Sloshing analysis of a two-layered fluid in a tank with baffles using Level Set Method

Bilal Benmasaoud; Hilal Essaouini; Ahmed Hamydy; Mohammed Lhassane Lahlaouti

doi:10.1556/1848.2024.00868

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International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering

Volume/Issue:: Accepted Manuscript / Online First

Sloshing analysis of a two-layered fluid in a tank with baffles using Level Set Method

Authors:

Bilal Benmasaoud

Bilal Benmasaoud Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco

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bilal.benmasaoud@etu.uae.ac.ma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-5642

Hilal Essaouini

Hilal Essaouini Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco

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hilal_essaouini@yahoo.fr

Ahmed Hamydy

Ahmed Hamydy Regional Center for Education and Training Profession, Tetouan, Morocco

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a.hamydy@yahoo.fr

, and

Mohammed Lhassane Lahlaouti

Mohammed Lhassane Lahlaouti Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco

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hlahlaouti@hotmail.com

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Online Publication Date:: 29 Aug 2024

Publication Date:: 29 Aug 2024

Article Category:: Research Article

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00868

Keywords:: two-layer liquid; sloshing; Level Set Method; FEM

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Abstract

In this paper, a multiphase method based on the Level Set Method is employed to study the sloshing phenomenon of two-layer liquid inside a two-dimensional rectangular container subjected to horizontal excitation. Validation of the multiphase approach is conducted through a comparative analysis with existing studies. Results show a fair agreement between the numerical model and available numerical and experimental data. Initially, a series of simulations were used to compare the sloshing behaviour of a two-layer fluid with that of a single-layer fluid. Even under identical external excitation, layered fluids demonstrate different sloshing patterns compared to single-layer liquids. Furthermore, the influence of the periodic excitation frequency on the sloshing dynamics was examined. Analysis was also conducted to explore the effect of internal baffles on the oscillatory behaviour of layered liquid sloshing. The findings reveal that the baffles significantly mitigate the sloshing of the layered fluid.

Abstract

1 Introduction

Owing to the growing global demand for oil and gas, offshore technology such as floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) has recently begun to receive increased attention to accelerate the exploitation, extraction, and processing of offshore gas and oil. Crude oil extracted from deep-sea wells is initially a mixture of water and oil, piped to oily water separators in large tanks inside these floating units for processing. These separators operate on the principle of gravity settling to separate water from oil and require stable conditions for optimal operation. However, during their operations, these platforms are exposed to extremely harsh weather and sea conditions, such as waves, currents, and wind. Consequently, the motion of the floating platforms can cause intense sloshing of the layered liquid, which disturbs the equilibrium and makes obtaining the appropriate separation performance difficult.

Studies on the sloshing of multiphase fluid have been challenging over the past decade. Compared to single-layer liquid sloshing, multilayer sloshing presents more significant challenges due to variations in natural frequency through different layers [1]. Layered fluids (heterogeneous liquids) exhibit distinct sloshing behaviours compared to one-layer liquids (homogeneous liquids), even when subjected to the same external forces. Therefore, layered fluid sloshing has characteristics and behaviours that do not apply to assumptions generated using single-layer sloshing [2]. Therefore, it is essential to understand the impact of non-uniform density on the dynamic response of the layered fluid.

Most previous studies about liquid sloshing have mainly focused on single-layer fluid sloshing, while two-layer fluid sloshing cases have yet to be studied and analyzed. La Rocca et al. [3] conducted a theoretical investigation on the sloshing of a two-layer liquid, and they compared the mathematical model with experimental results to validate their study. Veletsos and Shivakumar [4] analyzed the sloshing behaviour of layered fluids within rectangular and cylindrical containers. Their study revealed that for each additional layer of fluid, there are also additional horizontal natural oscillation modes. This suggests that the complexity of the fluid layers contributes to a greater variety of sloshing patterns. Alongside theoretical studies, the sloshing of layered liquid was also studied numerically. Kargbo et al. [5] studied layered sloshing waves using the ALE method to track the fluid domain's free surface and interfacial wave. Korkmaz [6] studied the impact of viscosity on the sloshing of the stratified liquid, using high-speed imaging to track the deformations of the free surface. Liu et al. [7] conducted an experimental technique to investigate the sloshing characteristics of a three-layer fluid system.

Numerous studies have examined various elements and mechanisms in the control of sloshing [8]. One of the most common and effective methods used to suppress and mitigate fluid sloshing is the installation of baffles within tanks. These baffles work to dissipate sloshing energy and reduce pressure on tank walls through several mechanisms, such as increasing friction with the fluid and redirecting the flow, which reduces the momentum of the fluid and enables it to reduce its movement. Various shapes and types of baffles have been used to mitigate single-layer fluid sloshing, including perforated barriers, porous screens, slatted screens, and others. Few studies have been conducted on using baffles to study multilayer liquid sloshing. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect of internal baffles on the behaviour of the sloshing of the two-layer liquid. Qin et al. [9] examined the hydroelasticity in the structural reaction of baffles with various shapes, demonstrating its importance and influence, while Zhang [10] studied the sloshing-damping effects of deformable baffles. Poguluri and Cho [11] developed analytical and numerical methods to study the sloshing behaviour of a two-layer liquid with vertical porous baffles. Bellezi [12] researched perforated bulkheads for sloshing mitigation. Guan et al. [13] utilized a Boundary Element Method to study the influence of different shapes of baffles on the sloshing. Results showed that baffle shape significantly impacts the sloshing of liquids. Cho et al. [14] investigated the utilization of a porous baffle to reduce sloshing in a partially filled tank. The porous baffle dissipated sloshing energy, reduced pressure on tank walls, and significantly reduced sloshing compared to a central baffle.

Despite previous research on multilayer liquid sloshing, most of it was primarily focused on theoretical analyses that are not valid for viscous and turbulent flows. Furthermore, numerical studies ignore difficulties caused by interface dynamics, nonlinear effects, viscosity effects, and surface tension. To address the limitations of existing methods, we have developed an innovative multiphase flow approach based on the Level Set method. This novel method seeks to capture the complex interactions between different liquid layers and their effects on sloshing behaviour, offering a fresh perspective on the problem.

This study presents a numerical model based on the Level Set Method to study the sloshing of two-layer liquid in a 2-D rectangular container under horizontal excitations. A series of simulations were used to compare the sloshing behaviour of a two-layer fluid with that of a single-layer fluid. In addition, the analysis illustrates the dynamic interactions associated with free surface waves and interface waves and how these interactions affect the fluid motion and stability in the tank. Moreover, the influence of the frequency amplitude of the periodic excitation on the dynamics of sloshing was examined. Analysis was also performed to investigate the impact of two horizontal baffles on the sloshing of layered fluids.

The paper comprises four sections. Section 1 covers the introduction above. The second section presents the numerical model of two-layer liquid sloshing, the validation schemes, and the mesh analysis of the developed numerical model. Section 3 discusses the numerical results. Finally, the fourth section outlines conclusions and further perspectives.

2 Numerical methods and verification schemes

2.1 Govern equations

The Navier-Stokes equations govern the mass and momentum transport in the Multiphase Level Set interface:

ρ \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} + ρ (u \cdot \nabla) u = \nabla \cdot [- p I + μ (\nabla u + \nabla u^{T})] + F_{g} + F_{st} + F_{ext} + F

(1)

\nabla \cdot u = 0

(2)

where

u = (u, v)

represents the fluid velocity,

ρ

denotes the density,

p

sits for the pressure,

μ

is the viscosity,

I

signifies the unit diagonal matrix. The forces term in Equation (1) includes gravity, surface tension, and external and user-defined volume forces, respectively.

More information regarding the Level Set Method is available in the COMSOL Multiphysics Users Guide [15].

2.2 Numerical method

The sloshing behaviour of two-layer liquid in a 2-D rectangular container has been analyzed using a computational model developed with COMSOL Multiphysics software. The model uses a multiphase flow technique based on the Level Set Method, which is well-known for its ability to simulate complex multiphase flows. In this model, the two immiscible fluids are assumed to be incompressible, Newtonian and the interaction between the fluids is modeled using the Navier-Stokes equations. The system is subjected to horizontal oscillations with a movement function represented by $x = - a \sin ω t$ , where $a$ and $ω$ represent the amplitude and frequency of the external excitation, respectively. The study aims to analyze the impact of various parameters, such as the impact of excitation frequency, and investigate the influence of horizontal baffles on the sloshing patterns of the layered fluid (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1.

Geometry of the model (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

COMSOL Multiphysics software relies on the Finite Element Method (FEM) for its computational framework. At the core of the FEM lies a variational approach to problem formulation. Therefore, the outline of the derivation of a variational form tailored to solve the Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The equations within the domain

Ω

, subject to non-slip boundary conditions on

Γ_{0}

and zero normal stress conditions on

Γ_{n}

, are expressed in component form as:

{\begin{cases} ρ u_{j} u_{i, j} = - p_{, i} + μ {(u_{i, j} + u_{j, i})}_{, j} in Ω \\ u_{i, i} = 0 in Ω \\ u_{i, i} = 0 in Ω \\ u_{i} = 0 on Γ_{0} \\ - p n_{i} + μ (u_{i, j} + u_{j, i}) n_{j} = 0 on Γ_{n} \end{cases}

(3)

To address the momentum equation, a test function

v_{i}

is selected, satisfying

v_{i} = 0

Γ_{0}

. For the continuity equation, a test function is chosen and denoted

z

. These equations are subsequently multiplied by their respective test functions and incorporated into the domain:

ρ \int_{Ω} u_{j} u_{i, j} v_{i} d V = - \int_{Ω} p_{, i} v_{i} d V + μ \int_{Ω} {(u_{i, j} + u_{j, i})}_{, j} v_{i} d V \int_{Ω} u_{i, i} z d V = 0

(4)

Applying the integration by parts method on pressure and viscous terms gives:

- \int_{Ω} p_{, i} v_{i} d V = - \int_{Γ_{n}} p n_{i} v_{i} d S + \int_{Ω} p v_{i, i} d V

(5)

μ \int_{Ω} {(u_{i, j} + u_{j, i})}_{, j} v_{i} d V = μ \oint_{\partial Ω} (u_{i, j} + u_{j, i}) n_{j} v_{i} d S - μ \int_{Ω} (u_{i, j} + u_{j, i}) v_{i, j} d V = μ \int_{Γ_{n}} (u_{i, j} + u_{j, i}) n_{j} v_{i} d S - \frac{μ}{2} \int_{Ω} (u_{i, j} + u_{j, i}) (v_{i, j} + v_{j, i}) d V

(6)

The combination of boundary terms from equations (Eq. (5)) and (Eq. (6)) results in a zero-stress boundary condition integral:

- \int_{Γ_{n}} p n_{i} v_{i} d S + μ \int_{Γ_{n}} (u_{i, j} + u_{j, i}) n_{j} v_{i} d S = \int_{Γ_{n}} [- p n_{i} + μ (u_{i, j} + u_{j, i}) n_{j}] v_{i} d S = 0

(7)

Substituting expressions (Eq. (5)) and (Eq. (7)) back into equation (4) gives the variational form:

ρ \int_{Ω} u_{i} u_{i, j} v_{i} d V = \int_{Ω} p v_{i, i} d V - \frac{μ}{2} \int_{Ω} (u_{i, j} + u_{j, i}) (v_{i, j} + v_{j, i}) d V

(8)

\int_{Ω} u_{i, i} z d V = 0

(9)

FEM functions satisfy non-slip boundary conditions (on $Γ_{0}$ ) through function space selection while the boundary conditions of zero normal stress (on $Γ_{n}$ ) are implicitly upheld by the variational formulation. Details about the solver equations can be found in the reference (Xue et al. [16]).

2.3 Validation of the Level Set Method

The validity of the Level Set model is verified by comparing it with the numerical/experiment study conducted by Xue et al. [17]. Their experiments involved filling a tank, measuring $L = 0.57 m$ in length, with two immiscible liquids, water and diesel oil, characterized by densities of $ρ_{1} = 1,000 k g / m^{3}$ and $ρ_{2} = 846.4 k g / m^{3}$ respectively. The heights of the two layers, corresponding to densities $ρ_{1}$ and $ρ_{2}$ , are $h_{ρ_{1}} = 0.1 m$ and $h_{ρ_{2}} = 0.05 m$ respectively. The motion function is defined as $x = - a \sin ω t$ , where $a = 0.01 m$ and $ω = 4.24 r a d / s$ .

Figure 2 illustrates the oil–water phase interface wave at the right wall of the container. The results obtained using the multiphase Level Set Method demonstrate fair agreement with the IVOF-based numerical and the experiment conducted by Xue et al. [17].

Fig. 2.

Comparison of interface elevation between the present model and the simulation/experiment by Xue et al. [17] (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

2.4 Mesh analysis

To analyze the effect of the mesh size on the simulation generated by the model, a mesh convergence study was performed for the container configuration shown in Fig. 3. The mesh characteristics are divided into Coarse, Fine, and Normal mesh; the specific mesh properties are shown in Table 1. The simulations were performed using the same numerical parameters for the test model validation. This convergence is also related to the time integration step; in this example, the time step was set to t = 0.01 (Fig. 4).

Fig. 3.

Discretization of the domain (Normal mesh) (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

Table 1.

Mesh characteristics

Mesh type	Domain elements	Boundary elements	Maximal element size (m)	Minimal element size (m)	Curvature factor
Fine	12,274	480	0.00525	1.5E-4	0.3
Normal	7,892	385	0.00675	3.0E-4	0.3
Coarse	4,948	301	0.01	4.5E-4	0.4

Own source.

Fig. 4.

Effect of mesh type on free surface fluctuations (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

These results show that a mesh consisting of 4,948 domain elements and 301 boundary elements (considered as a Coarse mesh) is sufficient to discretize the considered geometry. Refining to a Normal mesh consisting of 7,892 domain elements and 385 boundary elements (Fig. 3), or even to a Fine mesh consisting of 12,274 domain elements and 480 boundary elements, did not significantly improve much in the results. It can be seen that the Normal and Fine meshes have significant similarities in terms of the temporal height of the free surface. Moreover, despite its lower discretization, the Coarse mesh also shows a strong similarity to the Normal mesh, indicating that the results remain acceptable even if the mesh is not too fine. Therefore, using a Normal mesh is valid and sufficient for this study, providing satisfactory accuracy while saving computational time.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Sloshing analysis of layered liquids in a partially filled 2-D rectangular container

In this section, a series of numerical simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics Software were conducted to analyze the sloshing behaviour of a two-layer liquid in a 2-D rectangular container, as depicted in Fig. 5. The container is subjected to a horizontal excitation in the form of $x = - a \sin ω t$ , where $a = 0.05 m$ represents the amplitude and $ω$ is the frequency of the horizontal excitation, respectively. The container dimensions are assumed to be a length of $L = 2 m$ and a fill height of the two immiscible liquids of $H = h_{1} + h_{2} = 1 m$ . The properties of the two-layer liquid are presented in Table 2.

Fig. 5.

Sketch of the geometry of the model in COMSOL (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

Table 2.

Physical properties of the two-layer liquid

Layered fluid	$ρ (kg / m^{3})$	$σ (N / m)$
Oil	846.4	0.45
Water	1,000	0.073

Own source.

The dynamics of the two-layer liquid sloshing are analyzed using the Level Set Method. The findings obtained from this analysis are compared with those of a single-layer liquid. The numerical results for the two-layered liquid sloshing are presented in detail in Figs 6 –8. These figures provide a detailed analysis of the sloshing behaviour of the layered liquids and illustrate the differences between the two-layer and single-layer liquid sloshing.

Fig. 6.

Temporal comparison of free surface elevation generated by sloshing of two-layer and single-layer liquids, with $ω = 3 r a d / s$ (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

Fig. 7.

Comparisons of free surface profiles of the sloshing of two-layer and single-layer liquids at several instants, with $ω = 3 r a d / s$ (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

Fig. 8.

Comparison snapshots of the two-layer and single-layer liquids sloshing at several instants, with $ω = 3 r a d / s$ (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

Figures 6 and 7 present a comparison between the free surface profiles of a two-layer liquid generated using the Multiphase Level Set Method and those of a single-layer liquid. The results indicate a significant difference in wave elevation and dynamic response. Even under identical external excitation, layered fluids reveal different sloshing patterns compared to single-layer liquids. This behaviour is potentially caused by density stratification of the layered liquid, and interfacial effects at the interface.

Furthermore, Fig. 8 shows snapshots captured at various time instants of the simulation of the two-layer liquid sloshing. The results show that the free surface elevation in a two-layer fluid is greater than a single-layer fluid, which is a key hydrodynamic characteristic of multi-layer fluid sloshing. The sloshing dynamics of multi-layered liquids are more complex and distinct from single-layered liquids, which can have significant implications in various industrial applications. These findings highlight the importance of considering the proprieties of layered liquids in sloshing systems.

3.2 Comparison of sloshing waves of the phase interface and the free surface of the two-layer-liquid

In this section, the sloshing characteristics of the interface waves of the layered liquid are analyzed and contrasted with those observed at the free surface.

Figures 9 and 10 compare free surface and interface wave profiles, which are two different types of waves that occur when a stratified fluid sloshes. Interface waves that propagate along the boundary between two immiscible liquids have a lower height than the free surface waves that propagate along the top surface of the liquid. This elevation difference is an important fluid dynamic property affecting stratified fluids' sloshing behaviour. It affects the stability of the fluid, the frequency of the waves, and the overall dynamics of the system. Therefore, understanding this difference is important to develop effective sloshing controls, and avoiding other safety risks.

Fig. 9.

Time history comparison of sloshing waves of the phase interface, and the free surface of the two-layer-liquid, with $ω = 2.5 r a d / s$ (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

Fig. 10.

Time history comparison of sloshing waves of the phase interface, and the free surface of the two-layer-liquid, with $ω = 3 r a d / s$ (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

3.3 Impact of frequency excitation on the dynamics of the layered liquid sloshing

In the following paragraph, we study the impact of varying frequency excitation on the dynamics of a two-layer liquid sloshing. This analysis is conducted using similar dimensions of the model considered in Fig. 5, to obtain comprehensive insights into the sloshing liquid's reaction to various excitation frequencies.

Figures 11 and 12 display the impact of frequency excitation on the behaviour of two-layer liquid sloshing. The sloshing amplitude follows a sinusoidal pattern due to the sinusoidal nature of the applied excitation. Furthermore, as the frequency amplitude of the periodic excitation rises, both the free surface and the elevation of the interfacial waves increase accordingly. The frequency of the periodic excitation plays a crucial role in shaping the free surface waves of layered liquid sloshing.

Fig. 11.

Time evolution of the interfacial layer waves at different values of the frequency amplitude of the horizontal excitation (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

Fig. 12.

Time evolution of the free surface waves at different values of the frequency amplitude of the horizontal excitation (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

3.4 Effect of two horizontal baffles on the layered liquid sloshing

Baffles are one of the well-known methods used to mitigate liquid sloshing. To investigate the effect of internal baffles on the sloshing characteristics of the two-layer liquid, a numerical model similar to the one depicted in Fig. 5 was used, with the integration of two horizontal baffles rigidly fixed at the right side and the left side of the tank, as shown in Fig. 13. The dimensions of the two horizontal baffles are given in Table 3. The movement of the tank was induced by a sinusoidal excitation function represented as $x = - a \sin ω t$ , where $a = 0.05 m$ represents the amplitude and $ω = 3 r a d / s$ .

Fig. 13.

Sketch of the geometry of the model with two horizontal baffles (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

Table 3.

Description of horizontal baffles

Horizontal baffles	Length (m)	Width (m)	Position (m)
Baffle 1	0.3	0.01	x = 0, y = 0.3
Baffle 2	0.3	0.01	x = 1.7, y = 0.3

Own source.

Figures 14 and 15 illustrate the interfacial layer and the free surface elevation at the right wall after installing the two horizontal baffles. The baffles effectively reduce sloshing amplitude. Furthermore, they demonstrate a notable effect in decreasing both the interfacial and the free surface wave height.

Fig. 14.

Comparison of phase interface elevation of the sloshing of the layered fluid with and without baffles (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

Fig. 15.

Comparison of the free surface elevation of the sloshing of the layered fluid with and without baffles (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

To visualize the interaction of the two-layer fluid with the horizontal baffles, screenshots are presented for different periods to compare the layered liquid sloshing with and without the two horizontal baffles, as shown in Fig. 16.

Fig. 16.

Comparisons of the snapshots of the sloshing of the layered fluid with and without baffles (Own source)

Citation: International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2025; 10.1556/1848.2024.00868

Figure 16 shows two-layer liquid sloshing simulations for both baffled and unbaffled cases. The baffles act as a solid wall and effectively reduce the sloshing of the fluid. The region around the horizontal baffles experiences higher fluid velocity compared to the case without baffles. The velocity distribution differs significantly between the two cases, with noticeable vortex shedding near the tip of the baffle in the presence of baffles. This indicates the dissipation of fluid energy that reduces wave amplitude. Baffles interact with layered fluid, reducing turbulence and damping fluid oscillations. Overall, the internal baffles significantly reduce the free surface's elevation and the layered fluid's phase interface. This reduces impact forces that act on the tank walls and improves the structural integrity and safety of the system.

4 Conclusion

A numerical multiphase flow model based on the Level Set Method was built in COMSOL Multiphysics software to study the sloshing of two-layer fluid in a baffled tank under horizontal excitation. Validation of the multiphase approach is conducted through a comparative analysis with the numerical/experimental study carried out by Xue et al. [17], demonstrating favourable agreement in terms of interfacial wave elevations. Non-layered and layered liquid sloshing was analyzed. The results indicate a significant difference in wave elevation. The sloshing amplitude follows a sinusoidal pattern due to the sinusoidal nature of the applied excitation. Furthermore, as the frequency amplitude of the periodic excitation rises, both the free surface and the elevation of the interfacial waves increase accordingly. Even under identical external excitation, layered fluids demonstrate different sloshing patterns compared to single-layer liquids. This behaviour is potentially caused by density stratification of the layered liquid, and interfacial effects at the interface. Moreover, the influence of internal baffles on the oscillatory behaviour of layered liquid sloshing was examined, revealing that the presence of baffles greatly mitigates the sloshing of the layered fluid. The Level Set Method has been demonstrated to be highly suitable for the numerical analysis of the sloshing characteristics of multilayer liquids.

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Comsol, “The CFD Module User’s Guide,” 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doc.comsol.com/6.2/doc/com.comsol.help.cfd/CFDModuleUsersGuide.pdf. Accessed May 09, 2024.
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M.-A. Xue, O. Kargbo, and J. Zheng, “Seiche oscillations of layered fluids in a closed rectangular tank with wave damping mechanism,” Ocean Eng., vol. 196, 2020, Art no. 106842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106842.
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M.-A. Xue, Z. Cao, X. Yuan, J. Zheng, and P. Lin, “A two-dimensional semi-analytic solution on two-layered liquid sloshing in a rectangular tank with a horizontal elastic baffle,” Phys. Fluids, vol. 35, no. 6, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0153071.
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International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering

Print ISSN:: 2062-0810

Online ISSN:: 2063-4269

Editorial Board

Mohammad Nazir AHMAD, Institute of Visual Informatics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

Murat BAKIROV, Center for Materials and Lifetime Management Ltd., Moscow, Russia

Nicolae BALC, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Umberto BERARDI, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada

Ildikó BODNÁR, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Sándor BODZÁS, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Fatih Mehmet BOTSALI, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey

Samuel BRUNNER, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland

István BUDAI, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Constantin BUNGAU, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania

Shanshan CAI, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

Michele De CARLI, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Robert CERNY, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Erdem CUCE, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey

György CSOMÓS, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Tamás CSOKNYAI, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

Anna FORMICA, IASI National Research Council, Rome, Italy

Alexandru GACSADI, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania

Eugen Ioan GERGELY, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania

Janez GRUM, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Géza HUSI, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Ghaleb A. HUSSEINI, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Nikolay IVANOV, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Antal JÁRAI, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary

Gudni JÓHANNESSON, The National Energy Authority of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

László KAJTÁR, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

Ferenc KALMÁR, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Tünde KALMÁR, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Milos KALOUSEK, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republik

Jan KOCI, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Vaclav KOCI, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Imre KOCSIS, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Imre KOVÁCS, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Angela Daniela LA ROSA, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Éva LOVRA, Univeqrsity of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Elena LUCCHI, Eurac Research, Institute for Renewable Energy, Bolzano, Italy

Tamás MANKOVITS, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Igor MEDVED, Slovak Technical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia

Ligia MOGA, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Marco MOLINARI, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Henrieta MORAVCIKOVA, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

Phalguni MUKHOPHADYAYA, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada

Balázs NAGY, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

Husam S. NAJM, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA

Jozsef NYERS, Subotica Tech College of Applied Sciences, Subotica, Serbia

Bjarne W. OLESEN, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

Stefan ONIGA, North University of Baia Mare, Baia Mare, Romania

Joaquim Norberto PIRES, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

László POKORÁDI, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary

Roman RABENSEIFER, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republik

Mohammad H. A. SALAH, Hashemite University, Zarqua, Jordan

Dietrich SCHMIDT, Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology IWES, Kassel, Germany

Lorand SZABÓ, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Csaba SZÁSZ, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Ioan SZÁVA, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania

Péter SZEMES, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Edit SZŰCS, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Radu TARCA, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania

Zsolt TIBA, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

László TÓTH, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

László TÖRÖK, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Anton TRNIK, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia

Ibrahim UZMAY, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

Andrea VALLATI, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

Tibor VESSELÉNYI, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania

Nalinaksh S. VYAS, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

Deborah WHITE, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering
Address of the institute: Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen
H-4028 Debrecen, Ótemető u. 2-4. Hungary
Email: irase@eng.unideb.hu

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2024
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2023
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Scopus CIte Score Rank	Architecture (Q1) General Engineering (Q2) Materials Science (miscellaneous) (Q3) Environmental Engineering (Q3) Management Science and Operations Research (Q3) Information Systems (Q3)
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International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering
Publication Model	Gold Open Access Online only
Submission Fee	none
Article Processing Charge	1100 EUR/article
Regional discounts on country of the funding agency	World Bank Lower-middle-income economies: 50% World Bank Low-income economies: 100%
Further Discounts	Limited number of full waivers available. Editorial Board / Advisory Board members: 50% Corresponding authors, affiliated to an EISZ member institution subscribing to the journal package of Akadémiai Kiadó: 100%
Subscription Information	Gold Open Access

International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering
Language	English
Size	A4
Year of Foundation	2010
Volumes per Year	1
Issues per Year	3
Founder	Debreceni Egyetem
Founder's Address	H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary Egyetem tér 1
Publisher	Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's Address	H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible Publisher	Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN	2062-0810 (Print)
ISSN	2063-4269 (Online)

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Abstract

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Numerical methods and verification schemes

2.1 Govern equations

2.2 Numerical method

2.3 Validation of the Level Set Method

2.4 Mesh analysis

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Sloshing analysis of layered liquids in a partially filled 2-D rectangular container

3.2 Comparison of sloshing waves of the phase interface and the free surface of the two-layer-liquid

3.3 Impact of frequency excitation on the dynamics of the layered liquid sloshing

3.4 Effect of two horizontal baffles on the layered liquid sloshing

4 Conclusion

References

Share Link

Monthly Content Usage

Interrelation between glazing and summer operative temperature in buildings

On-site monitoring in a passive house

On the evaluation of plastic buckling of pipeline bending

Influence of air distribution in modern large university lecture hall on thermal comfort

Editorial

Thermal characterization of different graphite polystyrene

Tribology behaviour investigation of 3D printed polymers

Thermal bridges in building envelopes – An overview of impacts and solutions

Assessment of mechanical and durability performance of silica fume and metakaolin as cementitious materials in high-performance concrete

Optimization by RSM on rotary friction welding of AA1100 aluminum alloy and mild steel

Abstract

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Numerical methods and verification schemes

2.1 Govern equations

2.2 Numerical method

2.3 Validation of the Level Set Method

2.4 Mesh analysis

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Sloshing analysis of layered liquids in a partially filled 2-D rectangular container

3.2 Comparison of sloshing waves of the phase interface and the free surface of the two-layer-liquid

3.3 Impact of frequency excitation on the dynamics of the layered liquid sloshing

3.4 Effect of two horizontal baffles on the layered liquid sloshing

4 Conclusion

References

Share Link

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