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B. Kirubadurai Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Vel Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India

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K. Kanagaraja Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

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G. Jegadeeswari Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, AMET Deemed to be University, Chennai, India

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R. Sundharesan Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jaya Polytechnic College, Chennai, India

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Abstract

Composite materials are granted first choice in the present manufacturing scenario due to their compatibility with tolerances up to 0.001 mm and lower weight. The research design works on the composites of the metal matrix, which are used primarily for aeronautical and industrial applications. Metal matrix composites are being used extensively in structural engineering. Silicon carbide and fly shell ash were used as compliance in aluminium alloys for the manufacture of metal matrix composites (LM13). The composite metal matrix is created employing Stir Casting method. When compared to open moulding, closed moulding, and cast polymer moulding, it is a less expensive and more effective method. The composites produced were then examined for mechanical properties, from the results it was found that the presence of ash and ceramic grains can adversely impact the properties of the composites and even make them brittle. It is time to change the mechanical properties of aluminium by creating hybrid composites with double and often triple-reinforced sections. Hybrid composites have greater performance, better tolerance to tear, low density, resistance to corrosion and strong rigidity over metal matrix composites. In this research an Al-Sic-fly ash composite is proposed and the mechanical properties of hardness, tensile strength, corrosion strength, micro structure analysis are investigated.

Abstract

Composite materials are granted first choice in the present manufacturing scenario due to their compatibility with tolerances up to 0.001 mm and lower weight. The research design works on the composites of the metal matrix, which are used primarily for aeronautical and industrial applications. Metal matrix composites are being used extensively in structural engineering. Silicon carbide and fly shell ash were used as compliance in aluminium alloys for the manufacture of metal matrix composites (LM13). The composite metal matrix is created employing Stir Casting method. When compared to open moulding, closed moulding, and cast polymer moulding, it is a less expensive and more effective method. The composites produced were then examined for mechanical properties, from the results it was found that the presence of ash and ceramic grains can adversely impact the properties of the composites and even make them brittle. It is time to change the mechanical properties of aluminium by creating hybrid composites with double and often triple-reinforced sections. Hybrid composites have greater performance, better tolerance to tear, low density, resistance to corrosion and strong rigidity over metal matrix composites. In this research an Al-Sic-fly ash composite is proposed and the mechanical properties of hardness, tensile strength, corrosion strength, micro structure analysis are investigated.

1 Introduction

Matrix material composites (MMC) are metals which are mixed with other metals, plastic or chemical blends. They are made by removing reinforcements from the metal matrix. Reinforcements are typically performed to advance base metal properties such as energy, rigidity, conductivity, etc. Aluminium and its alloys have earned the highest attention as base components for commodity matrix composites. In some applications of the automotive and aircraft industries, through offering high-quality surface coating, styling details and manufacturing choices, aluminium composite materials have been called the “material of right choosing.” Ceramic aluminium is useful in environments with very high temperatures, and even where pollution is an issue. Given that ceramics have low friction and shear properties, the bulk of uses as protection are in suspended particles form (e.g. zinc and calcium phosphate). Silicon carbide (SiC), alumina (Al2O3), graphite (Gr), silica (SiO2), E-glass fibre, boron carbide (B4C), tungsten carbide (WC), granite dust, and fly ash have all been described as reinforcement materials for Al6061-based hybrid metal matrix composites, according to the literature. In comparison to other synthetic reinforcing materials, silicon carbide (SiC) and alumina (Al2O3) are the most often used reinforcement particles for HAMMCs [1, 2]. SiC has a density that is somewhat higher than Al6061. It is, nevertheless, chemically compatible with aluminium and has appropriate bonding with the matrix material without forming an intermetallic phase. In comparison to other reinforcement materials, it is a low-cost material with good heat conductivity and workability [3, 4]. Kumar et al. [5] investigated how SiC affects the hardness of an Al6061–SiC composite. They discovered that increasing the SiC content from 0 to 6 wt percent improves the hardness of the composite by 67 percent. This improvement can be attributed to the fact that SiC has a higher hardness. The presence of SiC in the composite improves its hardness. There have been some attempts to prepare HAMMCs with SiC and other reinforcement materials. For the preparation of an Al6061/SiC/Gr hybrid composite, Mahdavi and Akhlaghi [6] used an in situ Powder Metallurgy process. They tested its hardness, compaction behaviour, tribological behaviour, and other properties, and found that the SiC particles reduce the compressibility of the hybrid powders while increasing the composite's hardness. The hybrid composite with 20 vol percent SiC particles has the best wear resistance. Velmurugan et al. [7] studied the friction and wear behaviour of an Al6061 hybrid composite reinforced with 8% SiC and different amounts of graphite (1 percent, 3 percent, and 5 percent). They claimed that decreasing the weight percentage of graphite particles increased the composite's hardness, and increasing the graphite content increased the composite's wear resistance. The tribological properties of a stir-cast Al6061 alloy reinforced with different percentages of SiC and a constant percentage of B4C particles were investigated by Uvaraja and Natarajan [8]. The hybrid composite sample with 10% SiC and 3% B4C composition has improved tribological properties, according to the researchers. Selvam and colleagues [9] used a modified stir-casting technique to make an Al6061 composite reinforced with varied weight percentages of SiC particles and a consistent weight percentage of fly ash. The mechanical qualities, such as hardness and tensile strength, were improved by increasing the weight percentage of SiC particles in the aluminium matrix while maintaining a constant weight % of fly ash. Khan and Naveed [10] used the vortex process to successfully create Al6061–SiC–Graphite hybrid composites with up to 4% graphite and a constant SiC content of 7 wt%. They discovered that by adding 7 wt percent SiC to Al6061, the ultimate tensile strength rises. The ultimate tensile strength of Al6061, on the other hand, diminishes as the graphite content rises. Reddy and his colleagues [11] conducted an experimental study to explore mechanical properties of an Al6061 alloy reinforced with various compositions of boron carbide and silicon carbide produced by a stir-casting technique. Tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact tests were performed and it was found that the hybrid composites had better properties than pure aluminium. Ceramic materials (CMCs), which are used in very high temperature settings, use a ceramic as the matrix and strengthen it with short fibres, or hairs along with silicon carbide and boron nitride [12]. The usage of waste products originating from agricultural operations (red clay, fly ash) and agro-based materials (rice husk ash, bamboo leaf ash, ground nut shell ash, among others) is increasingly improving aluminium matrix composite (AMC). All the incentives listed have rendered AMCs quite famous and between crown option materials for a wide selection of infrastructure uses, due to the enormous combination of content properties, simplicity of manufacturing, decreased expense and accommodation of raw materials as reinforcing tools [13, 14].

When rice husk ash and alumina particles are added to the mix, it becomes stronger. The behaviour of aluminium alloys. They discovered that adding such particles to the melt reduced the density and stiffness of the composites produced by a significant amount, while improving the basic strength and overall tensile strength. The swirl casting method to operate on the impact of rice husk ash and SiC particles on the aluminium alloy [15, 16]. They found that the density decreased with the rise of the reinforcement and the porosity amount seems to be under control with the overall variance of just 1 percent with the different variations of the reinforcements used. Compared with the samples strengthened with both ash and SiC particles, the fracture resilience of the composites prepared using just ash provided an improved performance. Even the parallel pattern in the outcome was obtained from their analysis, including in the values of tensile strength of the following tests. Density, stiffness, and total composite tensile power decreased with the augmentation [17]. It was noticed under the corrosion test that the composites developed display more resistance against the acid-based liquids. The purpose of the present research is therefore to study the influence of fly shell ash and SiC particles on the mechanical properties when reinforced using stir casting method with pure aluminium sheet [18].

2 Experimental details

The composites for the sample were fabricated using a swirl casting system to pour the rim. The aluminium alloy was measured according to the necessary amounts in a weighing scale and was then put within the electrically operated crucible. The aluminium molten temperature used to dissolve was 750 °C. TIMEX Red Alstone Aluminium Composite has commercially available fly ash and SiC with particle sizes of 40 and 60m, respectively, which were used to make the composite (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Schematic diagram of experimental set-up for manufacturing AA2024/B4Cp composites [11]. Re-published under CC BY 4.0, without any changes

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 13, 3; 10.1556/1848.2021.00379

Throughout the molten metal mix, a limited amount of Mg was applied to improve the melt's wet ability. The samples were preheated in the oven at a temperature of 200 °C before being inserted into the molten metal mix to prevent some sort of moisture in them. The stirring operation was performed using a mechanical stirrer that moved at a pace of 600rpm. The stirring of the molten mix was continued for 5 min to ensure that reinforcements were distributed randomly uniformly with the matrix. The blend then went into the cyst of the mold and was allowed to solidify. Upon solidification the composite was exposed to rapid quenching in water in order to avoid any chilling effects. The same method was used to render all the composites that were used in this study.

3 Experimental results

3.1 Corrosion

Immersion corrosion tests were performed on both cast and solution heat treated specimens in two different corrosion conditions at chamber temperature of 43.5 °C–35.75 °C and salt PH value 6.65–6.85. The test specimens were prepared to a width of 6.92 mm and a thickness of 5.80 mm, after which the samples' surfaces were polished with abrasive materials of various grit sizes. The samples were then subjected to an immersion blasting process at 4.80%–5.30% of NaCl solution, and weight loss was recorded according to ASTM G31 standards for each sample. As per established protocols, the corrosion rate for each specimen was derived using data received from losing weight observations.

4 The effects of corrosion in a NaCl solution

Immersion corrosion tests on 3 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt% NaCl solutions were conducted over a period of one day, with 5 h intervals. The samples were cleaned using thorough scrubbing reagent and then rinsed in saline solution before being immersed in 5 %wt NaCl salt solutions. Both as cast and solution heat treated specimens comprising varying percent reinforcement were examined for mass loss during immersion corrosion tests in a 5 %wt NaCl solution (Table 1).

Table 1.

Experimental parameter

Trial one Trial two
Parameter of sample AluminiumLM-13 AluminiumLM-13+Sic
Duration of test (Hrs) 24 24
Specific gravity 1.028 to 1.0413 1.028 to 1.0413
Temperature (T°C) 35 35
Investigation Salt spray test Salt spray test

In vital media, the corrosion resistance of the composite aluminium alloy matrix reinforced with SiC particulates was evaluated. Throughout the assessment, water and environment were omitted as aluminium was considered to show a very strong resistance to such conditions: any test of such conditions would take a very long period for acceptable performance (Table 2).

Table 2.

Weight loss and corrosion rate

Material Immersion time (Hrs) Area (mm2) Density (kg mm−3) Weight loss (mg) Time (Hours) Corrosion rate (g/mmHr)
Al 1 66 2.7 5 24 0.0115
Al+Sic 1 66 2.95 3 24 0.0063
The weight loss was calculated from the difference between each coupon's original and final weight during each immersive experience cycle as shown in equation (1) and determining the levels of corrosion as shown in equation (2) in millimeters per year.
W = W i W f
where, W i = initial weight (kg), W f = final weight (kg).
CPR ( mmpy ) = 8600 W / ( D × A × t )
where, W is weight loss (mg) during visibility time t (Hrs), D is metal density (g mm−3), and A is the province of the samples area (mm2).

5 Hardness

Durability will be improved due to the inclusion of hardening factors such as SiO, MgO, MnO in hardened powder, because the aluminium matrix has a similar particle distribution. The load is drawn from the SiO particles, which are distributed uniformly in the matrix.

The hardness of base metal aluminium was determined to be 37.23 BHN from brinell hardness tester, so as contrasted with the toughness of the samples prepared using just CSA, there is a 5.2% improvement in hardness value between Al so 3% CSA as hardened.

This simply implies that the structure improves admirably as the unreinforced matrix is combined with strong reinforcement. Similarly, within the study 3% and 5% and 5% and 10%, respectively, a 4.4% and 3% rise in the hardness value is found. This may also be inferred that the application of CSA as reinforced to pure aluminium base material improves the toughness of the base matrix content.

As the wt proportion of fly shell ash combined with silicon carbide rises, a growing pattern of hardness is observed. It is observed that silicon carbide combination with fly shell ash particles has higher hardness than aluminium.

This is because of the higher density and hardness of silicon carbide particles. As mentioned, the ash particles from the fly shell have various stiffening elements. Because of which the mixture has higher strength than pure aluminium. The SiC particles in the alloy tend to shoulder the load going to act on it. The load working on the specimen, owing to the low density and greater strength of the particles, will be nullified.

6 Tensile strength

It is very clear that the addition of ash particles into the aluminium matrix improves the composite's load-taking capability or, in other terms, as shown in Fig. 4, enhances the composite 's tensile power. According to the various types of materials found in CSA, as seen in Fig. 2, the intensity increases with the rise of the reinforcing particles. The appearance of particles such as SiO, MgO, MnO, Al2O3, etc. in the powder, which are simply oxide-based or ceramic-based, differs with the matrix of aluminium, which connects the particles with the matrix (Fig. 3).

Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

The Brinell Hardness Test setup

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 13, 3; 10.1556/1848.2021.00379

Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

Brinell hardness number vs load N/m2

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 13, 3; 10.1556/1848.2021.00379

Therefore, as the tensile examination is carried out by universal testing machine (UTM), the pulling force or load is shifted from the matrix as added to the specimen and therefore the reinforcing particles are presumed These reinforcing particles help matrix material withstand any kind of deformation to the point of yield. Although these hardened particles take up much of the load while processing, it is still a ceramic material, implying that post yielding the composites may not exhibit much necking and result in abrupt failure [11].

Failure is a known truth about SiC particles, which simply indicates that they would be an intriguing aspect of load bearing and load in composites. Result shows that the maximum force is 9.13 KN. Despite of its strength of the SiC molecule appears to be a strong and brittle substance. If this material is reinforced on a comparatively softer matrix material, it leads to tremendous results.

The tests given in Fig. 4 explicitly confirm the following. The existence of SiC particles in the plastic deformation cycle obstructs the motion of dislocations and therefore enables the matrix to act as an isotopical substance. That is the reason why the composites have increased ultimate tensile strength (Tables 3 and 4).

Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

Load (N) Vs Strain (σ) variation

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 13, 3; 10.1556/1848.2021.00379

Table 3.

Observation data from universal testing machine (UTM)

Mode of Test Tension
Sample Flat strip (6.992  × 5.80 × 25 mm)
Thickness 5.80 mm
Width 6.92 mm
Area 40.14 mm2
Gauge Length 25.00 mm
Final Gauge Length 26.120 mm
Table 4.

Observation from tensile test

Parameter Output value
F max 9.13 KN
Ultimate tensile strength 227.42 MPa
% Elongation 4.48%
Yeild stress 199.36 MPa

7 Charphy test

Impact analysis by Charpy. The toughness of the materials was determined via Charpy impact testing. It is performed in accordance with ASTM D256. It has been applied to composites due to its low cost and quickness. A rectangular bar with a machined notch is used for Charpy impact testing. In the case of a standard fibre reinforced polymer, the Charpy specimen is 75 mm long, 10 mm broad, and 10 mm thick (Table 5). The Charpy test is carried out by inserting the pendulum in the equipment which has a known mass and length. The pendulum is lifted to a certain height and then let to drop. The specimen rises to a measured height as the pendulum swings, impacting and breaking it. The quantity of energy lost during the fracture is related to the difference between the beginning and ultimate heights. The total energy absorbed during the fracture is determined by
T total = m g × ( h i h f )
where T total is the total energy, m is the mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, h i is the initial height, h f is the final height.
Table 5.

Charphy test parameter

Test parameter Sample ID:1 Sample ID:2 Sample ID:3 Average
Absorbed energy in joules 6 6 6 6

The direction of the Charpy test composite specimen affects its failure. Fibre fracture and fibre pull out are common failure modes, although de-lamination failure is also a possibility. The Charpy impact specimen failure scenarios are depicted in Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

Observation of Charphy test

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 13, 3; 10.1556/1848.2021.00379

8 Microstructure test

The microscopic examination of the distribution of sic and Fly ash (csfa) particles in matrix using an ignites analyser. The structure is completed with this specimen dimensions of 40 × 40 × 10 mm. The non-homogeneous distribution of reinforcement occurs as a result of contact type differences between molten aluminium matrix and silicon during composite casting, resulting in poor wetting behaviour and a high surface tension of particals in liquid. The reinforcement has been uniformly dispersed in the aluminium matrix material as a result of the obtained outcome. Reinforcement and matrix have a role in micro structural interface casting. The distribution of silicon particles in the aluminium matrix is clustering and non-homogeneous, according to the microstructure analysis. Figure 6 demonstrates a correct interfacial reaction layer between the aluminium matrix material and the fly-ash. This correct interfacial reaction layer may be responsible for increasing the hybrid composite's mechanical characteristics. The microstructure image of the Al 6061/Al2O3/fly-ash hybrid composite material is shown in Fig. 6. The presence of Al2O3 and fly-ash in the AA6061 matrix material can be seen in the microstructure photograph. The reinforcement particles are evenly dispersed in the matrix material, as seen in the microstructure image.

Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.

SEM image of 3% CSA

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 13, 3; 10.1556/1848.2021.00379

Figure 6 shows the microstructure images of the produced specimens analysed with various magnifications using SEM, as well as the worn surfaces of composites. SEM image discovered indicate that these composites have high degrees of abrasion and delamination wear processes. Figure 4 shows surface damage with fractures and small cavities with distinct grooves, as well as material decohesion on the worn surface of Al-SiC 3 wt percent. Through the dispersed SiC particles, a thin rich tribo film was created, which helps to avoid direct metal contract, demonstrating that the wear rate is dependent on the available SiC film layer. It may operate as a protective barrier, preventing hard SiC particles from breaking, resulting in less surface damage and delamination wear in specific areas. It can be observed that the presence of SiC acts as a barrier to the moment of dislocation, preventing plastic deformation of the matrix and providing better wear resistance than a base alloy with mild patches and grooves.

9 Conclusions

Aluminium composites as matrix material and reinforcement materials fly shell ash and SiC spores may be treated well using stir casting processes. Using an increase in the reinforcement material, the density of the composites formed as reinforcements with CSA alone decreased. The addition of SiC particles to the mix increased the sample density by a noticeable amount, but due to the higher ash content, such composites still showed the same pattern. However, the findings of a composite's hardness test revealed that as the ash level in the mix increases, the resilience diminishes. Similarly, adding ceramic particles to composites improves their strength by acting as load-bearing elements in the samples created. The Ultimate Tensile Strength of the composites increased as the proportion of fly shell ash increased. Due to the hard ceramic, there is a noticeable improvement in the values, which tends to limit any elongation in the composite generated when loaded.

References

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    A. Canakci , Ph.D. Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey, 2006.

  • [1]

    M. Bodunrin , K.K. Alaneme , and L.H. Chown , “Aluminium matrix hybrid composites: a review of reinforcement philosophies; mechanical, corrosion and tribological characteristics,” J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 4, pp. 434445, 2015.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [2]

    P. Ashwath and M.A. Xavior , “Processing methods and property evaluation of Al2O3 and SiC reinforced metal matrix composites based on aluminium 2xxx alloys,” J. Mater. Res., vol. 31, pp. 12011219, 2016.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [3]

    K. Umanath , K. PalaniKumar , and S.T. Selvamani , “Analysis of dry sliding wear behaviour of Al6061/SiC/Al2O3 hybrid metal matrix composites,” Compos. Part B, vol. 53, pp. 159168, 2013.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [4]

    G.V. Kumar , C.S.P. Rao , and N. Selvaraj , “Studies on mechanical and dry sliding wear of Al6061–SiC composites,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 43, pp. 11851191, 2012.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [5]

    S. Mahdavi and F. Akhlaghi , “Effect of SiC content on the processing, compaction behavior, and properties of Al6061/SiC/Gr hybrid composites,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 46, pp. 15021511, 2011.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [6]

    C. Velmurugan , R. Subramanian , S. Thirugnanam , and B. Anandavel , “Investigation of friction and wear behavior of hybrid aluminium composites,” Ind. Lubr. Tribol., vol. 64, pp. 152163, 2012.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [7]

    V. Uvaraja and N. Natarajan , “Tribological characterization of stir-cast hybrid composite Aluminium 6061 reinforced with SiC and B4C particulates,” Eur. J. Sci. Res., vol. 76, pp. 539552, 2012.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [8]

    D.R.J. Selvam , D.R. Smart , and I. Dinaharan , “Synthesis and characterization of Al6061-fly Ashp-SiCp composites by stir casting and compocasting methods,” Energy Proced., vol. 34, pp. 637646, 2013.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [9]

    M. Naveed and A.R.A. Khan , “Ultimate tensile strength of heat treated hybrid metal matrix composites,” Int. J. Sci. Res., vol. 4, pp. 146151, 2015.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [10]

    P.S. Reddy , R. Kesavan , and B. Vijaya Ramnath , “Investigation of mechanical properties of aluminum 6061-silicon carbide, boron carbide metal matrix composite,” Silicon, vol. 9, pp. 18, 2017.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [11]

    B. Öztürk and F. Kara , Calculation and Estimation of Surface Roughness and Energy Consumption in Milling of 6061 Alloy, Advance Material Science and Engineering, 2020, Paper no. 5687951.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [12]

    Shaowei Fu, Metals , “Surface topography measurement of mirror-finished surfaces using fringe-patterned illumination,” Adv. Remanufacturing Technol. Centre, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 69, 2020, (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 637143, Singapore.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [13]

    J. Liu , “A new surface roughness measurement method based on a colour distribution statistical matrix,” Measurement, vol. 103, pp. 165178, Feb. 2017.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [14]

    G. Farkas , and Á. Drégelyi-Kiss , “Measurement uncertainty of surface roughness measurement,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. Manufacturing, pp. 78, June 2018.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [15]

    A. Bhardwaj , and Sunil Kumar , “Investigation of mechanical properties of aluminum 6063 with boron carbide and fly ash composite material,” Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 6, no. III, Mar. 2018.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [16]

    S. Mohankumar , “Experimental investigation on the tribological -mechanical properties of B4C and fly ash reinforced Al 359 composites,” Material Today Proceeding, vol. 21, Part 1, pp. 748754, 2020.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [17]

    P. R. George , I. Kantharaj , S. Mohanasundaram , and G. Babu Rao , “Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of Lm6 aluminum alloy reinforced with boron carbide and titanium hybrid composites,” Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol., vol. 10, no. 02, pp. 15841593, Feb. 2019.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • [18]

    A. Canakci , Ph.D. Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey, 2006.

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Senior editors

Editor-in-Chief: Ákos, Lakatos University of Debrecen (Hungary)

Founder, former Editor-in-Chief (2011-2020): Ferenc Kalmár University of Debrecen (Hungary)

Founding Editor: György Csomós University of Debrecen (Hungary)

Associate Editor: Derek Clements Croome University of Reading (UK)

Associate Editor: Dezső Beke University of Debrecen (Hungary)

Editorial Board

  • Mohammad Nazir AHMAD Institute of Visual Informatics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

    Murat BAKIROV Center for Materials and Lifetime Management Ltd. Moscow Russia

    Nicolae BALC Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca Romania

    Umberto BERARDI Ryerson University Toronto Canada

    Ildikó BODNÁR University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Sándor BODZÁS University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Fatih Mehmet BOTSALI Selçuk University Konya Turkey

    Samuel BRUNNER Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology

    István BUDAI University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Constantin BUNGAU University of Oradea Oradea Romania

    Shanshan CAI Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

    Michele De CARLI University of Padua Padua Italy

    Robert CERNY Czech Technical University in Prague Czech Republic

    György CSOMÓS University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Tamás CSOKNYAI Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary

    Eugen Ioan GERGELY University of Oradea Oradea Romania

    József FINTA University of Pécs Pécs Hungary

    Anna FORMICA IASI National Research Council Rome

    Alexandru GACSADI University of Oradea Oradea Romania

    Eric A. GRULKE University of Kentucky Lexington United States

    Janez GRUM University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia

    Géza HUSI University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Ghaleb A. HUSSEINI American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

    Nikolay IVANOV Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University St. Petersburg Russia

    Antal JÁRAI Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary

    Gudni JÓHANNESSON The National Energy Authority of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland

    László KAJTÁR Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary

    Ferenc KALMÁR University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Tünde KALMÁR University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Milos KALOUSEK Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republik

    Jan KOCI Czech Technical University in Prague Prague Czech Republic

    Vaclav KOCI Czech Technical University in Prague Prague Czech Republic

    Imra KOCSIS University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Imre KOVÁCS University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Éva LOVRA Univeqrsity of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Elena LUCCHI Eurac Research, Institute for Renewable Energy Bolzano Italy

    Tamás MANKOVITS University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Igor MEDVED Slovak Technical University in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia

    Ligia MOGA Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca Romania

    Marco MOLINARI Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

    Henrieta MORAVCIKOVA Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia

    Phalguni MUKHOPHADYAYA University of Victoria Victoria Canada

    Balázs NAGY Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary

    Husam S. NAJM Rutgers University New Brunswick United States

    Jozsef NYERS Subotica Tech College of Applied Sciences Subotica Serbia

    Bjarne W. OLESEN Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark

    Stefan ONIGA North University of Baia Mare Baia Mare Romania

    Joaquim Norberto PIRES Universidade de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

    László POKORÁDI Óbuda University Budapest Hungary

    Antal PUHL University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Roman RABENSEIFER Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Bratislava Slovak Republik

    Mohammad H. A. SALAH Hashemite University Zarqua Jordan

    Dietrich SCHMIDT Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology IWES Kassel Germany

    Lorand SZABÓ Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca Romania

    Csaba SZÁSZ Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca Romania

    Ioan SZÁVA Transylvania University of Brasov Brasov Romania

    Péter SZEMES University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Edit SZŰCS University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Radu TARCA University of Oradea Oradea Romania

    Zsolt TIBA University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    László TÓTH University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    László TÖRÖK University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

    Anton TRNIK Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra Nitra Slovakia

    Ibrahim UZMAY Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey

    Tibor VESSELÉNYI University of Oradea Oradea Romania

    Nalinaksh S. VYAS Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India

    Deborah WHITE The University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia

    Sahin YILDIRIM Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey

International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering
Address of the institute: Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen
H-4028 Debrecen, Ótemető u. 2-4. Hungary
Email: irase@eng.unideb.hu

Indexing and Abstracting Services:

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2022  
Scimago  
Scimago
H-index
9
Scimago
Journal Rank
0.235
Scimago Quartile Score Architecture (Q2)
Engineering (miscellaneous) (Q3)
Environmental Engineering (Q3)
Information Systems (Q4)
Management Science and Operations Research (Q4)
Materials Science (miscellaneous) Q3)
Scopus  
Scopus
Cite Score
1.6
Scopus
CIte Score Rank
Architecture 46/170 (73rd PCTL)
General Engineering 174/302 (42nd PCTL)
Materials Science (miscellaneous) 93/150 (38th PCTL)
Environmental Engineering 123/184 (33rd PCTL)
Management Science and Operations Research 142/198 (28th PCTL)
Information Systems 281/379 (25th PCTL)
 
Scopus
SNIP
0.686

2021  
Scimago  
Scimago
H-index
7
Scimago
Journal Rank
0,199
Scimago Quartile Score Engineering (miscellaneous) (Q3)
Environmental Engineering (Q4)
Information Systems (Q4)
Management Science and Operations Research (Q4)
Materials Science (miscellaneous) (Q4)
Scopus  
Scopus
Cite Score
1,2
Scopus
CIte Score Rank
Architecture 48/149 (Q2)
General Engineering 186/300 (Q3)
Materials Science (miscellaneous) 79/124 (Q3)
Environmental Engineering 118/173 (Q3)
Management Science and Operations Research 141/184 (Q4)
Information Systems 274/353 (Q4)
Scopus
SNIP
0,457

2020  
Scimago
H-index
5
Scimago
Journal Rank
0,165
Scimago
Quartile Score
Engineering (miscellaneous) Q3
Environmental Engineering Q4
Information Systems Q4
Management Science and Operations Research Q4
Materials Science (miscellaneous) Q4
Scopus
Cite Score
102/116=0,9
Scopus
Cite Score Rank
General Engineering 205/297 (Q3)
Environmental Engineering 107/146 (Q3)
Information Systems 269/329 (Q4)
Management Science and Operations Research 139/166 (Q4)
Materials Science (miscellaneous) 64/98 (Q3)
Scopus
SNIP
0,26
Scopus
Cites
57
Scopus
Documents
36
Days from submission to acceptance 84
Days from acceptance to publication 348
Acceptance
Rate

23%

 

2019  
Scimago
H-index
4
Scimago
Journal Rank
0,229
Scimago
Quartile Score
Engineering (miscellaneous) Q2
Environmental Engineering Q3
Information Systems Q3
Management Science and Operations Research Q4
Materials Science (miscellaneous) Q3
Scopus
Cite Score
46/81=0,6
Scopus
Cite Score Rank
General Engineering 227/299 (Q4)
Environmental Engineering 107/132 (Q4)
Information Systems 259/300 (Q4)
Management Science and Operations Research 136/161 (Q4)
Materials Science (miscellaneous) 60/86 (Q3)
Scopus
SNIP
0,866
Scopus
Cites
35
Scopus
Documents
47
Acceptance
Rate
21%

 

International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering
Publication Model Gold Open Access
Submission Fee none
Article Processing Charge 1100 EUR/article
Regional discounts on country of the funding agency World Bank Lower-middle-income economies: 50%
World Bank Low-income economies: 100%
Further Discounts Limited number of full waiver available. Editorial Board / Advisory Board members: 50%
Corresponding authors, affiliated to an EISZ member institution subscribing to the journal package of Akadémiai Kiadó: 100%
Subscription Information Gold Open Access

International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation
2010
Volumes
per Year
1
Issues
per Year
3
Founder Debreceni Egyetem
Founder's
Address
H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary Egyetem tér 1
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's
Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible
Publisher
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 2062-0810 (Print)
ISSN 2063-4269 (Online)

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Jun 2023 0 21 18
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