with apical 1/2 straight in lateral view, with flagellum narrow, simple, whip-shaped, exposed. Apical orifice 0.6 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca absent.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) korotjaevi Lopatin, 2009
Chrysolina korotjaevi Lopatin, 2009: 434
Material examined (Fig. 16): Holotype with labels: “N Sichuan, SW Baima, WSW Wangbachu, 32°41′25″N / 104°14′42″E, 3,740 m, 26.6.2006, Belousov & Kabak leg.”, “Holotypus”, “Chrysolina korotjaevi sp. n. det. I. Lopatin, 2007”: male (ZIN).
Description. Male (female is unknown). Dorsal side metallic purple with green: head, pronotal lateral calli and anterior margin, elytral basal, lateral and sutural margins; scutellum blue; underside and legs greenish-violet; antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically (Fig. 1D). Dorsum moderately shining, microreticulate and micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, narrowly obliquely truncate apically, 1.5 X as long as wide, 1.3 X as long as penultimate palpomere, as wide as the latter (Fig. 10A). Base of antenna 3 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line absent.
Pronotum 2.0 X as wide as long, broadest basally, almost rectilinearly narrowing forward, with lateral sides slightly rounded in anterior 1/3, with anterior side deeply emarginate, anterior angles strongly protruding forward. Lateral callus convex along entire length, lateral impression broad, shallow, gentle, evenly developed along entire length of pronotum. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (0.01 mm) punctures. Lateral impression without large punctures. Several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures present along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron almost flat, without lateral wrinkles and impression. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron with obsolete humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.02 mm), mostly arranged in 8 dense, irregular or undulate rows, with irregular punctures in intervals. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, sparsely ciliate apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 slightly broadened, with entire sole. 1st fore-tarsomere 1.2 X as wide as 2nd, 0.8 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with broad shallow longitudinal impression along entire length.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, with apical margin broadly truncate.
Aedeagus 4 X as long as wide, with parallel lateral sides, slightly constricted at sides of apical orifice, with apical margin triangular, obtuse (Figs 7D; 11D). Apical denticles absent. Aedeagus strongly evenly curved in lateral view, curved up at the top, with flagellum narrow, simple, exposed, hook-shaped. Apical orifice 0.5 X as long as aedeagus length.
Body length: 5.5 mm (male); aedeagus 2.0 mm long, 0.5 mm wide.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) luyoui Daccordi et Ge, 2011
Chrysolina luyoui Daccordi et Ge in: Daccordi et al. 2011: 305
Material examined (Fig. 16): non type specimens: China, C Sichuan, mts. 12 km SE-SSE Wodi, 30°40′N / 102°14′E, 4,400 m, 14–16.6.2016, J. Kaláb leg. Alpine meadows, screes: 2 males, 1 female (BC).
Description. Dorsal side metallic green with purple pattern: frons with purple spots, pronotum with green or purple lateral calli, disc mostly purple with green lateral sides (inward from lateral impressions) (Fig. 2A). Elytron green with purple suture, 2–4 narrow longitudinal stripes, and lateral side. Underside, femora, and tibiae green with purple pattern, tarsi black; antennae black with 1st antennomere rufous below apically, 2nd antennomere rufous. Dorsum entirely shining, microreticulate and micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.5 X as long as wide, 1.4 X as long as penultimate palpomere, as wide as the latter, similar in both sexes (Fig. 10B). Base of antenna 2.7 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line distinct.
Pronotum 2.0 X as wide as long, broadest basally or just before base, with lateral sides almost straight (slightly convex) in basal 1/2 and more convex in apical 1/2, with anterior side moderately emarginate. Lateral callus moderately convex along entire length, lateral impression developed along entire length of pronotum, narrow, moderately deep, forming furrow in basal 1/3, filled with several large (0.05–0.06 mm) punctures. Pronotal disc evenly covered with sparse, fine (0.02–0.03 mm) punctures, lateral callus with several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures near anterior angles and outer margin. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron convex, with obsolete lateral wrinkles, with shallow lateral impression reaching anterior cavity and deepened anteriorly. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron narrow, deep. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.03 mm), arranged in abbreviated scutellar row and 9 entire rows, 2–3, 4–5, 6–7, and 8–9 closely paired, with mostly purple intervals in each pair. Rows regular but poorly visible because of numerous fine punctures in broad intervals between pairs of rows. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with few setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomere 1 of each tarsus broad in male, tarsomeres 2 and 3 narrow; tarsomeres 1–3 narrow in female, with entire sole in both sexes. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.4 X as wide as 2nd, 1.2 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with obsolete longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex in both sexes, slightly swollen in female, with apical margin broadly emarginate and bearing furrow in male.
Aedeagus 2.7 X as long as wide, with parallel sides, with apical margin roundly truncate (Figs 7E; 11E). Aedeagus without apical denticles. Apical margin with setiferous pores dorsally at sides. Aedeagus strongly curved in lateral view, flagellum absent. Apical orifice 0.5 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca absent. Female ovoviviparous.
Body length: 7.2–7.6 mm (male), 8.7 mm (female); aedeagus 2.6 mm long, 1.0 mm wide.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) matruelis Lopatin, 2011
Chrysolina matruelis Lopatin, 2011: 378
Material examined (Fig. 17): Holotype with labels: “S Sichuan Province, N of Jinyang Town, 27°53′29″N / 103°14′15″E−27°53′39″N / 103°14′13″E, 3,980–4,077 m, Belousov I. & Kabak I. leg”, “Chrysolina matruelis sp. n. det. I. Lopatin, 2010”, “Holotypus Chrys. amita sp.n. Lopatin design.” [sic!]: male (ZIN).
Description. Dorsal side green with purple: anterior side of clypeus, 2 spots on vertex, anterior and lateral stripes on pronotum, broad lateral stripe and narrow basal, sutural and 2 discal stripes on elytron (Fig. 2B). Underside, femora, and tibiae greenish-black, tarsi black, antennae black with 1stfirst and second antennomeres rufous apically, 2nd–7th antennomeres rufous basally. Head and elytra moderately shining, pronotum sericeous shining, dorsum microreticulate and micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, with narrow, rounded truncate apex, 1.7 X as long as wide, similar with penultimate palpomere in length and width (Fig. 10C). Base of antenna 1.6X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line impressed.
Pronotum 1.8 X as wide as long, broadest behind mid-length, more narrowing forward than backward, with lateral sides rounded, with anterior side shallowly emarginate, anterior angles slightly protruding forward. Lateral callus convex along entire length, lateral impression absent. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures, without large punctures laterally. Several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures present along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron weakly convex, without lateral wrinkles and impression. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron broad, shallow. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures moderate to large (0.05–0.08 mm), arranged in abbreviated scutellar row and 9 entire, slightly irregular rows. Rows 2–3, 4–5, and 6–7 paired. Intervals between rows 2 and 3, 4 and 5 purple. Intervals between rows covered with dense fine (0.02 mm) punctures. Sutural furrow at apical slope absent and replaced with shallow broad impression. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, sparsely ciliate apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 moderately broadened in male, with entire sole. Male 1st protarsomere 1.4 X as wide as 2nd, as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with distinct furrow along entire length, narrowing posteriorly.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, broadly truncate apically.
Male aedeagus 4.6 X as long as wide, with parallel lateral sides, with apical margin triangular (Figs 7F; 11F). Aedeagus without apical denticles. Aedeagus strongly evenly curved in lateral view, without flagellum. Apical orifice 0.4 X as long as aedeagus length.
Body length: 9.0 mm (male), aedeagus 3.7 mm long, 0.8 mm wide.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) mirabilis (Daccordi, 1976)
Semenowia mirabilis Daccordi, 1976: 37
Material examined (Fig. 16): Holotype with labels: “Wassuland, Chunghwa, Szechuan, Reitter”, “Synerga bella det. J. Bechyne 1950”, “Holotypus”, “Semenowia mirabile n. sp. det. Daccordi 74”: female (NMB). Non type specimens: China, Sichuan, Qionglai Mts., 3,300 m, 20 km W Qiao Qi, 55 km N Baoxing, 22.6.2003, S. Murzin leg.: 1 male (BC); Sichuan, Jitiang, 3.7–14.7.2001, E. Kučera leg.: 1 male (DC), 1 female (BC).
Description. Dorsal side metallic green with purple and golden pattern: clypeus with purple anterior margin, frons with central greenish golden spot margined with purple, pronotum with purple lateral calli and pattern on disc (Fig. 2C). Elytron green with suture golden margined laterally with purple, with 2 narrow longitudinal purple stripes on inner part of disc and with broad purple stripe laterally. Underside, femora, and tibiae mostly purple with green pattern or mostly green, tarsi black; antennae bluish black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below. Dorsum entirely shining, entirely micropunctulate, without microreticulation.
Last maxillary palpomere in female (in available male, it is lost) narrow, almost parallel-sided, transversely truncate apically, 1.3 X as long as wide, 1.3 X as long as penultimate palpomere, as wide as the latter (Fig. 10D). Base of antenna 2.5 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line distinct.
Pronotum (Fig. 9F) 1.9–2.1 X as wide as long, broadest basally, with lateral sides evenly rounded or with lateral sides almost straight in basal 1/2, and rounded in anterior 1/2, with anterior side weakly or moderately emarginate. Lateral callus convex along entire length, lateral impression developed along entire length of pronotum, broad, moderately deep, filled with numerous large (0,08 mm) punctures, partly spreading on inner side of lateral callus. Pronotal disc evenly covered with sparse, fine (0.01 mm) punctures, lateral callus with several moderate (0.05 mm) punctures near anterior angles and outer margin. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron convex, with distinct lateral wrinkles, and with impression reaching anterior margin of hypomeron. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron with obsolete humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.01–0.02 mm), sparse, mostly irregular with hardly visible abbreviated rows in basal part at sides of narrow purple stripes. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with few setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 narrow (female), or 1st broad, 2ndand 3rd narrow (male), with entire sole in both sexes. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.6 X as wide as 2nd, 1.3 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with shallow longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex in both sexes, with apical margin broadly emarginate and bearing apical furrow along apical margin in male.
Aedeagus 3.8 X as long as wide, with parallel sides in basal 1/2, slightly narrowed in apical 1/2, with apex obtusely triangular and bearing small lateral denticles visible from above (Figs 7G; 11G). Aedeagus moderately curved, flagellum absent. Apical orifice 0.5 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca absent.
Body length: 8.9 mm (male), 8.2 mm (female); aedeagus 3.4 mm long, 0.9 mm wide.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) nesterovae Lopatin, 2011
Chrysolina nesterovae Lopatin, 2011: 376
Material examined (Fig. 16): Holotype with labels: “Sichuan, NE Danba, Guanyongchang, 4,450–4,850 m, 13.08.2004, Belousov & Kabak”, “Chrysolina nesterovae sp. n. det. I. Lopatin, 2010”, “Holotypus”: male (ZIN); paratypes: with the same labels but “Paratypus Chrys. nesterovae sp. n. Lopatin”: 1 female (ZIN), “Prov. Sichuan, ENE of Balanguan Pass, 4,401 m, 28.08.2004, Belousov & Kabak”, “Chrysolina nesterovae sp. n. det. I. Lopatin, 2010”, “Paratypus Chrys. nesterovae sp.n. Lopatin”: 1 female (ZIN). Non type specimens: Sichuan, NE Danba, Guanyongchang, 4,450–4,850 m, 13.08.2004, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg.: 1 male, 1 female (BC).
Description. Dorsal side metallic green with purple and golden pattern: clypeus with purple spot, frons with golden or purple spot, pronotum with green, or golden, or purple lateral calli, usually with 2 large purple spots margined with golden on disc (Fig. 2D). Elytron green with suture golden or blue margined with golden, and with 3–4 longitudinal purple stripes: broad ones along suture and laterally, and 1–2 narrow ones on disc. Underside, femora, and tibiae blackish green, tarsi black; antennae black with 1st rufous below apically, and 2nd antennomeres rufous below. Dorsum entirely sericeous shining, or with elytra very shining, entirely microreticulate and micropunctulate, or elytra without microreticulation.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, with almost parallel sides, slightly broader apically than basally, almost transversely truncate apically, 1.3 X as long as wide, 1.1 X as long as penultimate palpomere, as wide as the latter, similar in both sexes (Fig. 10E). Base of antenna 3.3 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line weakly impressed.
Pronotum 1.8 X as wide as long, broadest basally or at mid-length, with lateral sides rounded, more convergent forward than backward, with anterior side deeply emarginate. Lateral callus weakly convex along entire length, lateral impression developed along entire length of pronotum, narrow, moderately deep, filled with large (0.05–0.08 mm), partly coalescent, obsolete punctures with wrinkled intervals. Pronotal disc evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures, lateral callus with several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures near anterior angles and outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron convex, with distinct lateral wrinkles and weak impression. Anterior cavity of prosternum absent. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron obsolete. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.02 mm), mostly irregular, with some abbreviated paired rows hardly visible. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with only few setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 narrow in both sexes, with tarsomere 1 broadened in male, with entire sole in both sexes. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.3 X as wide as 2nd, as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with weak, shallow longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple in both sexes, convex in female, depressed medially, with apical margin broadly emarginate in male.
Aedeagus 2.6 X as long as wide, slightly broadened towards apical orifice, with apical margin in curly bracket form (Figs 7H; 11H). Aedeagus without apical denticles. Setiferous pores present laterally near apex. Aedeagus strongly curved, flagellum absent. Apical orifice 0.4 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca absent. Female ovoviviparous.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) pingchuana Lopatin, 2013
Chrysolina pingchuana Lopatin, 2013: 768
Material examined (Fig. 17): Holotype with labels: “China, Sichuan Province, W Pingchuan Town, 27°40′07″N / 101°44′04″E − 27°39′09″N / 101°43′31″E, 3,735–3,695 m, 18.07.2011, Belousov, Kabak leg.”, “Holotypus Chrysolina pingchuana sp. n. I. Lopatin design.”, “Chrysolina pingchuana m. det I. Lopatin, 2011”: male (ZIN). Non type specimens: China, Sichuan Province, S of Muli, 3,485–3,685 m, 27°45′55″N / 101°15′50″E − 27°45′38″N / 101°15′54″E, 20.05.2012, I. Belousov, G. Davidian, I. Kabak, A. Korolev leg.: 2 males (BC); China, Sichuan Province, S of Muli, 3,720–3,780 m, 27°45′24″N / 101°15′59″E − 27°44′14″N / 101°15′24″E, 21.05.2012, I. Belousov, G. Davidian, I. Kabak, A. Korolev leg.: 52 specimens (BC).
Description. Dorsal side metallic purple with green (Fig. 3A). Head green, pronotum entirely green or with diffuse narrow purple anterior and posterior stripes, elytra green with diffuse narrow purple basal, lateral, and sutural stripes, or elytra purple with alternating diffuse green stripes, underside and legs greenish (partly violet) black, antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomere rufous below apically. Dorsum dull or sericeous shining, microreticulate and micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere in male securiform, with narrow base and broad, obliquely truncate apex, 1.2 X as long as wide, 1.5 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.7 X as wide as the latter, in female with almost parallel sides, transversely truncate apically, 1.4 X as long as wide, 1.2 X as long as penultimate palpomere, as wide as the latter (Fig. 10F). Base of antenna 3.7 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line broad and deep.
Pronotum 2.0 X as wide as long, broadest basally or before base and distinctly narrowing forward, with lateral sides rounded, with anterior side deeply emarginate. Lateral callus moderately convex along entire length, lateral impression broad, obsolete along entire length of pronotum. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (about 0.02 mm) punctures, with numerous larger punctures (0.03–0.05 mm) covering lateral impression. Several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures present along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron weakly convex, with obsolete lateral wrinkles or without wrinkles, with obsolete lateral impression not reaching anterior cavity. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron broad, deep. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures moderate (0.03–0.05 mm), shallow, arranged in abbreviated scutellar row and 9 paired, regular ones. Rows distinct or indistinct because of numerous irregular punctures in broad intervals between pairs of rows. Punctures in rows are dense. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with only few setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 narrow in female, broadened in male, with entire sole in both sexes. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.3 X as wide as 2nd, 0.9 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with obsolete longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex in both sexes, with apical margin broadly truncate in male.
Aedeagus 3.8 X as long as wide, with parallel lateral sides, slightly narrowing at sides of apical orifice and broadly truncate apically (Figs 7I; 11I). Aedeagus without apical denticles. Aedeagus evenly strongly curved, strongly depressed dorso-ventrally, with flagellum simple, narrow, whip-shaped, exposed. Apical orifice 0.2 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca present (Fig. 14G).
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) purpureoviridis Lopatin, 2005
Chrysolina purpureoviridis Lopatin, 2005: 875
Material examined (Fig. 16): Holotype with labels: “China, Sichuan, WNW of Danba, 10–10.6 km S of Bianer, 4,475–4,770 m, 23.08.2004, Belousov & Kabak leg.”, “Holotypus”, “Chrysolina purpureoviridis sp. n. det. I. Lopatin, 2004”: male (ZIN). Non type specimen: “China, Sichuan, WNW of Danba, 10 km S of Bianer (Bianr), 4,490–4,660 m, 22.08.2004, Belousov & Kabak leg.”, “30°57′55″N / 101°33′02″E − 30°57′48″N / 101°33′07″E”: 1 female, labelled as “Paratypus” (ZIN) – not a paratype, as it is not mentioned in the original description and collected on a different date.
Description. Dorsal side metallic purple with green (Fig. 3B). Head purple with green stripes forming triangle on frons, pronotum green with golden tint, with purple median abbreviated stripe and lateral calli, elytra mostly purple (or purple with alternating indistinct green stripes) with golden green suture and golden lateral stripe occupying the last interval of puncture rows, underside and legs black, antennae black with 1st antennomere rufous below apically, 2nd antennomere rufous. Head and pronotum moderately shining, elytra sericeous (male) or dull (female), dorsum microreticulate and micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.5 X as long as wide, 1.1 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.2 X as wide as the latter, similar in both sexes (Fig. 10G). Base of antenna 2.3 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line obsolete.
Pronotum 2.1 X as wide as long, broadest basally and distinctly narrowing forward, with lateral sides slightly emarginate in basal 1/2, and slightly rounded anteriorly, with anterior side deeply emarginate. Lateral callus weakly convex along entire length, lateral impression broad, obsolete along entire length of pronotum. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (about 0.02 mm) punctures, with 1–2 larger punctures (0.03 mm) near anterior angle. These punctures do not belong to setiferous pores, since there is no seta, and the puncture is distant from the marginal border by a distance 3 X its diameter. Several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures present along outer margin of lateral callus. Lateral impression without large punctures. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron weakly convex, with obsolete lateral wrinkles, with obsolete lateral impression reaching anterior cavity and deepened anteriorly. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron small. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures moderate to large (0.05–0.08 mm), shallow, partly arranged in slightly paired, undulate rows. Punctures in rows are sparse. Elytron surface with some obsolete longitudinal calli in puncture intervals and with fine, weak irregular wrinkles. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, densely ciliate apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 narrow in female, slightly broadened in male, with entire sole in both sexes. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.2 X as wide as 2nd, 0.9 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with obsolete longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex in both sexes (slightly swollen in female), with apical margin broadly emarginate in male, broadly truncate in female, and bearing deep furrow along apical margin in both sexes.
Aedeagus 2.8 X as long as wide, with parallel lateral sides, slightly narrowing at sides of apical orifice and bearing short apical lobe (Figs 7J; 12A). Aedeagus without apical denticles. Aedeagus evenly strongly curved, with flagellum straight, simple, tube-shaped, exposed. Apical orifice 0.4 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca absents.
Body length: 8.0 mm (male), 8.3 mm (female); aedeagus 2.6 mm long, 0.9 mm wide.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) rotundata Lopatin, 2002
Chrysolina rotundata Lopatin, 2002: 113
Material examined (Fig. 16): Holotype with labels: “Sichuan, Qunlaishan Mt. R., WSW of Lixian, W of Mt. 5,892, 2,500–4,100 m, 13.7.2000, Belousov, Kabak, Davidian”, “Holotypus”, “Chrysolina rotundata sp.n. det. I. Lopatin, 2001”: male (ZIN).
Description. Male (female unknown). Dorsal side metallic green with diffuse purple pattern: spots on frons near eyes, stripes at anterior and posterior sides of pronotum and lateral sides of disc inward from lateral depressions, and irregular spots on elytron (Fig. 3C). Underside and legs black; antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Dorsum moderately shining, microreticulate and micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.2 X as long as wide, 1.2 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.3 X as wide as the latter (Fig. 10H). Base of antenna 3.3X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line absent. Frons more convex, than in Ch. viridiopaca, without punctures in the middle.
Pronotum 2.1 X as wide as long, broadest basally, with lateral sides almost parallel in basal 1/2, rounded in apical 1/2, with anterior side moderately deeply emarginate, anterior angles protruding forward. Lateral callus convex along entire length, lateral impression narrow, deep in apical 1/3 and basal 1/3, and broad, shallow in medial 1/3. Lateral impression with 4 large (0.05 mm) punctures in medial 1/3 (left side) or without punctures (right side). Pronotal disc and lateral calli evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures. Several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures pesent along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron convex, with lateral wrinkles, and with impression reaching anterior cavity. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron distinct. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron with obsolete humeral callus. Elytral punctures moderate (0.03–0.06 mm), mostly irregular, with some paired rows in anterior 1/2. Intervals finely sparsely wrinkled. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, without setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 slightly broadened in male, with entire sole. Male 1st protarsomere 1.3 X as wide as 2nd, as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with shallow impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, with apical margin broadly truncate in male.
Aedeagus 3.2 X as long as wide, slightly broadened towards apical orifice, rounded at apex, without apical denticles (Figs 7K; 12B). Aedeagus curved near mid-length and slightly recurved upwards near apex, with flagellum narrow, simple, slightly exposed. Apical orifice 0.2 X as long as aedeagus length.
Body length: 5.6 mm (male); aedeagus 1.8 mm long, 0.6 mm wide.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) sichuanica Lopatin, 2002
Chrysolina sichuanica Lopatin, 2002: 111
Material examined (Fig. 17): Holotype with labels: “Sichuan, right bank of Niuzhine Riv., E of Pusium Village, 2,500–2,700 m, 17.06.2000, Belousov, Kabak, Davidian”, “Holotypus”, “Chrysolina sichuanica sp. n. det. I. Lopatin, 2001”: male (ZIN); paratypes with the same labels, but “Paratypus”: 1 male, 1 female (ZIN).
Description. Dorsal side metallic: green with purple and violet (Fig. 3D). Head green with violet spots on clypeus and frons; pronotum green with irregular violet or purple spots; in male, elytron green with irregular purple spots laterally and apically and mostly purple with irregular green spots basally and along suture; in female, elytron mostly green with irregular purple pattern; scutellum black or green; underside and tibiae mostly green, femora and tarsi black; antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Head and pronotum sericeous, elytra moderately shining, microreticulate and micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.4 X as long as wide, 1.3 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.1 X as wide as the latter, similar in both sexes (Fig. 10I). Base of antenna 2.0 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line absent.
Pronotum 2.0 X as wide as long, broadest near mid-length, with lateral sides rounded, slightly narrowed backward, more narrowed forward, with anterior side deeply emarginate, anterior angles strongly protruding forward. Lateral callus moderately convex along entire length, lateral impression broad, shallow, developed along entire length of pronotum. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures. Lateral impression without large punctures. Several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures present along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron weakly convex, with obsolete lateral impression, without lateral wrinkles. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.01–0.03 mm), mostly irregular, with paired hardly visible rows. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with only few setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 slightly broadened, with entire sole in both sexes. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.3 X as wide as 2nd, 0.9 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with weak, shallow longitudinal impression along almost entire length except near apex.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, with apical margin shallowly broadly emarginate.
Aedeagus 5.0 X as long as wide, with parallel lateral sides in apical 1/2, with apical margin rounded and bearing small apical emargination (Figs 7L; 12C). Aedeagus bearing 2 groups of long apical setae, without denticles. These groups of apical setae of the aedeagus were erroneously called “two spiny processes” in the original description (Lopatin, 2002).Apical orifice very long, occupying apical 1/3 of aedeagus. Aedeagus S-shaped in lateral view, with flagellum narrow, simple, exposed.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) sicieni Ge et Yang, 2011
Chrysolina sicieni Ge et Yang in: Daccordi et al. 2011: 310
Material examined (Fig. 16): Paratype with labels: “China: N Sichuan, pass 10 km SSE Rilong, 30.55°N, 102.53E˚, 4,300 m, J. Kaláb leg., 19.VIII.2005, alpine meadows, screes” [30.55°N, 102.53°E in the label is obviously an error; it should be 30°55′N, 102°53′E], “Paratypus”, “Chrysolina sicieni n. sp. det. M. Daccordi 2018”: 1 male (BC). Non type specimens: China, Sichuan Province, Pass Baoxing–Xiaojin, 30°52′20″N / 102°41′01″E, 4,085 m, 15.06.2012, I. Kabak, A. Korolev leg.: 1 male, 2 females (BC); Sichuan, Kangding, NNE Yalaxiang, Shuangyanwo, 30°14′20″–30°14′22″N / 102°0′48″–102°1′21″E, 8.7.2013, 3,915–3,980 m, I. Belousov, I. Kabak leg. : 1 male (BC); C Sichuan mts., 12 km SSE of Rilong, Dong He River, source area 30°54′N / 102°53′E, 4,100 m, 20.6.2013, J. Kaláb leg.: 1 male (BC).
Description. Dorsal side metallic green with purple and golden pattern: clypeus with purple spot, frons with golden or purple spot, pronotum with green, or golden, or purple lateral calli, usually with diffuse purple pattern on disc or with disc entirely green (Fig. 4A). Elytron green with suture golden and with 3–4 longitudinal purple stripes: broad ones along suture and laterally, and 1–2 narrow ones on disc, or elytron purple with golden suture, 2 narrow stripes on disc, and lateral side. Underside, femora, and tibiae golden green, propleura violet or purple, tarsi black; antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Dorsum entirely sericeous shining, or with elytra very shining, or entirely very shining, entirely microreticulate and micropunctulate, or elytra without microreticulation.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, transversely or obliquely truncate apically, 1.5 X as long as wide, 1.2 X as long as penultimate palpomere, as wide as the latter, similar in both sexes (Fig. 10J). Base of antenna 2.0–4.7 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line distinct.
Pronotum 1.8 X as wide as long, broadest basally or at mid-length, with lateral sides more convergent forward than backward, with lateral sides evenly rounded or with lateral sides almost straight in basal 1/2, with anterior side moderately emarginate. Lateral callus moderately convex along entire length. Lateral impression developed along entire length of pronotum, narrow, moderately deep, filled with several large (0.06–0.08 mm) punctures. Pronotal disc evenly covered with sparse, fine (0.01–0.02 mm) punctures, lateral callus with several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures near anterior angles and outer margin. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron convex, with distinct lateral wrinkles, with distinct lateral impression reaching anterior cavity. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron distinct or obsolete. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron with obsolete humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.02 mm), mostly irregular, partly arranged in hardly visible rows. In some specimens, elytron covered with large (0.1 mm) dense very shallow holes. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, without setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 broad in male, narrow in female, with entire sole in both sexes. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.2 X as wide as 2nd, as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with shallow longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex in both sexes, slightly swollen in female, with apical margin broadly emarginate in male.
Aedeagus 3.2 X as long as wide, with parallel sides, with apical margin elongate, roundly triangular (Figs 7M; 12D). Aedeagus without apical denticles. Aedeagus strongly curved, flagellum absent. Apical orifice 0.4 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca absent.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) songpana Lopatin, 2007
Chrysolina songpana Lopatin, 2007: 179
Material examined (Fig. 16): Holotype with labels: “CH, N Sichuan, S Songpan, ESE Zhenjiangguan 32°17′54″N / 103°47′46″E 32°17′58″N / 103°47′55″E 4,100–4,185 m, 17.07.2005 Belousov & Kabak”, “Holotypus”, “Chrysolina songpana sp. n. det. I. Lopatin, 2006”: male (ZIN).
Description. Dorsal side metallic green with golden reflection on head and pronotum and with purple pattern: transverse spot on vertex, pronotal lateral calli and 3 diffuse spots on disc, narrow stripes along elytral base, suture and lateral side (Fig. 4C). Underside and legs black with golden green reflection; antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Dorsum moderately shining, microreticulate and micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.4 X as long as wide, 1.1 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.1 X as wide as the latter (Fig. 10K). Base of antenna 2.3X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line absent.
Pronotum 2.2 X as wide as long, broadest basally, narrowing forward: almost rectilinearly in basal 1/2, roundly in apical 1/2, with anterior side deeply emarginate, anterior angles strongly protruding forward. Lateral callus convex along entire length, lateral impression developed along entire length of pronotum, narrow, moderately deep in basal 1/3, wide, shallow in apical 2/3. Lateral impression with several large (0.05–0.06 mm) punctures, partly coalescent basally. Pronotal disc and lateral calli evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures. Several punctures (0.03 mm) present along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron weakly convex, without lateral wrinkles, with obsolete lateral impression reaching anterior cavity. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures double: moderate (0.03–0.05 mm) and fine (0.02 mm), mostly irregular, moderate punctures partly arranged in hardly visible rows. Sutural furrow distinct, strong at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with only single setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 narrow in male, with entire sole. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.2 X as wide as 2nd, as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with obsolete impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, with apical margin broadly truncate in male.
Aedeagus 4.2 X as long as wide, with almost parallel lateral sides, hardly broadened at sides of apical orifice, with apical margin rounded, without apical denticles (Figs 7N; 12E). Aedeagus S-shaped in lateral view, with flagellum narrow, simple, exposed. Apical orifice 0.3 X as long as aedeagus length.
Body length: 5.7 mm (male); aedeagus 2.0 mm long, 0.5 mm wide.
Variability. Female: head and pronotum with metallic violet reflection (Lopatin 2007).
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) viridiopaca Lopatin, 2004
Chrysolina viridiopaca Lopatin, 2004: 616
Material examined (Fig. 16): Holotype with labels: “Xinjiang, Boro-Khoro northern spur. N slope of Tenghirdavan Mt. R., SE of Jinghe, 2,800–3,100 m, 29.07.2000, Belousov & Kabak leg.”, “Holotypus”, “Chrysolina viridiopaca sp. n. det. I. Lopatin, 2002”: female (ZIN). Non type specimens: Sichuan, N Lixian, Mengdonggou & Lianghekou div., W Xing Fanweizi 31°45′27″N / 103°16′40″E, 14.06.2017, 4,055 m, I. Belousov, G. Davidian & I. Kabak leg.: 4 males, 1 female (BC); Sichuan, N Lixian, Mengdonggou & Lianghekou div., W Xing Fanweizi 31°45′11″N / 103°17′10″E, 14.06.2017, 4,220 m, I. Belousov, G. Davidian & I. Kabak leg.: 2 males, 1 female (BC); Sichuan, E Maoxian-Songpan road, 0.8 km SE Maanyao, 31°59′48″N / 103°45′8″E, 01.07.2015, 3,750 m, I. Belousov, G. Davidian & I. Kabak leg.: 3 males, 2 females (BC, RC); Sichuan, E Maoxian-Songpan road, Maanyao-Yeniutang pass, 32°00′N / 103°45′24″E, 01.07.2015, 3,955 m, I. Belousov, G. Davidian & I. Kabak leg.: 1 male, 1 female (BC); Sichuan, E Maoxian-Songpan road, 1.4 km SW Maanyao, 31°59′28″N / 103°44′9E, 30.06.2015, 3,580 m, I. Belousov, I. Kabak, G. Davidian leg.: 1 male, 1 female (BC).
Description. Dorsal side metallic, usually green with diffuse purple spots: on clypeus, on frons near eyes, on pronotal disc and lateral calli, along elytral basal, sutural and lateral sides; rarely with diffuse spot at pronotal disc or elytra mostly purple (Fig. 4B). Underside and legs black with weak metallic reflection; antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Dorsum from sericeous to shining, microreticulate and micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.2 X as long as wide, 1.2 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.2 X as wide as the latter, similar in both sexes (Fig. 10L). Base of antenna 2.0 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line weak.
Pronotum 2.0–2.1 X as wide as long, broadest basally or at mid-length, with lateral sides rounded, more convergent forward than backward, with anterior side moderately emarginate, anterior angles protruding forward. Lateral callus convex along entire length, lateral impression narrow, deep in apical 1/3 and basal 1/3, and broad, shallow in medial 1/3. Lateral impression with several moderate (0.05 mm) punctures in medial 1/3 or without punctures. Pronotal disc and lateral calli evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures. Several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures present along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron convex, with irregular lateral wrinkles, without lateral impression. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron broad, deep. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron with obsolete humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.02–0.03 mm), rarely up to 0.05 mm, mostly irregular, with some hardly visible paired rows in anterior 1/2. Intervals finely sparsely wrinkled. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with sparse setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 strongly broadened in male, narrow in female, with entire sole in both sexes. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.1 X as wide as long, 1.2 X as wide as 2nd, as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with obsolete impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, with apical margin broadly truncate in male, rounded in female.
Male aedeagus 3.9 X as long as wide, almost parallel-sided, roundly truncate at apex, with apical denticles on ventral side. Setiferous pores present dorsally at sides of apical margin. Aedeagus evenly curved in lateral view, with flagellum tube-shaped, slightly exposed (Figs 7O; 12 F). Apical orifice 0.2 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca present (Fig. 14F).
Body length: 5.3–6.0 mm (male), 6.0–7.0 mm (female); aedeagus 2.0 mm long, 0.5 mm wide.
Comments. Lopatin (2004) described this species on the basis of only one female with the label “Xinjiang, Boro-Khoro”. However, in Xinjiang, beetles with such morphological characters are not found till now. Besides that, Chrysolina viridiopaca belongs to a group of species that does not occur beyond Sichuan. The type locality label is evidently incorrect.
Lopatin (2004) correctly compared this species with Ch. rotundata from Sichuan, and distinguished it by: 1) body less shining, 2) different ratio of antennomeres, 3) wider pronotum, and 4) intervals of elytral puncture rows with few fine punctures.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) aurita sp. nov.
Type locality of Chrysolina aurita sp. nov. Photo by I. A. Belousov and I.I. Kabak
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Material examined (Figs 17 and 18): Holotype: China, Sichuan Province, NW of Mianning, 3,895–4,060 m, 28°39′51″N / 102°00′22″E − 28°39′58″N / 102°00′31″E, 8.06.2012, I. Belousov, G. Davidian, I. Kabak, A. Korolev leg.: male (ZIN); paratypes with the same label: 3 females, 1 male (ZIN, BC); China, Sichuan Province, NW of Mianning, 4,035–4,300 m, 28°40′03″N / 102°00′56″E − 28°40′07″N / 102°00′49″E, 7.06.2012, I. Belousov, G. Davidian, I. Kabak, A. Korolev leg.: 8 males, 16 females (ZIN, BC); China, Sichuan Province, NW of Mianning, 3,410 m, 28°39′46″N / 101°59′23″E, 9.06.2012, I. Belousov, G. Davidian, I. Kabak, A. Korolev leg.: 10 males, 3 females (BC); China, Sichuan Province, NW of Mianning, 3,325 m, 28°39′46″N / 101°59′04″E, 9.06.2012, I. Belousov, G. Davidian, I. Kabak, A. Korolev leg.: 1 male, 1 female (BC); China, Sichuan Province, NW of Mianning, 2,955 m, 28°39′13″N / 101°58′34″E, 9.06.2012, I. Belousov, G. Davidian, I. Kabak, A. Korolev leg.: 12 males, 10 females (BC).
Description. Male (holotype). Dorsal side, underside, femora, and tibiae metallic green, with golden reflection on frons and pronotal disc (Fig. 4D). Tarsi black, antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Dorsum very shining, micropunctulate, without distinct microreticulation.
Last maxillary palpomere securiform, with narrow base and broad, almost truncate apex, 1.2 X as long as wide, 1.3 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.4 X as wide as the latter (Fig. 10M). Base of antenna 2 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line broad and deep.
Pronotum 2.1 X as wide as long, broadest at mid-length, with lateral sides rounded, more convergent forward than backward, with anterior side shallowly emarginate. Lateral callus moderately convex along entire length, swollen at anterior corner, narrow. Lateral impression very broad, moderately deep along entire length of pronotum, spreading on inner side of lateral callus. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (about 0.02 mm) punctures, with numerous large punctures (0.08–0.09 mm) covering lateral impression, and several moderate (0.04 mm) punctures along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron convex, with distinct lateral impression reaching anterior cavity, and with obsolete lateral wrinkles. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron very small. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron with obsolete humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.01–0.02 mm), sparse, mostly irregular, some abbreviated indistinct rows can be traced. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 narrow, with entire sole. 1st fore-tarsomere 1.2 X as wide as 2nd, 0.9 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with obsolete longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, with apical margin broadly truncate.
Aedeagus 3.8 X as long as wide, with almost parallel lateral sides, slightly broadened at sides of apical orifice, with apex triangular and bearing small apical emargination, with apical denticles on ventral side (Figs 8A; 12G). Aedeagus evenly strongly curved in lateral view, moderately depressed dorso-ventrally, with flagellum simple, narrow, exposed. Apical orifice 0.3 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca absent.
Body length: 6.3 mm, aedeagus 1.6 mm long, 0.4 mm wide.
Variability. Dorsum bluish green in some specimens, rarely violet. Underside and legs violet in some specimens. Females 6.4–7.4 mm long, with tarsomeres 1–3 slightly narrower than in males, especially tarsomeres 1. Males 5.8–6.3 mm long.
Differential diagnosis. New species belongs to the species group with the last maxillary palpomere slightly securiform. It is morpholgically close to Ch. pingchuana and differs in the peculiar shape of pronotum bearing very broad lateral impression covered with numerous large punctures.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) auriviridis sp. nov.
Type locality of Chrysolina tortilla sp. nov. Photo by I. A. Belousov and I.I. Kabak
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Type locality of Chrysolina bellissima sp. nov. Photo by I. A. Belousov and I.I. Kabak
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Type locality of Chrysolina korolevi sp. nov. Photo by I. A. Belousov and I.I. Kabak
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Type locality of Chrysolina pilula sp. nov. Photo by I. A. Belousov and I.I. Kabak
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Type locality of Chrysolina auriviridis sp. nov. Photo by I. A. Belousov and I.I. Kabak
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Material examined (Figs 17 and 23): Holotype: China, Sichuan Prov., SSE Shimian, S Zhuma, 29°0′19″N / 102°27′24″E, 26.05.2014, 3,625 m, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg.: male (ZIN); paratype: 1 male with the same label (BC).
Description. Male (holotype). Dorsal side metallic green with black scutellum (Fig. 5A). Propleura, abdominal ventrites, femora and tibiae green, prosternum, underside of meso- and metathorax black with green reflection, tarsi black, antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Dorsum shining, micropunctulate, besides that head microreticulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.2 X as long as wide, 1.1 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.3 X as wide as the latter (Fig. 10N). Base of antenna 2.8 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line weakly impressed.
Pronotum 1.9 X as wide as long, broadest before base, with lateral sides rounded, slightly more convergent forward than backward, with anterior side moderately emarginate. Lateral callus convex along entire length. Lateral impression broad, very shallow, evenly developed along entire length of pronotum, with rounded weak impression at mid-length. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures. Lateral impression without large punctures. Several fine (0.02 mm) punctures present along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron almost flat, with obsolete lateral wrinkles, without lateral impression (Fig. 9C). Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.01–0.02 mm), sparse, mostly irregular, with some abbreviated rows hardly traced. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, ciliate apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 narrow, with entire sole. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.3 X as wide as 2nd, 0.9 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with weak, shallow longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, weakly convex, with apical margin broadly truncate.
Aedeagus 3.8 X as long as wide, with almost parallel lateral sides, slightly broadened at sides of apical orifice, with apical margin triangular (Figs 8B; 12H). Aedeagus without apical denticles. Aedeagus strongly curved, arc-shaped, with apical part recurved upwards in lateral view, with flagellum narrow, simple, exposed. Apical orifice very long, 0.4 X as long as total length of aedeagus.
Body length: 6.3 mm, aedeagus 2.4 mm long, 0.6 mm wide.
Variability. Male dorsally green with golden reflection on pronotal calli and elytra. Female unknown.
Differential diagnosis. New species is morphologically close to Ch. pulchra sp. nov. and Ch. davidiani and differs from the former in aedeagus almost parallel-sided, and from the latter in aedeagus triangular apically and curved upward.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) bellissima sp. nov.
Material examined (Figs 16 and 20): Holotype: China, Sichuan Prov., N Luding city, N Lanan, 30°5′26″N / 102°14′34″E, 3,885 m, 21.05.2014, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg.: male (ZIN); paratypes: 6 females, 7 males with the same label (ZIN, BC, RC); China, Sichuan Prov., N Luding city, N Lanan, 30°5′14″N / 102°13′54″E, 3,670 m, 20.05.2014, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg.: 3 males (BC, RC); China, C Sichuan Prov., mts. 12 km SE-SSE Wodi, alpine meadows, screes, 30°40′N / 102°14′E 4,400 m, 14–16.6.2016, J. Kaláb leg.: 1 female (BC).
Description. Male (holotype). Dorsal side metallic green with purple and golden pattern: clypeus with purple transverse stripe, frons golden green with central violet spot, pronotum with golden green lateral calli and purple pattern on disc (Fig. 5B). Elytron green with suture golden green margined laterally with purple, with narrow purple stripe basally and broad purple stripe laterally, disc green with diffuse purple pattern. Underside, femora, and tibiae mostly bluish green, tarsi black. Antennae bluish black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Dorsum entirely shining, micropunctulate and obsoletely microreticulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.5 X as long as wide, 1.3 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.2 X as wide as the latter (Fig. 10O). Base of antenna 2.4 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line deep.
Pronotum 1.9 X as wide as long, broadest before base, with lateral sides evenly rounded, with anterior side moderately emarginate. Lateral callus convex along entire length, lateral impression developed along entire length of pronotum, narrow, moderately deep, filled with sparse, moderate (0.05 mm) punctures, partly coalescent. Pronotal disc evenly covered with sparse, fine (0.01 mm) punctures, lateral callus with several moderate (0.03–0.05 mm) punctures near anterior angle and along outer margin. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron convex, with obsolete lateral wrinkles, with distinct lateral impression reaching anterior cavity. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.01–0.02 mm), sparse, entirely irregular. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with few setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 narrow, with entire sole, with only tarsomere 1 moderately broadened in all tarsi, especially in fore- and mid-ones. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.4 X as wide as 2nd, 1.1 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium without longitudinal impression.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, with apical margin broadly emarginate and bearing apical furrow along apical margin.
Aedeagus 3.4 X as long as wide, with almost parallel sides, slightly narrowed at sides of apical orifice, with rounded apical lobe, slightly constricted at base, without distinct apical denticles (Figs 8C; 12I). Aedeagus strongly curved in lateral view. Flagellum absent. Apical orifice 0.6 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca absent. Female ovoviviparous.
Body length: 7.9 mm; aedeagus 3.3 mm long, 1.0 mm wide.
Variability. Males 7.4–8.6 mm, females 7.2–8.2 mm long. Female tarsomeres 1–3 narrow, with entire sole; apical margin of last abdominal ventrite rounded.
Differential diagnosis. New species is externally rather close to Ch. luyoui and especially to Ch. mirabilis and differs in aedeagus bearing broad, rounded apical lobe constricted at its base, without apical denticles.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) ferdinandoi sp. nov.
Material examined (Fig. 16): Holotype: China, N Sichuan, mts. 40 km ENE Heishui, 32.12°N / 103.23°E, 4,100 m, 25.6.2004, J. Kaláb leg.: male (ZIN); paratypes: 2 females with the same label (BC); China, N Sichuan, mts. 40 km ENE Heishui, 32.12°N / 103.23°E, 4,100 m, alpine meadows, screes, 25–29.6.2004, J. Kaláb leg.: 2 females (BC), 7 males, 3 females (DC), 1 male, 1 female (NMB).
Description. Male (holotype). Dorsal side metallic: head purple with golden green spot at frons, pronotum golden green with purple lateral calli, elytra green, narrowly margined with purple laterally, basally and along suture (Fig. 5C). Underside, femora and tibiae green with purple pattern; tarsi black, antennae black with metallic reflection, with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Dorsum moderately shining, distinctly microreticulate and micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, with maximal width in basal 1/2, obliquely truncate apically, 1.3 X as long as wide, similar with previous palpomere in length and width (Fig. 10P). Base of antenna 2 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line deep.
Pronotum 2.0 X as wide as long, broadest basally, narrowing forward: very slightly and almost rectilinearly in basal 1/2, roundly in apical 1/2, with anterior side moderately emarginate. Lateral callus convex along entire length. Lateral impression developed along entire length of pronotum, narrow, moderately deep in basal 1/3, and wide, more shallow in apical 2/3. Lateral impression with only few large (0.05 mm) punctures in basal 1/3 of lateral impression. Pronotal disc and lateral calli evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures, with several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures along outer side of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron weakly convex, without lateral impression, with weak lateral wrinkles. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent or obsolete. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures moderate (0.03–0.05 mm) mostly irregular and partly arranged in rows. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with only single setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 moderately broadened, especially in fore- and mid-legs, with entire sole. 1st protarsomere 1.2 X as wide as 2nd, 0.8 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with obsolete impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, apical margin with broad shallow emargination.
Aedeagus 4.4 X as long as wide, with parallel lateral sides, with apical margin rounded, bearing 2 apical denticles on ventral side (Figs 8D; 13A). Aedeagus arc-shaped and moderately curved in lateral view, with flagellum narrow, diamond-shaped at apex, exposed. Apical orifice 0.3 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca present (Fig. 14C).
Body length: 6.0 mm; aedeagus 1.9 mm long, 0.4 mm wide. Apical orifice as long as 0.3 X aedeagus length.
Variability. Males 6.8 mm, females 7.6 mm long. Female tarsomeres 1–3 narrow, with entire sole, last abdominal ventrite rounded apically.
Differential diagnosis. New species is morphologically close to Ch. songpana and differs in aedeagus arc-shaped, but not S-shaped in lateral view.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) korolevi sp. nov.
Material examined (Figs 16 and 21): Holotype: China, Sichuan, Jiuzhaigou County, N Dajisi Village, 33°23′22″N 103°49′26″E, pass, 22.06.2012, I. Belousov, I. Kabak, G. Davidian, A. Korolev leg.: male (ZIN); paratypes: with the same label: 1 male (ZIN); China, Sichuan, WNW of Jiuzhaigou, 33°21′19″N / 103°48′06″E − 33°22′43″N / 103°48′27″E, pass, 21.06.2012, I. Belousov, G. Davidian, I. Kabak, A. Korolev leg. : 1 female (BC); China, Gansu, WWS Longnan (Wudu), Yin Duoguosa & Aounang divide 33°21′14″N / 104°29′45″E, 22.06.2017, 3,650 m, I. Belousov, G. Davidian, I. Kabak: 1 male (BC).
Description. Male (holotype). Dorsal side metallic: head and pronotum bluish green, elytra violet, legs and underside bluish green with violet spots, tarsi black, antennae black with metallic reflection, with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically (Fig. 5D). Dorsum entirely sericeous shining, microreticulate and micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.2 X as long as wide, 1.1 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.2 X as wide as the latter (Fig. 10R). Base of antenna 2.3 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line deep.
Pronotum 2.1 X as wide as long, broadest basally, moderately convergent forward, with lateral sides slightly rounded, with anterior side deeply emarginate. Lateral callus moderately convex along entire length. Lateral impression developed along entire length of pronotum, broad, moderately deep, filled with numerous moderate (0,05 mm) punctures, spreading on inner side of lateral callus. Pronotal disc evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures, lateral callus with several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures near anterior angles and outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron weakly convex, with obsolete lateral wrinkles, without lateral impression. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron shallow. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron weak. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron with obsolete humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.02–0.03 mm), arranged in paired rows, hardly visible between irregular fine (0.02 mm) punctures. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with few very short setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 slightly broadened, with entire sole. 1st fore-tarsomere 1.3 X as wide as 2nd, as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with shallow longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, with apical margin broadly truncate.
Aedeagus 5.4 X as long as wide, with parallel sides, with apical margin elongate, rounded (Figs 8E; 13B). Aedeagus without apical denticles. Aedeagus strongly curved before mid-length, slightly recurved upwards in apical 1/2 in lateral view, flagellum narrow, exposed. Apical orifice 0.3 X as long as aedeagus length.
Female spermatheca present (Fig. 14B). Female ovoviviparous.
Body length: 7.0 mm, aedeagus 2.6 mm long, 0.5 mm wide.
Variability. Dorsum entirely violet (specimens from Sichuan) or entirely green (male from Gansu). Female with tarsomeres 1–3 narrow, with entire sole; last abdominal ventrite as in male. Body length: 7.8 mm (female); 6.4–7.0 mm (males).
Differential diagnosis. New species belongs to the species group with males rather large (6.5–9.5 mm long) and bearing pronotum with deep impression or furrow along entire length. It differs from Ch. nesterovae, Ch. sicieni, Ch. luyoui, Ch. mirabilis, and Ch. bellissima sp. nov. in the flagellum of aedeagus narrow, exposed.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) latipes sp. nov.
Type locality of Chrysolina latipes sp. nov. Photo by I. A. Belousov and I.I. Kabak
Citation: Animal Taxonomy and Ecology 70, 2; 10.1556/1777.2024.12965
Material examined (Figs 16 and 24): Holotype: China, Sichuan, WNW Pingwu, 6.1 km NW Huyaxiang, 32°33′13″N / 104°0′30″E, 27.06.2016, 3,445 m, I. Belousov, I. Kabak leg.: male (ZIN); paratypes: 2 males, 2 females with the same label (ZIN, BC).
Description. Male (holotype). Dorsal side metallic golden green, underside green with violet spots, femora and tibiae dark green, tarsi black, antennae black with 1st antennomere rufous below apically (Fig. 6A). Head, pronotum, and elytra shining, micropunctulate.
Last maxillary palpomere slightly securiform, transversely truncate apically, 1.2 X as long as wide, 1.5 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.2 X as wide as the latter (Fig. 10S). Base of antenna 2 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line obsolete.
Pronotum 1.9 X as wide as long, broadest basally, with lateral sides almost straight, slightly emarginate in basal 1/2, rounded in anterior 1/2, convergent forward, with anterior side weakly emarginate. Lateral callus moderately convex along entire length. Lateral impression broad, shallow, evenly developed along entire length of pronotum. Pronotum evenly covered with sparse, fine (0.01 mm) punctures. Lateral impression without large punctures. Several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures present along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron weakly convex, almost flat, with obsolete irregular lateral wrinkles and without lateral impression. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron with obsolete humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.02 mm), sparse, irregular. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with few setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 broad, with entire sole. 1st fore-tarsomere 1.2 X as wide as 2nd, 0.9 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with weak, shallow longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, with apical margin broadly truncate.
Aedeagus 4.4 X as long as wide, with almost parallel lateral sides, slightly broadened in apical 1/2, slightly narrowing at sides of apical orifice, with shallow apical emargination and obtuse apical denticles ventrally (Figs 8F, 13C). Aedeagus strongly curved, arc-shaped in lateral view, with flagellum narrow, simple, exposed. Apical orifice 0.2 X as long as total length of aedeagus.
Female spermatheca present (Fig. 14D).
Body length: 7.0 mm, aedeagus 2.7 mm long, 0.6 mm wide.
Variability. Body length: 6.4–7.4 mm (males), 7.8–8.0 mm (females). Female tarsomeres 1–3 narrow, with entire sole.
Differential diagnosis. New species belongs to the species group with the last maxillary palpomere slightly securiform (couplets 2–7 in the Key to species) and differs from them in the absense of large punctures on lateral parts of pronotum.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) ovata sp. nov.
Material examined (Fig. 17): Holotype: China, Sichuan, W Ningnan Xian, E Niubaoshan, 3.8 km W Bibucun, 27°03′40″N / 102°32′49″E, 30.06.2018, 3,360 m, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg.: male (ZIN); paratypes: 1 male, 4 females with the same labels (ZIN, BC).
Description. Male (holotype). Dorsal side metallic green with diffuse violet pattern on pronotum and black scutellum (Fig. 6B). Propleura green, prosternum, underside of meso- and metathorax and abdominal ventrites black with green reflection. Femora and tarsi black; tibiae green, antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Dorsum weakly shining, micropunctulate and microreticulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.5 X as long as wide, 1.3 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.3 X as wide as the latter (Fig. 10T). Base of antenna 2.5 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line broad and deep.
Pronotum 2.0 X as wide as long, broadest at mid-length, with lateral sides rounded, slightly more convergent forward than backward, with anterior side moderately emarginate. Lateral callus convex along entire length. Lateral impression broad, shallow, evenly developed along entire length of pronotum. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures. Lateral impression without large punctures. Several moderate punctures (0.03 mm) present along outer side of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron slightly convex, without lateral wrinkles and lateral impression. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.02 mm), sparse, mostly irregular, with some abbreviated rows hardly traced among irregular punctures. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with few setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 slightly broadened, with entire sole. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.2 X as wide as 2nd, 0.8 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with weak, shallow longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, weakly convex, with apical margin broadly truncate.
Aedeagus 4.5 X as long as wide, with almost parallel lateral sides, moderately broadened at sides of apical orifice, with apical margin asymmetrical and bearing setae dorsally, larerally, and apically (Figs 8G; 13 D). Aedeagus without apical denticles. Aedeagus moderately curved, S–shaped in lateral view, with flagellum narrow, simple, exposed. Apical orifice short, 0.2 X as long as total length of aedeagus.
Female spermatheca present (Fig. 14A).
Body length: 6.3 mm, aedeagus 2.4 mm long, 0.5 mm wide.
Variability. Pronotum entirely green or pronotal disc with golden reflection, pronotal lateral calli and elytral suture purple. Females: 6.5–7.1 mm long, tarsomeres 1–3 narrow, with entire sole, last abdominal ventrite convex, with apical margin rounded.
Differential diagnosis. New species is externally close to Ch. sichuanica and differs from all other members of the subgenus in the apex of aedeagus asymmetrical.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) pilula sp. nov.
Material examined (Figs 16 and 22): Holotype: China, Gansu, WWS Longnan (Wudu), Yin Duoguosa & Aounang divide, 33°21′14″N / 104°29′45″E 22.06.2017, 3,650 m, I. Belousov, G. Davidian, & I. Kabak leg.: male (ZIN); paratypes: 4 males with the same label (ZIN, BC).
Description. Male (holotype). Dorsal side metallic green with purple: clypeus, 2 spots on vertex, pronotal anterior and posterior transverse stripes; elytra purple with narrow green stripes: along base, lateral and sutural sides, and 2 narrow stripes on disk (Fig. 6D). Underside, fore- and mid-femora, and fore-tibiae violet, other tibiae and hind femora blue, tarsi black, antennae black with 1st antennomere rufous below apically. Head and pronotum sericeous, micropunctulate and microreticulate, elytra shining, micropunctulate only.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.2 X as long as wide, as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.2 X as wide as the latter (Fig. 10U). Base of antenna 2 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line wide.
Pronotum 2.2 X as wide as long, broadest basally, with lateral sides slightly rounded, almost straight, convergent forward, with anterior side moderately emarginate. Lateral callus convex along entire length, lateral impression broad, shallow, evenly developed along entire length of pronotum. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures. Lateral impression without large punctures. Several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures present along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior setiferous pore of pronotum absent, posterior setiferous pore of pronotum present, with long seta (Figure (Fig. 9E).
Prothoracic hypomeron weakly convex, almost flat, with lateral wrinkles, without lateral impression (Fig. 9D). Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron sharp, distinct. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron with weak humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine or moderate (0.03–0.05 mm), arranged in dense slightly paired rows, which hardly visible among fine (0.02 mm) irregular punctures in intervals. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with dense setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 narrow, with entire sole. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.4 X as wide as 2nd, 1.1 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with weak, shallow longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only, with dense setae apically.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, with apical margin broadly truncate.
Aedeagus 5.5 X as long as wide, with parallel lateral sides, with apex rounded, without apical denticles (Figs 8H; 13E). Aedeagus moderately curved, arc-shaped in lateral view, with flagellum narrow, simple, exposed. Apical orifice 0.2 X as long as total length of aedeagus.
Body length: 6.6 mm (male), aedeagus 2.6 mm long, 0.5 mm wide.
Variability. Males: elytra sericeous, with 3 discal green stripes, pronotum entirely purple; body length 6.4–6.6 mm. Female unknown.
Differential diagnosis. New species is morphologically close to Ch. auriviridis sp. nov., Ch. pulchra sp. nov., and Ch. davidiani, and differs in the prothoracic basal fold present; anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron present, deep.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) pulchra sp. nov.
Material examined (Fig. 16): Holotype: China, Gansu, WWS Longnan (Wudu), 6.5 km W Jiejiaonuocun, Yin Duoguosa, 33°21′39″N / 104°29′49″E, 21.06.2017, 3,180 m, I. Belousov, G. Davidian, & I. Kabak leg.: male (ZIN).
Description. Male (holotype). Dorsal side metallic green with purple: clypeus, vertex, pronotal calli and longitudinal closed contour in the middle of the disc, elytra with narrow purple basal stripe and narrow stripes at suture, 5 narrow stripes on disc, and lateral stripe (Fig. 6C). Underside violet, femora violet with green pattern, tibiae dark green, tarsi black, antennae black with 1st and 2nd antennomeres rufous below apically. Dorsum sericeous, micropunctulate and microreticulate.
Last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped, obliquely truncate apically, 1.5 X as long as wide, 1.2 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.1 X as wide as the latter (Fig. 10V). Base of antenna 1.6 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line wide.
Pronotum 2.0 X as wide as long, broadest basally, with lateral sides slightly rounded, almost straight, convergent forward, with anterior side moderately emarginate. Lateral callus convex along entire length, lateral impression broad, shallow, evenly developed along entire length of pronotum. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures. Lateral impression without large punctures. Several fine or moderate (0.03–0.05 mm) punctures present along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron weakly convex, without lateral wrinkles and impression. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures fine (0.03 mm), dense, mostly irregular, with some rows traced along purple stripes. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with few setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Tarsomeres 1–3 narrow with entire sole. Male 1st fore-tarsomere 1.3 X as wide as 2nd, 0.9 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with weak, shallow longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, weakly convex, slightly depressed medially, with apical margin broadly shallowly emarginate.
Aedeagus 4.6 X as long as wide, with almost parallel lateral sides in basal 1/2, constricted before apical orifice, with apex dimond-shaped (Figs 8I; 13F). Aedeagus with 2 fine apical denticles on ventral side. Aedeagus strongly curved, arc-shaped in lateral view, dorsal side with projecting medial lobe (in lateral view), with flagellum narrow, simple, exposed. Apical orifice 0.2 X as long as total length of aedeagus.
Body length: 7.7 mm (male), aedeagus 3.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide. Female unknown.
Differential diagnosis. New species is externally close to Ch. auriviridis sp. nov. and differs in the aedeagus with constriction laterally.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) tortilla sp. nov.
Material examined (Fig. 17; 19): Holotype: China, Sichuan, S of Muli, 3,485–3,685 m, 27°45′55″N / 101°15′50″E − 27°45′38″N / 101°15′54″E, 20.05.2012, I. Belousov, G. Davidian, I. Kabak, A. Korolev leg.: male (ZIN); paratypes: 1 female with the same label (BC); China, Sichuan, S of Muli Town, 3,620 m, 27°44′02″N / 101°14′46″E, 23.05.2012, I. Belousov, G. Davidian, I. Kabak, A. Korolev leg.: 1 female (ZIN).
Description. Male (holotype). Body broad, 1.4 X as long as wide. Head and pronotum metallic golden green, elytra green with narrow basal stripe and scutellum dark violet (Fig. 6E). Underside black with green reflection, femora and tibiae dark green with violet pattern, tarsi black, antennae black with 1st antennomere rufous below apically. Dorsum shining ,micropunctulate, head and pronotum microreticulate.
Last maxillary palpomere slightly securiform, obliquely truncate apically, 1.2 X as long as wide, 1.4 X as long as penultimate palpomere, 1.3 X as wide as the latter (Fig. 10W). Base of antenna 1.3 X closer to clypeus than to eye. Supraorbital line deep and broad.
Pronotum 2.2 X as wide as long, broadest behind mid-length, with lateral sides rounded, narrower forward than backward, with anterior side deeply emarginate. Lateral callus slightly convex along entire length. Lateral impression broad, shallow, evenly developed along entire length of pronotum. Pronotum evenly covered with dense, fine (0.02 mm) punctures. Lateral impression with numerous large (0.05–0.06 mm) punctures. There are several moderate (0.03 mm) punctures along outer margin of lateral callus. Pronotum entirely marginate and ciliate anteriorly. Anterior and posterior setiferous pores of pronotum absent.
Prothoracic hypomeron weakly convex, almost flat, with obsolete irregular lateral wrinkles, without lateral impression. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Basal fold of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Metasternum entirely marginate anteriorly.
Elytron without humeral callus. Elytral punctures moderate (0.03 mm), dense, arranged in abbreviated scutellar row and 9 entire regular ones. Rows 2–3 paired, others equidistant. Intervals with fine (0.02 mm) punctures. Sutural furrow distinct at apical slope. Elytral epipleuron inclined outside, visible along entire length in lateral view, with few setae apically.
Hind wings absent.
Fore- and mid-tarsomeres 1–3 slightly broadened, hind ones narrow, all with entire sole. 1st fore-tarsomere 1.2 X as wide as 2nd, 0.8 X as wide as 3rd. Claw tarsomere without denticles.
Pygidium with weak, shallow longitudinal impression in basal 1/2 only.
Last abdominal ventrite simple, convex, with apical margin broadly truncate.
Aedeagus 3.8 X as long as wide, with parallel lateral sides, with apex roundly triangular and bearing narrow deep medial emargination and with setae dorsally and laterally, without apical denticles ventrally (Figs 8J; 13G). Aedeagus moderately curved, arc-shaped in lateral view, with flagellum narrow, simple, exposed. Apical orifice 0.2 X as long as total length of aedeagus. The aedeagus is similar in shape to that of representatives of the subgenus Chrysolina (Volosatik), but the external features are quite different.
Female spermatheca absent.
Body length: 6.1 mm, aedeagus 1.7 mm long, 0.4 mm wide.
Variability. Female: body length 6.6 mm; tarsomeres 1–3 narrow, with entire sole.
Differential diagnosis. New species is peculiar because of its body very broad, 1.4 X as long as broad. It belongs to the species group with the male last maxillary palpomere securiform (couplets 2–7 in the Key to species) and differs from them in aedeagus bearing apical setae.
Etymology. The new species is named “tortilla” (substantive, nominative case) due to its unusually wide body, like a turtle. “Tortilla” is the personal name of a turtle from a fairy tale “The Golden Key” by the Russian writer A.N. Tolstoy.
Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) subgen. nov. key to species
- 1(8)Male last maxillary palpomere slightly securiform (Figs 10F, M, S, W). Elytron with sutural furrow at apical slope. Flagellum narrow.
- 2(3)Pronotum without large punctures at lateral impression. Male tarsomeres 1–3 very broad, 3rd as wide as 1st. Pronotal lateral impression very shallow. Prothoracic basal fold present. Elytral puncture rows hardly visible, consist of fine punctures. Pygidium without furrow. Aedeagus with apical denticles ventrally (Fig. 13C). Dorsum golden green. Length 6.4–8.0 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. latipes sp. nov.
- 3(2)Pronotum with large punctures laterally.
- 4(5)Aedeagus with setae at apex (Fig. 13G). Male tarsomeres 1–3 narrow. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Pronotal lateral impression shallow, broad along entire length. Elytron with regular rows of fine punctures. Dorsum green, shining. Body very broad, 1.4 X as long as broad. Length 6.1–6.6 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. tortilla sp. nov.
- 5(4)Aedeagus without setae at apex. Male tarsomeres 1–3 broad, 3rd about as wide as 1st. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron present.
- 6(7)Aedeagus without apical denticles (Fig. 11I). Pronotum without lateral impression. Elytron with regular puncture rows. Dorsum sericeous, purple with green pattern. Length 6.2–6.8 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. pingchuana
- 7(6)Aedeagus with fine apical denticles ventrally (Fig. 12G). Pronotum along entire length with very broad lateral impression covered by numerous large punctures; these impression and punctures spreading on lateral callus (therefore, callus is narrow, convex) (Fig. 4D). Elytron with very fine irregular punctures. Dorsum very shining, green. Length 5.8–7.4 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. aurita sp. nov.
- 8(1)Male last maxillary palpomere narrow, barrel-shaped or cylindrical (Figs 9G–I; 10A–E, G–L, N–R, T–V).
- 9(30)Pronotum with lateral impression wide, shallow, or without impression; without large punctures (larger than those on disc) laterally.
- 10(13)Aedeagus with 2 groups of setae at apex (Figs 12C; 13D). Flagellum narrow. Elytral puncture rows hardly visible. Sutural furrow present. Pygidium without furrow in apical 1/2. Male fore-tarsomeres 1–3 slightly broadened, 1st as wide as 3rd.
- 11(12)Aedeagus with apex asymmetrical (Fig. 13D). Pronotal lateral impression very shallow. Dorsum green with diffuse violet pattern on pronotum and black scutellum. Length 6.3 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. ovata sp. nov.
- 12(11)Aedeagus with apex symmetrical (Fig. 12C). Pronotal lateral impression broad, shallow. Dorsum green with purple and violet pattern. Length 6.5–6.6 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. sichuanica
- 13(10)Aedeagus without setae at apex.
- 14(17)Aedeagus with apical denticles bent down. Pronotum with broad, shallow lateral impression. Elytral puncture rows hardly visible. Sutural furrow present. Pygidium without furrow in apical 1/2. Flagellum narrow.
- 15(16)Apical denticles located right at sides of transversely truncate apex of aedeagus (Fig. 11B). Male fore-tarsomeres 1–3 moderately broadened, 1st as broad as 3rd. Dorsum green with purple pattern. Length 7.1–7.6 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. baimana
- 16(15)Apical denticles located at sides of apical triangle of aedeagus (Fig. 11A). Male fore-tarsomeres 1–3 slightly broadened, 1st narrower than 3rd. Dorsal side metallic purple mixed with green. Length 6.8–8.0 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. amica
- 17(14)Aedeagus without apical denticles.
- 18(21)Pygidium with furrow along entire length.
- 19(20)Body small (length 5.5 mm). Pronotal lateral impression very weak. Elytral rows equidistant, with fine puctures. Sutural furrow present. Pygidium with weak furrow. Male fore-tarsomeres 1–3 narrow, 1st about as wide as 3rd. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Aedeagus with flagellum narrow, exposed (Fig. 11D). Dorsum purple with green pattern. Length 5.5 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. korotjaevi
- 20(19)Body large (length 9.0 mm). Pronotal lateral impression absent. Elytral rows paired, distinct. Sutural furrow absent. Pygidium with sharp furrow. Male fore-tarsomeres 1 very broad, broader than 3rd. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Aedeagus without flagellum (Fig. 11F). Dorsum green with purple pattern, elytra with green stripes. Length 9.0 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. matruelis
- 21(18)Pygidium without furrow in apical 1/2. Pronotal lateral impression weak to obsolete. Sutural furrow present.
- 22(23)Aedeagus with flagellum broad, tube-shaped (Fig. 12A). Lateral sides of pronotum with slightly concave in basal 1/2. Elytron with rows of sparse, large, foveate punctures, and weakly wrinkled intervals. Male fore-tarsomeres 1–3 slightly broadened, 1st as wide as 3rd. Dorsum purple with green pattern. Length 8.0–8.3 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. purpureoviridis
- 23(22)Aedeagus with flagellum narrow. Lateral sides of pronotum more or less convex, rounded. Elytron with poorly visible rows of fine punctures, and flat intervals. Male fore-tarsomeres 1–3 narrow, 1st about as wide as 3rd.
- 24(25)Prothoracic basal fold present; anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep (Fig. 9D). Dorsum purple with green pattern, elytron with narrow green stripes. Aedeagus narrow, with parallel sides, rounded at apex (Fig. 13E). Length 6.4–6.6 mm. Gansu.
Ch. pilula sp. nov.
- 25(24)Prothoracic basal fold absent; anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron absent (Fig. 9C).
- 26(29)Apex of aedeagus triangular, more or less curved upward.
- 27(28)Aedeagus with almost parallel sides (Fig. 12H). Dorsum green. Length 6.3 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. auriviridis sp. nov.
- 28(27)Aedeagus with constriction laterally (Fig. 13F). Dorsum green with purple pattern, elytra with purple stripes. Length 7.7 mm. Gansu.
Ch. pulchra sp. nov.
- 29(26)Aedeagus broad, with apex rounded, not curved upward (Fig. 11C). Dorsum green with purple pattern, elytron with purple stripes. Length 7.9–8.0 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. davidiani
- 30(9)Pronotum with lateral impression deep, at least, near base. Last maxillary palpomere narrow. Elytral rows poorly visible, or distinct, with fine punctures.
- 31(38)Male usually less than 5.7 mm long (rarely up to 6.0 mm).
- 32(35)Pronotum with lateral impression narrow, deep in basal ¼–1/3, and broad, shallow in anterior 2/3–3/4. Flagellum narrow. Male fore-tarsomeres 1–3 narrow or slightly broadened, 1st as wide as 3rd.
- 33(34)Aedeagus S–shaped in lateral view (Fig. 12E). Dorsum green with golden reflection on head and pronotum and with purple pattern. Length 5.7 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. songpana
- 34(33)Aedeagus arc-shaped in lateral view, with apical denticles curved down (Fig. 13A). Head purple with golden green spot at frons, pronotum golden green with purple lateral calli, elytra green, narrowly margined with purple laterally, basally and along suture. Length 6.0–7.6 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. ferdinandoi sp. nov.
- 35(32)Pronotum with lateral impression narrow, deep in basal 1/3 and in apical 1/3, shallow to moderate at mid-length.
- 36(37)Aedeagus with apical denticles curved down; flagellum more broad, tube-shaped (Fig. 12F). Male fore-tarsomeres 1–3 very broad, 1st as wide as 3rd. Dorsum green with diffuse purple spots. Length 5.3–7.0 mm. Sichuan (Xinjiang as type locality is incorrect).
Ch. viridiopaca
- 37(36)Aedeagus rounded, without denticles apically; flagellum narrow (Fig. 12B). Male fore-tarsomeres 1–3 slightly broadened, 1st as wide as 3rd. Dorsum green with diffuse purple pattern. Length 5.6 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. rotundata
- 38(31)Male 6.5–9.5 mm long. Pronotum with deep impression or furrow along entire length.
- 39(40)Flagellum exposed, narrow; aedeagus with apex roundly triangular (Fig. 13B). Prothoracic basal fold weak. Head and pronotum bluish green, elytra violet, or dorsum entirely violet or green. Length 6.4–7.8 mm. Sichuan, Gansu.
Ch. korolevi sp. nov.
- 40(39)Flagellum absent. Species very similar to each other externally and differ in aedeagus structure.
- 41(42)Aedeagus with apex in curly bracket form (Fig. 11H). Male fore-tarsomeres 1–3 weakly broadened, 1st broader than 3rd. Dorsum green with purple and golden pattern, elytra with purple stripes. Length 8.7–9.5 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. nesterovae
- 42(41)Aedeagus with apex not in curly bracket form. Male fore-tarsomeres 1–3 moderately or strongly broadened, 1st broader than 3rd.
- 43(44)Prothoracic hypomeron with basal fold. Aedeagus with apex roundly triangular, elongated (Fig. 12D). Pronotal lateral impression narrow. Dorsum green with purple and golden pattern, elytra with stripes. Length 6.5–8.2 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. sicieni
- 44(43)Prothoracic hypomeron without basal fold.
- 45(46,47)Aedeagus with apex roundly truncate (Fig. 11E). Pronotal lateral impression narrow. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep but small. Dorsum green with purple pattern, elytra with purple stripes. Length 7.2–8.7 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. luyoui
- 46(45,47)Aedeagus with lateral apical denticles (Fig. 11G). Pronotal lateral impression deep, broad (Fig. 9F). Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron absent. Dorsum green with purple and golden pattern, elytra with purple stripes. Length 8.2–8.9 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. mirabilis
- 47(45,46)Aedeagus with broad, rounded apical lobe slightly constricted at its base (Fig. 12I). Pronotal lateral impression narrow. Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron deep. Dorsum green with purple and golden pattern. Length 7.2–8.6 mm. Sichuan.
Ch. bellissima sp. nov.
Discussion
Distribution of the species
All species of the new subgenus inhabit mountain habitats with altitudes from 2,200 (mainly from 3,000) to 4,850 m a.s.l., mostly the belt of alpine meadows (Figs 15, 18–24). Fourteen out of 25 species have been found so far in a single locality for each of them (Figs 16 and 17). It may be due to the low dispersal capacity of these wingless beetles. A map of the total distribution of the species shows the existence of two isolated areas: northern one (Fig. 16) and southern one (Fig. 17). All species are distributed in only one of the areas. The subgenus includes five groups of morphologically related species (see the key to species): 1) Ch. amica, Ch. baimana, Ch. korotjaevi, 2) Ch. rotundata, Ch. viridiopaca, 3) Ch. bellissima sp. nov., Ch. luyoui, Ch. mirabilis, Ch. nesterovae, Ch. sicieni, 4) Ch. auriviridis sp. nov., Ch. ovata sp. nov., 5) Ch. pingchuana, Ch. tortilla sp. nov. The members of each group are distributed in only one of the areas, first three groups – in the northern area, two last groups – in the southern area. The remaining 11 species are morphologically distant both from each other and from the above mentioned groups.
Spermatheca and ovoviviparity
I had the opportunity to dissect the females of 17 of the 25 species. I found spermatheca in females of eight species (Ch. amica, Ch. baimana, Ch. ferdinandoi sp. nov., Ch. korolevi sp. nov., Ch. latipes sp. nov., Ch. ovata sp. nov., Ch. pingchuana, Ch. viridiopaca), including one ovoviviparous (Ch. korolevi sp. nov.). Besides that, I didn't find spermatheca in females of nine species (Ch. aurita sp. nov., Ch. bellissima sp. nov., Ch. davidiani, Ch. luyoui, Ch. mirabilis, Ch. nesterovae, Ch. purpureoviridis, Ch. sicieni, Ch. tortilla sp. nov.), including two ovoviviparous (Ch. luyiui and Ch. nesterovae). The presence of the spermatheca may be characteristic of representatives of the first and second groups of morphologically close species (see above) (females of Ch. korotjaevi and Ch. rotundata are unknown). The absence of spermatheca is typical for representatives of the third group. Since Holmgren (1904), there has been an assumption that the absence of the spermatheca correlates with ovoviviparity. Bontems (1988) found that there is no such correlation.
New and little used diagnostic features
Long setae at anterior and posterior angles of pronotum. The presence or absence of these setae is used as a diagnostic character in the systematics of different genera of Chrysomelinae, for example, Potaninia Weise, 1889 and Suinzona Chen, 1931 (Ge et al. 2011), Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1837 (Yang et al. 2015). The presence or absence of setae at posterior angles is rarely used in the systematics of the subtribe Chrysolinina (Ge et al. 2012). It can be more widely used in systematics and phylogeny of the subtribe, since it differs in different genera and species of the subtribe. So, the seta at posterior angle is present in all members of the genera: Ambrostoma, Parambrostoma, Crosita Motschulsky, 1860, Oreina Chevrolat, 1836, Camerounia Jolivet, 1949, as well as in Agrosteella indica (Hope, 1831), A. fallaciosa (Stål, 1862), Humba cyanicollis (Hope, 1831), Sphaerolina rajah (Guérin-Méneville, 1840), Sphaeratrix latifrons Gistel, 1857, S. tieutainei (Fairmaire, 1891) (Ge et al. 2012 and material examined). The seta is absent in all members of the genus Timarchomima Bechyné, 1950 and in different species of the genus Cyrtonus Latreille, 1829, as well as in different species of the genus Chrysolina (material examined). In the subgenus Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) subgen. nov., the seta at posterior angle of pronotum is present in Ch. pilula sp. nov., it is absent in all other species.
Ge et al. (2011, 2012), Yang et al. (2015) denote the setae at pronotal angles as trichobothria. In my opinion, this is incorrect. Unlike the simple seta, which is tapered, the trichobothrium has the same diameter throughout its length.
Anterior cavity of prothoracic hypomeron (presence / absence, shape). There was still no mention of this character in the works on systematics of the subtribe Chrysolinina. Anterior cavity is deep, for example, in Humba cyanicollis, shallow – in Agrosteella indica, A. fallaciosa, absent – in Sphaerolina balyi (Jacoby, 1893), S. rajah, Sphaeratrix latifrons, S. tieutainei and in all members of the genera Timarchomima and Camerounia (Bieńkowski 2019, material examined). It is equipped with a sharp tooth in the members of the subgenus Chrysolina (Chersomela Weise, 1914) and has a different shape in the species from different subgenera of Chrysolina (Bieńkowski 2019). In the new subgenus Chrysolina (Ambrostomima) subgen. nov., this cavity is developed, from shallow to deep, or absent in different species (see the descriptions and key to species).
The mentioned features deserve more attention and can be used to diagnose the species of the genus Chrysolina.
Acknowledgments
I am grateful to the curators: A. G. Moseyko (ZIN) and M. Borer (NMB) for generously allowing me to borrow material from the Museums, to I.A. Belousov, M. Daccordi, G.E. Davidian, I.I. Kabak, A.E. Korolev, and P.V. Romantsov, who presented material at my disposal, to I.A. Belousov and I.I. Kabak for providing color photographs of type localities, to M. Borer for providing photographs of the holotype of Semenowia mirabilis, to J. Bezdĕk, M. Daccordi, Yu.E. Mikhailov, and anonymous reviewers for valuable comments, to my eldest son Andrey for computer assistance in compiling the key to species, and to my youngest son Stanislav for computer processing of the photographs.
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