Control design of damper mass spring system based on backstepping controller scheme

Munaf Fathi Badr; Ekhlas Hameed Karam; Noor Mohammaed Mjeed

doi:10.1556/1848.2020.20049

Jump to Content

International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering

Volume/Issue:: Volume 11: Issue 2

Control design of damper mass spring system based on backstepping controller scheme

Authors:

Munaf Fathi Badr

Munaf Fathi Badr Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

Search for other papers by Munaf Fathi Badr in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0991-7571

Ekhlas Hameed Karam

Ekhlas Hameed Karam Computer Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

Search for other papers by Ekhlas Hameed Karam in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-2030

, and

Noor Mohammaed Mjeed

Noor Mohammaed Mjeed Computer Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

Search for other papers by Noor Mohammaed Mjeed in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed

noormjeed@yahoo.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-2030

View More View Less

Pages:: 181–187

Online Publication Date:: 17 Jul 2020

Publication Date:: 01 Aug 2020

Article Category:: Research Article

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2020.20049

Keywords:: electromechanical system; backstepping technique; PID controller; simulation

Open access

Download PDF

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to present a proposed control model for the electromechanical damper mass spring system including the backstepping technique in comparison with the conventional proportional–derivative–integral (PID) controller unit to realize the best performance of the control systems. The suggested approach demanded the construction in laboratory arrangement of damper mass spring system which linked with electrical position sensor, and the theoretical work involved the derivation of the required mathematical equations in order to formulate the simulation models in Matlab software package. The obtained results show that the backstepping control technique provides the better performance associated with stable control system especially with increasing the value of selected mechanical load.

Abstract

1 Introduction

In the recent decades, damper mass spring systems are widely used in different areas of engineering field applications. They have been applied in most dynamics suspension systems to provide more reliability of the design requirements such as increasing the factors of safety or absorbing the impact forces [1–2]. They can be categorized into passive and active mechanical elements, the passive control mechanical elements are represented by springs and dampers parts while active elements can be subdivided into various kinds of sensors and actuators equipment [3–4]. Actually many forms of electronic control devices have been inserted in some application of mechanical vibration control system in order to gain more sensible reduction in the measurement of vibration level. For that, the damper mass spring systems can be arranged in various control configurations to improve the behaviour of the employed control systems and to meet the required demands of the control application [5–8].

Besides, many researchers in a lot of literatures have been concerned with damper mass spring systems applications and carried out multiple theoretical and experimental studies. Some of these literatures focused on the study of the dynamic response characteristics of the mechanical elements in the applied system, while the others dealing with the analysis of control system depended on the related mathematical models in order to carry out the computer simulation process of the specified damper mass spring system [1–13]. The main purpose of this work is to attempt to use different controller models for selective electromechnical systems consisting of series combination of damper mass spring elements connected with position sensor. To realize this goal, two forms of controller units have been used; the first one is the classical proportional–derivative–integral controller (PID), while the other is the backstepping controller technique.

Backstepping represents as controller technique which can be applied for various dynamical systems to obtain a stable control model especially for nonlinear dynamical systems. In brief, the backstepping method refers to the control process that is based on the systematic and recursive design in application of feedback control model for various systems [13–16]. One of the merits of this technique is the ability to employ a new control Lyapunov function (CLF) for the selected control system that permits an analysis approach for the characteristics parameters of the closed loop system. Contrary to a lot of feedback linearization methods in which the problems of the precise model or cancellation of the useful nonlinear terms may occurr, the backstepping technique can permit a proper choice of designing tools for the purpose of accommodating of nonlinearities and it can be used to prevent the unwanted cancellation. The biggest advantage of the backstepping approach as compared with other control methods lies in its design flexibility merit according to its recursive use of Lyapunov functions [12–20]. The simulation process of the employed electromechanical control system will be run via Matlab software package based on the obtained physical parameters of the mechanical elements and the corresponding mathematical models. The step input response for each control model will be applied in simulation process and according to the outcoming simulation results; the comparisons will be done between the employed controller units by using different values of mechanical loads to observe the best response of each control model.

This paper has been organized as in the following. The construction and the mathematical models of the employed damper mass spring systems are introduced in Section 2. The controlled models of the suggested electromechanical system will be described in Section 3. The Matlab simulation process involving the displayed results are presented in Section 4 while Section 5 contained the conclusions.

2 The construction and mathematical models of the electromechanical system

The electromechanical system under consideration consists of damper, mass and spring elements beside electrical position sensor as shown in Fig. 1. In laboratory, the mechanical parts have been mounted vertically in series combination and connected in parallel configuration with electrical position which has been mechanically linked with the platform that carries the mechanical load. The electrical position sensor will be responsible to detect the mass displacement that occurs due to applying different values of mechanical load at the platform. The tolerance in the position of the platform will be measured with respect to the reference point that has previously been determined. Practically, the position sensor acts as a variable electrical resistance element which consists of movable iron core that provides a linear sliding motion and smooth contact with fixed resistance. It has a maximum value of electrical resistance equal to (530 Ω), while the stroke length of the iron core is equal to (250 mm) [9]. The sensor has been connected to electrical unit which has been designed to convert the different values of the tolerance in the position distance to the corresponding electrical voltage signals.

Fig. 1.

The apparatus of the employed electromechanical system

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering IRASE 11, 2; 10.1556/1848.2020.20049

To obtain the corresponding mathematical models of the suggested electromechanical system, it will be required to obtain the required mathematical equations for the mechanical and electrical subsystems. For the mechanical subsystem, the Newton's law will be applied to obtain the net force as in the following [20–22]:

\sum_{i = 1}^{3} f_{i} = f_{1} + f_{2} + f_{3},

(1)

where

f_{1} = m \frac{d^{2} x}{d t^{2}},

(2)

f_{2} = b \frac{d x}{d t},

(3)

f_{3} = k x,

(4)

The mechanical subsystem consists of three kinds of elements, the first item is a mass (m), and the second one is a damped coefficient (b) and finally the spring constant (k). f₁, f₂ and f₃ represents inertial, viscous and spring restoring forces and measured in (N). Therefore, the sum of the mechanical forces of the damper mass spring system can be calculated as in the following:

f_{t} = m \frac{d^{2} x}{d t^{2}} + b \frac{d x}{d t} + k x,

(5)

Equation (5) represents the mathematical model of the damper mass spring system under consideration in which the parameter (x) represents the displacement of mass that is measured from equilibrium position. Taking the Laplace transform for Eq. (5) under zero initial conditions, the transfer function of the applied mechanical system will be represented as shown in Eq. (6).

\frac{X (s)}{F_{t} (s)} = \frac{1}{(m s^{2} + b s + k)},

(6)

For the electrical subsystem and according to the characteristics of the employed position sensor as variable resistance, the output voltage signal from the sensor unit can be determined as in the following [8, 9]:

V_{s e n s o r} = I_{s e n s o r} \times R_{s e n s o r},

(7)

In the employed electrical circuit

I_{s e n s o r} = I_{t o t a l} = \frac{V_{t o t a l}}{R_{t o t a l}},

where

V_{s e n s o r} = V_{T} \times \frac{R_{s e n s o r}}{R_{t o t a l}},

(8)

Hence, to calculate the change of the movement x(t) with respect to time due to applied various values of mechanical load, the position sensor will send an electrical voltage signal proportional to the net of displacement in the system position.

3 The controlled models of the electromechanical system

The block diagram of the proposed controlled damper mass spring system is shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

The proposed control model of the electromechanical system

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering IRASE 11, 2; 10.1556/1848.2020.20049

The suggested approach of the electromechanical damper mass spring control system will be subdivided into the following control models:

i)Control model with using PID controller unit

To maintain the required structure of the closed loop control system with using PID controller and unity feedback element, it is required to employ and calculate the following transfer functions [20–22]:

And (G₁, G₂ and G_C) can be expressed as follows:

G_{1} = \frac{1}{(m s^{2} + b s + k)},

(9)

G_{2} = \frac{V}{x},

(10)

G_{C} = (K p + \frac{K i}{s} + K d s),

(11)

where

Taking G_T = (G_C)∗(G₁)∗(G₂)

Hence, the overall transfer function of the entire control system (G_sys) will be formed as follows [18]:

G_{s y s} = \frac{G_{T} (s) H (s)}{1 + G_{T} (s) H (s)},

(12)

With taking unity feedback H(s) = 1, then

G_{s y s} = \frac{V (K d s^{2} + K p s + K i)}{x * m s^{3} + (x * c + V * K d) s^{2} + (V * K p + x * k) s + V * K i},

(13)

ii)Electromechanical Control system based on Backstepping Technique

The backstepping control design can be illustrated for the damper mass spring control system with applying the following steps [10–14]:

Step 1

The mathematical differential equation of the suggested damping system is given by:

\frac{d^{2} x}{d t^{2}} + (\frac{b}{m}) \frac{d x}{d t} + (\frac{k}{m}) x = (\frac{1}{m}) u,

(14)

where (u) represents the external force.

The Eq. (14) can be rewritten as

m \ddot{x} = - k x - b \dot{x} + u,

(15)

Rearranging Eq. (15) as follows

\ddot{x} = - \frac{k}{m} x - \frac{b}{m} \dot{x} + \frac{1}{m} u,

(16)

Hence

\ddot{x} = F (x) + g (t) u (t) + d (t),

(17)

where:

The tracking error can be defined as follows:

e_{1} = (x_{d} - x),

(18)

Then, the tracing error derivative can be represented as follows:

{\dot{e}}_{1} = ({\dot{x}}_{d} - \dot{x}),

(19)

The first Lyapunov function will be taken as follows:

V_{1} = \frac{1}{2} e_{1}^{T} e_{1},

(20)

And the derivative of the first Lyapunov function will become as

{\dot{V}}_{1} = e_{1}^{T} {\dot{e}}_{1} = e_{1}^{T} ({\dot{x}}_{d} - \dot{x}),

(21)

β = {\dot{x}}_{d} + k_{1} e_{1},

(22)

Where k₁ represents the positive constant.

If the virtual control is replaced with the desired value, then Eq. (21) becomes:

{\dot{V}}_{1} = - k_{1} e_{1}^{T} e_{1} \leq 0,

(23)

And $e_{2} = (\dot{x} - β)$ .

Then $e_{2} = (\dot{x} - {\dot{x}}_{d} - k_{1} e_{1})$ .

The sliding surface will be defined in terms of the error as:

s = e_{2} = (\dot{x} - β) = (\dot{x} - {\dot{x}}_{d} - k_{1} e_{1}),

(24)

Step 2

In this step of the backstepping control technique, the second Lyapunov function will be selected as follows [14–19]:

V_{2} = V_{1} + \frac{1}{2} s^{T} s,

(25)

And

{\dot{V}}_{2} = V_{1} + \frac{1}{2} s^{T} \dot{s},

(26)

\begin{array}{l} {\dot{V}}_{2} = e_{1}^{T} (- e_{2} - λ_{1} e_{1}) + s^{T} (F (x, t) + g (t) u (t) + d (t) - {\ddot{x}}_{d} - k_{1} {\dot{e}}_{1}, \\ {\dot{V}}_{2} = e_{1}^{T} (- e_{2} - λ_{1} e_{1}) + s^{T} (F (x, t) + g (t) u (t) + d (t) - {\ddot{x}}_{d} - k_{1} {\dot{e}}_{1}, \\ {\dot{V}}_{2} = - λ_{1} e_{1}^{T} e_{1} + s^{T} (- e_{1} + F (x, t) + g (t) u (t) + d (t) - {\ddot{x}}_{d} - k_{1} {\dot{e}}_{1}), \end{array}

(27)

Step 3

The external disturbance will be assumed as unknown, then the backstepping control scheme in final control signal can be obtained as follows:

u = \frac{1}{g (t)} (- F (x, t) - k_{2} s + e_{1} + k_{1} {\dot{e}}_{1} - {\ddot{x}}_{d}),

(28)

4 Simulation process and results

The simulation process of the proposed controlled models for the damper mass spring has been carried out using Matlab software. It has been runt based on the practical measuring values of the stiffness coefficient for the employing spring as well as the damping factor of the dah pot. These parameters values are equal to 408.2 N/m for the spring coefficient and nearly a 17.889 Ns/m for the damping coefficient of the dash pot has [8].

In the practical work with using the laboratory test bench of damper mass spring system, it was found when applying mechanical load equal to 400 g the tolerance in the displacement will be equal to 5.5 mm with respect to equilibrium position and the corresponding measuring value of the electrical voltage signal sending from the position sensor will be equal to 470 mV.

This practical test procedure has been repeated with applying different values of mechanical load such as 800, 1,200 and 1,600 g and the obtained results for the net displacement of the damper mass spring system will be equal to 6.3, 7.2 and 8.1 mm, respectively. The related corresponding values of the voltage signals sending from the position sensor have been equal to 600, 730 and 870 mV [8].

Starting with running the simulation control model with conventional PID controller unit and taking arbitrary values of the gain factors such as K_p = 1, K_d = 1 and K_i = 1.

As a sample of calculation, we apply mechanical load equal to 400 g. The overall transfer functions of the damper mass spring controlled system (G_sys) as mentioned in Eq. (13) will be calculated as in the following:

G_{s y s} = \frac{0.47 (s^{2} + s + 1)}{0.0022 s^{3} + 0.5683 s^{2} + 2.7151 s + 0.47}

(29)

It can be displayed the unit step response results for the employed controlled system with using conventional PID controller unit and applying various values of mechanical load as shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

The step response of the electromechanical damper mass spring with conventional PID controller unit

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering IRASE 11, 2; 10.1556/1848.2020.20049

The main characteristics of the step input response have been summarized as shown in Table 1.

Table 1.

The main characteristics of the step input response for the controlled damper mass spring system with using PID controller unit

Mechanical load	400 g	800 g	1,200 g	1,600 g
Rise time (s)	12.1348	10.9968	10.3933	9.8695
Settling time (s)	21.0829	19.1275	18.0885	17.1852

According to the obtained results in Table 1, the performance of the response of the control system can be improved to become more acceptable. It will be tried to make a tuning process for the gain factors of the PID compensator unit via Matlab software program in order to get more convenience results for the main characteristics of the step input response for the employed controlled system. The tuning process of PID controller leads to gain overall transfer functions of the tuned damper mass spring controlled system as shown in Table 2.

Table 2.

The transfer functions of the damper mass spring controlled system with tuned PID parameters

Mechanical load (g)	Displacement distance (mm)	Position sensor signal (mV)	Tuned controlled system
400	5.5	470	$G_{t u n e d} = \frac{5633}{0.4 s^{3} + 17.89 s^{2} + 408.2 s + 5633}$
800	6.3	600	$G_{t u n e d} = \frac{3973}{0.8 s^{3} + 17.89 s^{2} + 408.2 s+ 3973}$
1,200	7.2	730	$G_{t u n e d} = \frac{4330}{1.2 s^{3} + 17.89 s^{2} + 408.2 s + 4330}$
1,600	8.1	870	$G_{t u n e d} = \frac{5327}{1.6 s^{3} + 17.89 s^{2} + 408.2 s + 5327}$

The display of the step input results for the tuned control system with applying the selective range of the mechanical load will be obtained as shown in Fig. 4(a)–(d), respectively.

Fig. 4.

The step response of the electromechanical damper mass spring with tuned PID controller unit (a) m = 400 g, (b) m = 800 g, (c) m = 1,200 g and (d) m = 1,600 g

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering IRASE 11, 2; 10.1556/1848.2020.20049

As mentioned in Fig. 4 with using the tuned PID controller unit, the response of the controlled system due to applying step input has been more acceptable but in the range of mechanical load value that lies between 400 and 1,200 g. It can be clearly observed that the system will be unstable and has very large value of steady state error at the effect of applying 1,600 g of mechanical load. The characteristics of the tuned controlled damping system are listed as shown in Table 3.

Table 3.

The main characteristics of the step input response for the tuned controlled system

Mechanical load	400 g	800 g	1,200 g	1,600 g
Rise time (s)	0.0840	0.1038	0.0968	NaN
Settling time (s)	0.3937	0.6157	2.0895	NaN
Steady state error	8.5110 × 10⁻⁶	1.0565 × 10⁻⁵	1.0827 × 10⁻⁵	1.1963 × 10²³

where (NaN); represents the undefined results and it is an abbreviation of ‘Not A Number’ in Matlab software package [22].

To make an improvement for the response of the controlled system, the backstepping control technique will be employed to test the best behaviour of the damper mass spring controlled system. In the procedure of applying the backstepping control scheme, Eq. (28) will be modified as follows:

u = \frac{1}{g (t)} (\tanh (- F (x, t)) - k_{2} s + e_{1} + k_{1} {\dot{e}}_{1} - {\ddot{x}}_{d})

(30)

According to Eq. (29) and with taking (k₁ = 30) and (k₂ = 10), then the Matlab Simulink model of the controlled damper mass spring system using backstepping control technique will be constructed as shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

The Matlab Simulink model of the damper mass spring controlled system with using back stepping control technique

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering IRASE 11, 2; 10.1556/1848.2020.20049

The step input response of the controlled damper mass spring system with using backstepping control scheme can be displayed as shown in Fig. 6(a)–(d), respectively.

Fig. 6.

The step response of the electromechanical damper mass spring with using backstepping controller unit (a) m = 400 g, (b) m = 800 g, (c) m = 1,200 g and (d) m = 1,600 g

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering IRASE 11, 2; 10.1556/1848.2020.20049

In Fig. 6, it was clearly observed that the response of the selected damper mass spring controlled system has been more accurate with zero values steady state errors than low value of stalling time equal to 0.53 s as in the case of applying mechanical load equal to 1,600 g, leading to give better performance of the proposed control system. In summary, the main characteristics of the backstepping controlled model with step input can be listed as shown in Table 4.

Table 4.

The main characteristics of the step response with backstepping control technique

Mechanical load (g)	Rise time (s)	Settling time (s)	Steady state error
400	0.286285	0.488	0
800	0.286361	0.4953	0
1,200	0.286418	0.5265	0
1,600	0.286488	0.5382	0

5 Conclusions

In this work, an implementation of several control techniques to realize the best performance of the conventional damper mass spring controlled system linked with position sensor has been carried out. According to the resulting theoretical and practical outcomes, the following conclusions can be drawn:

The design of controlled models for the selective dynamical system has involved the practical results of the empirical laboratory work as well as the mathematical models of the suggested configuration of the damper mass spring system.
From the obtained simulation results it was found that the employed backstepping control technique can provide a more stable system, in comparison with the classical PID controller model especially when applying an extended value range of mechanical load.
The proposed backstepping control technique can be modified to give more reliability of control action with taking in consideration the physical parameters of the mechanical apparatus.

References

[1]
A. A. Aly and F. A. Salem, “Vehicle suspension systems control: a review,” Int. J. Control Autom. Syst., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 46–54, 2013.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[2]
R. Debbarma and S. Hazari, “Mass distribution of multiple tuned mass dampers for vibration control of structures under earthquake load,” Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng., vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 198–202, 2013.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[3]
N. E. Kahveci and I. V. Kolmanovsky, “Control design for electromagnetic actuators based on backstepping and landing reference governor,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 43, no. 18, pp. 393–398, 2010.
- Crossref
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[4]
A. Agharkakli, G. S. Sabet, and A. Barouz, “Simulation and analysis of passive and active suspension system using quarter car model for different road profile,” Int. J. Eng. Trends Technol., vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 636–644, 2012.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[5]
A. V. Ojha and A. Khandelwal, “Control of nonlinear system using backstepping,” J. Res. Eng. Technol., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 606–610, 2015.
- Crossref
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[6]
A. Humaidi, M. Hameed, and A. Hameed, “Design of block-backstepping controller to ball and arc system based on zero dynamic theory,” J. Eng. Sci. Tech., vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 2084–2105, 2018.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[7]
F. Abry, X. Brun, S. Sesmat, and E. Bideaux, “Non-linear position control of a pneumatic actuator with closed-loop stiffness and damping tuning,” in 2013 European Control Conference (ECC) July 17, IEEE, 2013, pp. 1089–1094.
- Crossref
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[8]↑
M. F. Badr, A. Nayeeif, and W. Mustafa, “Investigation the effect of the various stiffness coefficient on the controlled damper mass spring system based on the electromechanical sensor,” Int. J. Mech. Prod. Eng. Res. Dev. (IJMPERD), vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 243–256, 2019.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[9]↑
J. S. Lin and I. Kanellakopoulos, “Nonlinear design of active suspensions,” IEEE Contr. Syst. Mag., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 45–59, 1997.
- Crossref
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[10]
R. Mellish, Backstepping Control Design for the Coordinated Motion of Vehicles in a Flowfield (Doctoral dissertation), 2011.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[11]
M. Basri, M. Ariffanan, K. A. Danapalasingam, and A. R. Husain, “Design and optimization of backstepping controller for an under actuated autonomous quad rotor unmanned aerial vehicle,” T. FAMENA, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 27–44, 2014.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[12]
M. A. M. Basri, A. R. Husain, and K. A. Danapalasingam, “Robust chattering free backstepping sliding mode control strategy for autonomous quad rotor helicopter,” Int. J. Mech. Mechatron. Eng., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 36–44, 2014.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[13]
M. F. Rahmat, N. H. Sunar, S. Salim, et al., “Review on modeling and controller design in pneumatic actuator control system. Int. J. Smart Sens. Intell. Syst., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 630–661, 2011.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[14]
S. S. Ge, L. Huang, and T. H. Lee, “Position control of chained multiple mass-spring-damper systems: adaptive output feedback control approaches,” Int. J. Control Autom. Syst., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 144–155, 2004.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[15]
Y. Fang, J. Fei, and Y. Yang, “Adaptive backstepping design of a micro gyroscope,” Micromachines, vol. 9, no. 7, p. 338, 2018.
- Crossref
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[16]
D. G. Alciatore, Introduction to Mechatronics and Measurement Systems. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2007.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[17]
R. H. Bishop, Ed. Mechatronic Systems, Sensors, and Actuators. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[18]↑
J. J. d'Azzo and C. D. Houpis, Linear Control System Analysis and Design: Conventional and Modern. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 1995.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[19]
M. F. Badr, Y. Abdullah, and A. K. Jaliel, “Position control of the pneumatic actuator employing ON/OFF solenoids valve,” Int. J. Mech. Mechatronics. Eng., vol. 17, pp. 29–37, 2017.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[20]
R. L. Boylestad, Introductory Circuit Analysis: Pearson New International Edition: UEL. Pearson Higher Ed, 2013.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[21]
M. F. Badr, “Modelling and Simulation of a Controlled Solenoid,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 433, No. 1, p. 012082). IOP Publishing, Nov. 2018.
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation
[22]↑
C. H. Houpis and S. N. Sheldon, Linear Control System Analysis and Design with MATLAB. CRC Press, 2013.
- Crossref
- Search Google Scholar
- Export Citation

ProCite

RefWorks

Reference Manager

BibTeX

Zotero

EndNote

Save
Cite
Email this content

Share Link

Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend
Email this content
or copy the link directly:

https://akjournals.com/view/journals/1848/11/2/article-p181.xml
The link was not copied. Your current browser may not support copying via this button.

Link copied successfully

Collapse
Expand

International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering

Print ISSN:: 2062-0810

Online ISSN:: 2063-4269

Submit Your Manuscript

The author instructions are available in PDF.
Please, download the file from HERE

Editorial Board

Mohammad Nazir AHMAD, Institute of Visual Informatics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

Murat BAKIROV, Center for Materials and Lifetime Management Ltd., Moscow, Russia

Nicolae BALC, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Umberto BERARDI, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada

Ildikó BODNÁR, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Sándor BODZÁS, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Fatih Mehmet BOTSALI, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey

Samuel BRUNNER, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland

István BUDAI, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Constantin BUNGAU, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania

Shanshan CAI, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

Michele De CARLI, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Robert CERNY, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Erdem CUCE, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey

György CSOMÓS, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Tamás CSOKNYAI, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

Anna FORMICA, IASI National Research Council, Rome, Italy

Alexandru GACSADI, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania

Eugen Ioan GERGELY, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania

Janez GRUM, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Géza HUSI, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Ghaleb A. HUSSEINI, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Nikolay IVANOV, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Antal JÁRAI, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary

Gudni JÓHANNESSON, The National Energy Authority of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

László KAJTÁR, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

Ferenc KALMÁR, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Tünde KALMÁR, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Milos KALOUSEK, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republik

Jan KOCI, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Vaclav KOCI, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Imre KOCSIS, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Imre KOVÁCS, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Angela Daniela LA ROSA, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Éva LOVRA, Univeqrsity of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Elena LUCCHI, Eurac Research, Institute for Renewable Energy, Bolzano, Italy

Tamás MANKOVITS, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Igor MEDVED, Slovak Technical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia

Ligia MOGA, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Marco MOLINARI, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Henrieta MORAVCIKOVA, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

Phalguni MUKHOPHADYAYA, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada

Balázs NAGY, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

Husam S. NAJM, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA

Jozsef NYERS, Subotica Tech College of Applied Sciences, Subotica, Serbia

Bjarne W. OLESEN, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

Stefan ONIGA, North University of Baia Mare, Baia Mare, Romania

Joaquim Norberto PIRES, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

László POKORÁDI, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary

Roman RABENSEIFER, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republik

Mohammad H. A. SALAH, Hashemite University, Zarqua, Jordan

Dietrich SCHMIDT, Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology IWES, Kassel, Germany

Lorand SZABÓ, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Csaba SZÁSZ, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Ioan SZÁVA, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania

Péter SZEMES, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Edit SZŰCS, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Radu TARCA, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania

Zsolt TIBA, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

László TÓTH, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

László TÖRÖK, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Anton TRNIK, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia

Ibrahim UZMAY, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

Andrea VALLATI, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

Tibor VESSELÉNYI, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania

Nalinaksh S. VYAS, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

Deborah WHITE, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering
Address of the institute: Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen
H-4028 Debrecen, Ótemető u. 2-4. Hungary
Email: irase@eng.unideb.hu

Indexing and Abstracting Services:

DOAJ
ERIH PLUS
Google Scholar
ProQuest
SCOPUS
Ulrich's Periodicals Directory

2023
Scimago
Scimago H-index	11
Scimago Journal Rank	0.249
Scimago Quartile Score	Architecture (Q2) Engineering (miscellaneous) (Q3) Environmental Engineering (Q3) Information Systems (Q4) Management Science and Operations Research (Q4) Materials Science (miscellaneous) (Q3)
Scopus
Scopus Cite Score	2.3
Scopus CIte Score Rank	Architecture (Q1) General Engineering (Q2) Materials Science (miscellaneous) (Q3) Environmental Engineering (Q3) Management Science and Operations Research (Q3) Information Systems (Q3)
Scopus SNIP	0.751

International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering
Publication Model	Gold Open Access Online only
Submission Fee	none
Article Processing Charge	1100 EUR/article
Regional discounts on country of the funding agency	World Bank Lower-middle-income economies: 50% World Bank Low-income economies: 100%
Further Discounts	Limited number of full waivers available. Editorial Board / Advisory Board members: 50% Corresponding authors, affiliated to an EISZ member institution subscribing to the journal package of Akadémiai Kiadó: 100%
Subscription Information	Gold Open Access

International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering
Language	English
Size	A4
Year of Foundation	2010
Volumes per Year	1
Issues per Year	3
Founder	Debreceni Egyetem
Founder's Address	H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary Egyetem tér 1
Publisher	Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's Address	H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible Publisher	Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN	2062-0810 (Print)
ISSN	2063-4269 (Online)