European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 1
Ageing and the immune system: focus on macrophages
Authors:
E. Linehan Queen’s University Belfast Centre for Infection and Immunity 97 Lisburn Road Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7AE UK

Search for other papers by E. Linehan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
and
Denise Fitzgerald Queen’s University Belfast Centre for Infection and Immunity 97 Lisburn Road Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7AE UK

Search for other papers by Denise Fitzgerald in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Pages:
14–24
Online Publication Date:
26 Mar 2015
Publication Date:
01 Mar 2015
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/eujmi-d-14-00035
Keywords:
ageing; immune system; macrophage; polarisation; phagocytosis
Open access

A fully functioning immune system is essential in order to maintain good health. However, the immune system deteriorates with advancing age, and this contributes to increased susceptibility to infection, autoimmunity, and cancer in the older population. Progress has been made in identifying age-related defects in the adaptive immune system. In contrast, relatively little research has been carried out on the impact of ageing on the innate immune response. This area requires further research as the innate immune system plays a crucial role in protection against infection and represents a first line of defence. Macrophages are central effector cells of the innate immune system and have many diverse functions. As a result, age-related impairments in macrophage function are likely to have important consequences for the health of the older population. It has been reported that ageing in macrophages impacts on many processes including toll-like receptor signalling, polarisation, phagocytosis, and wound repair. A detailed understanding of the impact of ageing on macrophages is required in order to develop therapeutics that will boost immune responses in the older population.

  • Dorshkind K, Montecino-Rodriguez E, Signer RA: The ageing immune system: is it ever too old to become young again? Nat Rev Immunol 9, 57–62 (2009)

    Signer RA , 'The ageing immune system: is it ever too old to become young again ' (2009 ) 9 Nat Rev Immunol : 57 -62 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Aw D, Silva AB, Palmer DB: Immunosenescence: emerging challenges for an ageing population. Immunology 120, 435–446 (2007)

    Palmer DB , 'Immunosenescence: emerging challenges for an ageing population ' (2007 ) 120 Immunology : 435 -446 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Newgard CB, Sharpless NE: Coming of age: molecular drivers of aging and therapeutic opportunities. J Clin Invest 123, 946–950 (2013)

    Sharpless NE , 'Coming of age: molecular drivers of aging and therapeutic opportunities ' (2013 ) 123 J Clin Invest : 946 -950 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Medzhitov R: Recognition of microorgani sms and activation of the immune response. Nature 449, 819–826 (2007)

    Medzhitov R , 'Recognition of microorgani sms and activation of the immune response ' (2007 ) 449 Nature : 819 -826 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R: Regulation of a daptive immunity by the innate immune system. Science 327, 291–295 (2010)

    Medzhitov R , 'Regulation of a daptive immunity by the innate immune system ' (2010 ) 327 Science : 291 -295 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Cooper MD, Alder MN: The evolution of a daptive immune systems. Cell 124, 815–822 (2006)

    Alder MN , 'The evolution of a daptive immune systems ' (2006 ) 124 Cell : 815 -822 .

  • Katz JM, Plowden J, Renshaw-Hoelscher M, Lu X, Tumpey TM, Sambhara S: Immunity to influenza: the challenges of protecting an aging population. Immunol Res 29, 113–124 (2004)

    Sambhara S , 'Immunity to influenza: the challenges of protecting an aging population ' (2004 ) 29 Immunol Res : 113 -124 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Vu T, Farish S, Jenkins M, Kelly H: A m eta-analysis of effectiveness of influenza vaccine in persons aged 65 years and over living in the community. Vaccine 20, 1831–1836 (2002)

    Kelly H , 'A m eta-analysis of effectiveness of influenza vaccine in persons aged 65 years and over living in the community ' (2002 ) 20 Vaccine : 1831 -1836 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Thomas-Crusells J, McElhaney JE, Aguado MT: Report of the ad-hoc consultation on aging and immunization for a future WHO research agenda on life-course immunization. Vaccine 30, 6007–6012 (2012)

    Aguado MT , 'Report of the ad-hoc consultation on aging and immunization for a future WHO research agenda on life-course immunization ' (2012 ) 30 Vaccine : 6007 -6012 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Fulop T, Kotb R, Fortin CF, Pawelec G, de Angelis F, Larbi A: Potential role of immunosenescence in cancer development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1197, 158–165 (2010)

    Larbi A , 'Potential role of immunosenescence in cancer development ' (2010 ) 1197 Ann N Y Acad Sci : 158 -165 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Prelog M: Aging of the immune system: a risk factor for autoimmunity? Autoimmun Rev 5, 136–139 (2006)

    Prelog M , 'Aging of the immune system: a risk factor for autoimmunity ' (2006 ) 5 Autoimmun Rev : 136 -139 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Franceschi C, Bonafe M, Valensin S, Olivieri F, De Luca M, Ottaviani E, De Benedictis G: Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 908, 244–254 (2000)

    Benedictis G , 'Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence ' (2000 ) 908 Ann N Y Acad Sci : 244 -254 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Libby P, Okamoto Y, Rocha VZ, Folco E: Inflammation in atherosclerosis: transition from theory to practice. Circ J 74, 213–220 (2010)

    Folco E , 'Inflammation in atherosclerosis: transition from theory to practice ' (2010 ) 74 Circ J : 213 -220 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Linton PJ, Dorshkind K: Age-related ch anges in lymphocyte development and function. Nat Immunol 5, 133–139 (2004)

    Dorshkind K , 'Age-related ch anges in lymphocyte development and function ' (2004 ) 5 Nat Immunol : 133 -139 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Cho RH, Sieburg HB, Muller-Sieburg CE: A new mechanism for the aging of hematopoietic stem cells: aging changes the clonal composition of the stem cell compartment but not individual stem cells. Blood 111, 5553–5561 (2008)

    Muller-Sieburg CE , 'A new mechanism for the aging of hematopoietic stem cells: aging changes the clonal composition of the stem cell compartment but not individual stem cells ' (2008 ) 111 Blood : 5553 -5561 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Vallejo AN: CD28 extinction in human T cells: altered functions and the program of T-cell senescence. Immunol Rev 205, 158–169 (2005)

    Vallejo AN , 'CD28 extinction in human T cells: altered functions and the program of T-cell senescence ' (2005 ) 205 Immunol Rev : 158 -169 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Akbar AN, Fletcher JM: Memory T cell homeostasis and senescence during aging. Curr Opin Immunol 17, 480–485 (2005)

    Fletcher JM , 'Memory T cell homeostasis and senescence during aging ' (2005 ) 17 Curr Opin Immunol : 480 -485 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Frasca D, Diaz A, Romero M, Landin AM, Blomberg BB: Age effects on B cells and humoral immunity in humans. Ageing Res Rev 10, 330–335 (2011)

    Blomberg BB , 'Age effects on B cells and humoral immunity in humans ' (2011 ) 10 Ageing Res Rev : 330 -335 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Frasca D, Landin AM, Lechner SC, Ryan JG, Schwartz R, Riley RL, Blomberg BB: Aging down-regulates the transcription factor E2A, activation-induced cytidine deaminase, and Ig class switch in human B cells. J Immunol 180, 5283–5290 (2008)

    Blomberg BB , 'Aging down-regulates the transcription factor E2A, activation-induced cytidine deaminase, and Ig class switch in human B cells ' (2008 ) 180 J Immunol : 5283 -5290 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Scholz JL, Diaz A, Riley RL, Cancro MP, Frasca D: A comparative review of aging and B cell function in mice and humans. Curr Opin Immunol 25, 504–510 (2013)

    Frasca D , 'A comparative review of aging and B cell function in mice and humans ' (2013 ) 25 Curr Opin Immunol : 504 -510 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Johnson SA, Rozzo SJ, Cambier JC: Aging-dependent exclusion of antigen-inexperienced cells from the peripheral B cell repertoire. J Immunol 168, 5014–5023 (2002)

    Cambier JC , 'Aging-dependent exclusion of antigen-inexperienced cells from the peripheral B cell repertoire ' (2002 ) 168 J Immunol : 5014 -5023 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Shaw AC, Joshi S, Greenwood H, Panda A, Lord JM: Aging of the innate immune system. Curr Opin Immunol 22, 507–513 (2010)

    Lord JM , 'Aging of the innate immune system ' (2010 ) 22 Curr Opin Immunol : 507 -513 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Gordon S: The macrophage: past, present and future. Eur J Immunol 37(Suppl 1), S9–17 (2007)

    Gordon S , 'The macrophage: past, present and future ' (2007 ) 37 Eur J Immunol : S9 -17 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Wynn TA, Chawla A, Pollard JW: Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease. Nature 496, 445–455 (2013)

    Pollard JW , 'Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease ' (2013 ) 496 Nature : 445 -455 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Leibovich SJ, Ross R: The role of the macrophage in wound repair. A study with hydrocortisone and antimacrophage serum. Am J Pathol 78, 71–100 (1975)

    Ross R , 'The role of the macrophage in wound repair. A study with hydrocortisone and antimacrophage serum ' (1975 ) 78 Am J Pathol : 71 -100 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P, Janeway CA Jr: A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 388, 394–397 (1997)

    Janeway CA , 'A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity ' (1997 ) 388 Nature : 394 -397 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Janeway CA Jr, Medzhitov R: Innate immune recognition. Annu Rev Immunol 20, 197–216 (2002)

    Medzhitov R , 'Innate immune recognition ' (2002 ) 20 Annu Rev Immunol : 197 -216 .

  • Takeuchi O, Akira S: Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation. Cell 140, 805–820 (2010)

    Akira S , 'Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation ' (2010 ) 140 Cell : 805 -820 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kawai T, Akira S: The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol 11, 373–384 (2010)

    Akira S , 'The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors ' (2010 ) 11 Nat Immunol : 373 -384 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Murray PJ, Wynn TA: Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets. Nat Rev Immunol 11, 723–737 (2011)

    Wynn TA , 'Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets ' (2011 ) 11 Nat Rev Immunol : 723 -737 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kinchen JM, Ravichandran KS: Phagosome maturation: going through the acid test. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9, 781–795 (2008)

    Ravichandran KS , 'Phagosome maturation: going through the acid test ' (2008 ) 9 Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol : 781 -795 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Underhill DM, Ozinsky A: Phagocytosis of microbes: complexity in action. Annu Rev Immunol 20, 825–852 (2002)

    Ozinsky A , 'Phagocytosis of microbes: complexity in action ' (2002 ) 20 Annu Rev Immunol : 825 -852 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Underhill DM, Goodridge HS: Information processing during phagocytosis. Nat Rev Immunol 12, 492–502 (2012)

    Goodridge HS , 'Information processing during phagocytosis ' (2012 ) 12 Nat Rev Immunol : 492 -502 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kanno S, Furuyama A, Hirano S: A murine scavenger receptor MARCO recognizes polystyrene nanoparticles. Toxicol Sci 97, 398–406 (2007)

    Hirano S , 'A murine scavenger receptor MARCO recognizes polystyrene nanoparticles ' (2007 ) 97 Toxicol Sci : 398 -406 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kerrigan AM, Brown GD: C-type lectins and phagocytosis. Immunobiology 214, 562–575 (2009)

    Brown GD , 'C-type lectins and phagocytosis ' (2009 ) 214 Immunobiology : 562 -575 .

  • Swanson JA, Hoppe AD: The coordination of signaling during Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 76, 1093–1103 (2004)

    Hoppe AD , 'The coordination of signaling during Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis ' (2004 ) 76 J Leukoc Biol : 1093 -1103 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Gordon S: Elie Metchnikoff: father of natural immunity. Eur J Immunol 38, 3257–3264 (2008)

    Gordon S , 'Elie Metchnikoff: father of natural immunity ' (2008 ) 38 Eur J Immunol : 3257 -3264 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Elliott MR, Ravichandran KS: Clearance of apoptotic cells: implications in health and disease. J Cell Biol 189, 1059–1070 (2010)

    Ravichandran KS , 'Clearance of apoptotic cells: implications in health and disease ' (2010 ) 189 J Cell Biol : 1059 -1070 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Ravichandran KS: Beginnings of a good apoptotic meal: the find-me and eat-me signaling pathways. Immunity 35, 445–455 (2011)

    Ravichandran KS , 'Beginnings of a good apoptotic meal: the find-me and eat-me signaling pathways ' (2011 ) 35 Immunity : 445 -455 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kawane K, Ohtani M, Miwa K, Kizawa T, Kanbara Y, Yoshioka Y, Yoshikawa H, Nagata S: Chronic polyarthritis caused by mammalian DNA that escapes from degradation in macrophages. Nature 443, 998–1002 (2006)

    Nagata S , 'Chronic polyarthritis caused by mammalian DNA that escapes from degradation in macrophages ' (2006 ) 443 Nature : 998 -1002 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kotter MR, Setzu A, Sim FJ, Van Rooijen N, Franklin RJ: Macrophage depletion impairs oligodendrocyte remyelination following lysolecithin-induced demyelination. Glia 35, 204–212 (2001)

    Franklin RJ , 'Macrophage depletion impairs oligodendrocyte remyelination following lysolecithin-induced demyelination ' (2001 ) 35 Glia : 204 -212 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • van Furth R, Cohn ZA: The origin and kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes. J Exp Med 128, 415–435 (1968)

    Cohn ZA , 'The origin and kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes ' (1968 ) 128 J Exp Med : 415 -435 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Geissmann F, Manz MG, Jung S, Sieweke MH, Merad M, Ley K: Development of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Science 327, 656–661 (2010)

    Ley K , 'Development of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells ' (2010 ) 327 Science : 656 -661 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Fogg DK, Sibon C, Miled C, Jung S, Aucouturier P, Littman DR, Cumano A, Geissmann F: A clonogenic bone marrow progenitor specific for macrophages and dendritic cells. Science 311, 83–87 (2006)

    Geissmann F , 'A clonogenic bone marrow progenitor specific for macrophages and dendritic cells ' (2006 ) 311 Science : 83 -87 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Geissmann F, Jung S, Littman DR: Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties. Immunity 19, 71–82 (2003)

    Littman DR , 'Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties ' (2003 ) 19 Immunity : 71 -82 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Varol C, Landsman L, Fogg DK, Greenshtein L, Gildor B, Margalit R, Kalchenko V, Geissmann F, Jung S: Monocytes give rise to mucosal, but not splenic, conventional dendritic cells. J Exp Med 204, 171–180 (2007)

    Jung S , 'Monocytes give rise to mucosal, but not splenic, conventional dendritic cells ' (2007 ) 204 J Exp Med : 171 -180 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Yona S, Kim KW, Wolf Y, Mildner A, Varol D, Breker M, Strauss-Ayali D, Viukov S, Guilliams M, Misharin A, Hume DA, Perlman H, Malissen B, Zelzer E, Jung S: Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis. Immunity 38, 79–91 (2013)

    Jung S , 'Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis ' (2013 ) 38 Immunity : 79 -91 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Dunay IR, Damatta RA, Fux B, Presti R, Greco S, Colonna M, Sibley LD: Gr1(+) inflammatory monocytes are required for mucosal resistance to the pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. Immunity 29, 306–317 (2008)

    Sibley LD , 'Gr1(+) inflammatory monocytes are required for mucosal resistance to the pathogen Toxoplasma gondii ' (2008 ) 29 Immunity : 306 -317 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Auffray C, Sieweke MH, Geissmann F: Blood monocytes: development, heterogeneity, and relationship with dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol 27, 669–692 (2009)

    Geissmann F , 'Blood monocytes: development, heterogeneity, and relationship with dendritic cells ' (2009 ) 27 Annu Rev Immunol : 669 -692 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Nahrendorf M, Swirski FK, Aikawa E, Stangenberg L, Wurdinger T, Figueiredo JL, Libby P, Weissleder R, Pittet MJ: The healing myocardium sequentially mobilizes two monocyte subsets with divergent and complementary functions. J Exp Med 204, 3037–3047 (2007)

    Pittet MJ , 'The healing myocardium sequentially mobilizes two monocyte subsets with divergent and complementary functions ' (2007 ) 204 J Exp Med : 3037 -3047 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Hume DA, Ross IL, Himes SR, Sasmono RT, Wells CA, Ravasi T: The mononuclear phagocyte system revisited. J Leukoc Biol 72, 621–627 (2002)

    Ravasi T , 'The mononuclear phagocyte system revisited ' (2002 ) 72 J Leukoc Biol : 621 -627 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Melnicoff MJ, Horan PK, Breslin EW, Morahan PS: Maintenance of peritoneal macrophages in the steady state. J Leukoc Biol 44, 367–375 (1988)

    Morahan PS , 'Maintenance of peritoneal macrophages in the steady state ' (1988 ) 44 J Leukoc Biol : 367 -375 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Sawyer RT, Strausbauch PH, Volkman A: Resident macrophage proliferation in mice depleted of blood monocytes by strontium-89. Lab Invest 46, 165–170 (1982)

    Volkman A , 'Resident macrophage proliferation in mice depleted of blood monocytes by strontium-89 ' (1982 ) 46 Lab Invest : 165 -170 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Ginhoux F, Greter M, Leboeuf M, Nandi S, See P, Gokhan S, Mehler MF, Conway SJ, Ng LG, Stanley ER, Samokhvalov IM, Merad M: Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages. Science 330, 841–845 (2010)

    Merad M , 'Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages ' (2010 ) 330 Science : 841 -845 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Hoeffel G, Wang Y, Greter M, See P, Teo P, Malleret B, Leboeuf M, Low D, Oller G, Almeida F, Choy SH, Grisotto M, Renia L, Conway SJ, Stanley ER, Chan JK, Ng LG, Samokhvalov IM, Merad M, Ginhoux F: Adult Langerhans cells derive predominantly from embryonic fetal liver monocytes with a minor contribution of yolk sac-derived macrophages. J Exp Med 209, 1167–1181 (2012)

    Ginhoux F , 'Adult Langerhans cells derive predominantly from embryonic fetal liver monocytes with a minor contribution of yolk sac-derived macrophages ' (2012 ) 209 J Exp Med : 1167 -1181 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Schulz C, Gomez Perdiguero E, Chorro L, Szabo-Rogers H, Cagnard N, Kierdorf K, Prinz M, Wu B, Jacobsen SE, Pollard JW, Frampton J, Liu KJ, Geissmann F: A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells. Science 336, 86–90 (2012)

    Geissmann F , 'A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells ' (2012 ) 336 Science : 86 -90 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Guilliams M, De Kleer I, Henri S, Post S, Vanhoutte L, De Prijck S, Deswarte K, Malissen B, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN: Alveolar macrophages develop from fetal monocytes that differentiate into long-lived cells in the first week of life via GM-CSF. J Exp Med 210, 1977–1992 (2013)

    Lambrecht BN , 'Alveolar macrophages develop from fetal monocytes that differentiate into long-lived cells in the first week of life via GM-CSF ' (2013 ) 210 J Exp Med : 1977 -1992 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Stout RD, Suttles J: Functional plasticity of macrophages: reversible adaptation to changing microenvironments. J Leukoc Biol 76, 509–513 (2004)

    Suttles J , 'Functional plasticity of macrophages: reversible adaptation to changing microenvironments ' (2004 ) 76 J Leukoc Biol : 509 -513 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Nathan CF, Murray HW, Wiebe ME, Rubin BY: Identification of interferon-gamma as the lymphokine that activates human macrophage oxidative metabolism and antimicrobial activity. J Exp Med 158, 670–689 (1983)

    Rubin BY , 'Identification of interferon-gamma as the lymphokine that activates human macrophage oxidative metabolism and antimicrobial activity ' (1983 ) 158 J Exp Med : 670 -689 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Stein M, Keshav S, Harris N, Gordon S: Interleukin 4 potently enhances murine macrophage mannose receptor activity: a marker of alternative immunologic macrophage activation. J Exp Med 176, 287–292 (1992)

    Gordon S , 'Interleukin 4 potently enhances murine macrophage mannose receptor activity: a marker of alternative immunologic macrophage activation ' (1992 ) 176 J Exp Med : 287 -292 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Gordon S, Martinez FO: Alternative activation of macrophages: mechanism and functions. Immunity 32, 593–604 (2010)

    Martinez FO , 'Alternative activation of macrophages: mechanism and functions ' (2010 ) 32 Immunity : 593 -604 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Doyle AG, Herbein G, Montaner LJ, Minty AJ, Caput D, Ferrara P, Gordon S: Interleukin-13 alters the activation state of murine macrophages in vitro: comparison with interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma. Eur J Immunol 24, 1441–1445 (1994)

    Gordon S , 'Interleukin-13 alters the activation state of murine macrophages in vitro: comparison with interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma ' (1994 ) 24 Eur J Immunol : 1441 -1445 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Mantovani A, Sica A, Sozzani S, Allavena P, Vecchi A, Locati M: The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization. Trends Immunol 25, 677–686 (2004)

    Locati M , 'The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization ' (2004 ) 25 Trends Immunol : 677 -686 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Varin A, Gordon S: Alternative activation of macrophages: immune function and cellular biology. Immunobiology 214, 630–641 (2009)

    Gordon S , 'Alternative activation of macrophages: immune function and cellular biology ' (2009 ) 214 Immunobiology : 630 -641 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Martinez FO, Sica A, Mantovani A, Locati M: Macrophage activation and polarization. Front Biosci 13, 453–461 (2008)

    Locati M , 'Macrophage activation and polarization ' (2008 ) 13 Front Biosci : 453 -461 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Edwards JP, Zhang X, Frauwirth KA, Mosser DM: Biochemical and functional characterization of three activated macrophage populations. J Leukoc Biol 80, 1298–1307 (2006)

    Mosser DM , 'Biochemical and functional characterization of three activated macrophage populations ' (2006 ) 80 J Leukoc Biol : 1298 -1307 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Mosser DM, Edwards JP: Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation. Nat Rev Immunol 8, 958–969 (2008)

    Edwards JP , 'Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation ' (2008 ) 8 Nat Rev Immunol : 958 -969 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Stout RD, Jiang C, Matta B, Tietzel I, Watkins SK, Suttles J: Macrophages sequentially change their functional phenotype in response to changes in microenvironmental influences. J Immunol 175, 342–349 (2005)

    Suttles J , 'Macrophages sequentially change their functional phenotype in response to changes in microenvironmental influences ' (2005 ) 175 J Immunol : 342 -349 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Plowden J, Renshaw-Hoelscher M, Engleman C, Katz J, Sambhara S: Innate immunity in aging: impact on macrophage function. Aging Cell 3, 161–167 (2004)

    Sambhara S , 'Innate immunity in aging: impact on macrophage function ' (2004 ) 3 Aging Cell : 161 -167 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Sebastian C, Espia M, Serra M, Celada A, Lloberas J: MacrophAging: a cellular and molecular review. Immunobiology 210, 121–126 (2005)

    Lloberas J , 'MacrophAging: a cellular and molecular review ' (2005 ) 210 Immunobiology : 121 -126 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Renshaw M, Rockwell J, Engleman C, Gewirtz A, Katz J, Sambhara S: Cutting edge: impaired Toll-like receptor expression and function in aging. J Immunol 169, 4697–4701 (2002)

    Sambhara S , 'Cutting edge: impaired Toll-like receptor expression and function in aging ' (2002 ) 169 J Immunol : 4697 -4701 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Boehmer ED, Goral J, Faunce DE, Kovacs EJ: Age-dependent decrease in Toll-like receptor 4-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression. J Leukoc Biol 75, 342–349 (2004)

    Kovacs EJ , 'Age-dependent decrease in Toll-like receptor 4-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression ' (2004 ) 75 J Leukoc Biol : 342 -349 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Chelvarajan RL, Collins SM, Van Willigen JM, Bondada S: The unresponsiveness of aged mice to polysaccharide antigens is a result of a defect in macrophage function. J Leukoc Biol 77, 503–512 (2005)

    Bondada S , 'The unresponsiveness of aged mice to polysaccharide antigens is a result of a defect in macrophage function ' (2005 ) 77 J Leukoc Biol : 503 -512 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Chelvarajan RL, Liu Y, Popa D, Getchell ML, Getchell TV, Stromberg AJ, Bondada S: Molecular basis of age-associated cytokine dysregulation in LPS-stimulated macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 79, 1314–1327 (2006)

    Bondada S , 'Molecular basis of age-associated cytokine dysregulation in LPS-stimulated macrophages ' (2006 ) 79 J Leukoc Biol : 1314 -1327 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Wu D, Mura C, Beharka AA, Han SN, Paulson KE, Hwang D, Meydani SN: Age-associated increase in PGE2 synthesis and COX activity in murine macrophages is reversed by vitamin E. Am J Physiol 275, C661–668 (1998)

    Meydani SN , 'Age-associated increase in PGE2 synthesis and COX activity in murine macrophages is reversed by vitamin E ' (1998 ) 275 Am J Physiol : C661 -668 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Nyugen J, Agrawal S, Gollapudi S, Gupta S: Impaired functions of peripheral blood monocyte subpopulations in aged humans. J Clin Immunol 30, 806–813 (2010)

    Gupta S , 'Impaired functions of peripheral blood monocyte subpopulations in aged humans ' (2010 ) 30 J Clin Immunol : 806 -813 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • van Duin D, Mohanty S, Thomas V, Ginter S, Montgomery RR, Fikrig E, Allore HG, Medzhitov R, Shaw AC: Ageassociated defect in human TLR-1/2 function. J Immunol 178, 970–975 (2007)

    Shaw AC , 'Ageassociated defect in human TLR-1/2 function ' (2007 ) 178 J Immunol : 970 -975 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Seidler S, Zimmermann HW, Bartneck M, Trautwein C, Tacke F: Age-dependent alterations of monocyte subsets and monocyte-related chemokine pathways in healthy adults. BMC Immunol 11, 30 (2010)

    Tacke F , 'Age-dependent alterations of monocyte subsets and monocyte-related chemokine pathways in healthy adults ' (2010 ) 11 BMC Immunol : 30 -.

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Herrero C, Marques L, Lloberas J, Celada A: IFN-gammadependent transcription of MHC class II IA is impaired in macrophages from aged mice. J Clin Invest 107, 485–493 (2001)

    Celada A , 'IFN-gammadependent transcription of MHC class II IA is impaired in macrophages from aged mice ' (2001 ) 107 J Clin Invest : 485 -493 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Davila DR, Edwards CK, 3rd, Arkins S, Simon J, Kelley KW: Interferon-gamma-induced priming for secretion of superoxide anion and tumor necrosis factor-alpha declines in macrophages from aged rats. FASEB J 4, 2906–2911 (1990)

    Kelley KW , 'Interferon-gamma-induced priming for secretion of superoxide anion and tumor necrosis factor-alpha declines in macrophages from aged rats ' (1990 ) 4 FASEB J : 2906 -2911 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Yoon P, Keylock KT, Hartman ME, Freund GG, Woods JA: Macrophage hypo-responsiveness to interferon-gamma in aged mice is associated with impaired signaling through Jak-STAT. Mech Ageing Dev 125, 137–143 (2004)

    Woods JA , 'Macrophage hypo-responsiveness to interferon-gamma in aged mice is associated with impaired signaling through Jak-STAT ' (2004 ) 125 Mech Ageing Dev : 137 -143 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Mahbub S, Deburghgraeve CR, Kovacs EJ: Advanced age impairs macrophage polarization. J Interferon Cytokine Res 32, 18–26 (2012)

    Kovacs EJ , 'Advanced age impairs macrophage polarization ' (2012 ) 32 J Interferon Cytokine Res : 18 -26 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Kelly J, Ali Khan A, Yin J, Ferguson TA, Apte RS: Senescence regulates macrophage activation and angiogenic fate at sites of tissue injury in mice. J Clin Invest 117, 3421–3426 (2007)

    Apte RS , 'Senescence regulates macrophage activation and angiogenic fate at sites of tissue injury in mice ' (2007 ) 117 J Clin Invest : 3421 -3426 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Jackaman C, Radley-Crabb HG, Soffe Z, Shavlakadze T, Grounds MD, Nelson DJ: Targeting macrophages rescues age-related immune deficiencies in C57BL/6J geriatric mice. Aging Cell 12, 345–357 (2013)

    Nelson DJ , 'Targeting macrophages rescues age-related immune deficiencies in C57BL/6J geriatric mice ' (2013 ) 12 Aging Cell : 345 -357 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Ogawa T, Kitagawa M, Hirokawa K: Age-related changes of human bone marrow: a histometric estimation of proliferative cells, apoptotic cells, T cells, B cells and macrophages. Mech Ageing Dev 117, 57–68 (2000)

    Hirokawa K , 'Age-related changes of human bone marrow: a histometric estimation of proliferative cells, apoptotic cells, T cells, B cells and macrophages ' (2000 ) 117 Mech Ageing Dev : 57 -68 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Wang CQ, Udupa KB, Xiao H, Lipschitz DA: Effect of age on marrow macrophage number and function. Aging (Milano) 7, 379–384 (1995)

    Lipschitz DA , 'Effect of age on marrow macrophage number and function ' (1995 ) 7 Aging (Milano) : 379 -384 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Albright JW, Albright JF: Ageing alters the competence of the immune system to control parasitic infection. Immunol Lett 40, 279–285 (1994)

    Albright JF , 'Ageing alters the competence of the immune system to control parasitic infection ' (1994 ) 40 Immunol Lett : 279 -285 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Bradley SF, Kauffman CA: Aging and the response to Salmonella infection. Exp Gerontol 25, 75–80 (1990)

    Kauffman CA , 'Aging and the response to Salmonella infection ' (1990 ) 25 Exp Gerontol : 75 -80 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • De La Fuente M: Changes in the macrophage function with aging. Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 81, 935–938 (1985)

    Fuente M , 'Changes in the macrophage function with aging ' (1985 ) 81 Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol : 935 -938 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Mancuso P, McNish RW, Peters-Golden M, Brock TG: Evaluation of phagocytosis and arachidonate metabolism by alveolar macrophages and recruited neutrophils from F344xBN rats of different ages. Mech Ageing Dev 122, 1899–1913 (2001)

    Brock TG , 'Evaluation of phagocytosis and arachidonate metabolism by alveolar macrophages and recruited neutrophils from F344xBN rats of different ages ' (2001 ) 122 Mech Ageing Dev : 1899 -1913 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Aprahamian T, Takemura Y, Goukassian D, Walsh K: Ageing is associated with diminished apoptotic cell clearance in vivo. Clin Exp Immunol 152, 448–455 (2008)

    Walsh K , 'Ageing is associated with diminished apoptotic cell clearance in vivo ' (2008 ) 152 Clin Exp Immunol : 448 -455 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Njie EG, Boelen E, Stassen FR, Steinbusch HW, Borchelt DR, Streit WJ: Ex vivo cultures of microglia from young and aged rodent brain reveal age-related changes in microglial function. Neurobiol Aging 33, 195 e1–12 (2012)

    Streit WJ , 'Ex vivo cultures of microglia from young and aged rodent brain reveal age-related changes in microglial function ' (2012 ) 33 Neurobiol Aging : e1 -12 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Lynch AM, Murphy KJ, Deighan BF, O’Reilly JA, Gun’ko YK, Cowley TR, Gonzalez-Reyes RE, Lynch MA: The impact of glial activation in the aging brain. Aging Dis 1, 262–278 (2010)

    Lynch MA , 'The impact of glial activation in the aging brain ' (2010 ) 1 Aging Dis : 262 -278 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Hearps AC, Martin GE, Angelovich TA, Cheng WJ, Maisa A, Landay AL, Jaworowski A, Crowe SM: Aging is associated with chronic innate immune activation and dysregulation of monocyte phenotype and function. Aging Cell 11, 867–875 (2012)

    Crowe SM , 'Aging is associated with chronic innate immune activation and dysregulation of monocyte phenotype and function ' (2012 ) 11 Aging Cell : 867 -875 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Fietta A, Merlini C, Dos Santos C, Rovida S, Grassi C: Influence of aging on some specific and nonspecific mechanisms of the host defense system in 146 healthy subjects. Gerontology 40, 237–245 (1994)

    Grassi C , 'Influence of aging on some specific and nonspecific mechanisms of the host defense system in 146 healthy subjects ' (1994 ) 40 Gerontology : 237 -245 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Linehan E, Dombrowski Y, Snoddy R, Fallon PG, Kissenpfennig A, Fitzgerald DC: Aging impairs peritoneal but not bone marrow-derived macrophage phagocytosis. Aging Cell 13, 699–708 (2014)

    Fitzgerald DC , 'Aging impairs peritoneal but not bone marrow-derived macrophage phagocytosis ' (2014 ) 13 Aging Cell : 699 -708 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Yuan R, Tsaih SW, Petkova SB, Marin de Evsikova C, Xing S, Marion MA, Bogue MA, Mills KD, Peters LL, Bult CJ, Rosen CJ, Sundberg JP, Harrison DE, Churchill GA, Paigen B: Aging in inbred strains of mice: study design and interim report on median lifespans and circulating IGF1 levels. Aging Cell 8, 277–287 (2009)

    Paigen B , 'Aging in inbred strains of mice: study design and interim report on median lifespans and circulating IGF1 levels ' (2009 ) 8 Aging Cell : 277 -287 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Swift ME, Kleinman HK, DiPietro LA: Impaired wound repair and delayed angiogenesis in aged mice. Lab Invest 79, 1479–1487 (1999)

    DiPietro LA , 'Impaired wound repair and delayed angiogenesis in aged mice ' (1999 ) 79 Lab Invest : 1479 -1487 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Danon D, Kowatch MA, Roth GS: Promotion of wound repair in old mice by local injection of macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86, 2018–2020 (1989)

    Roth GS , 'Promotion of wound repair in old mice by local injection of macrophages ' (1989 ) 86 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A : 2018 -2020 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Swift ME, Burns AL, Gray KL, DiPietro LA: Age-related alterations in the inflammatory response to dermal injury. J Invest Dermatol 117, 1027–1035 (2001)

    DiPietro LA , 'Age-related alterations in the inflammatory response to dermal injury ' (2001 ) 117 J Invest Dermatol : 1027 -1035 .

    • Search Google Scholar

  • Ruckh JM, Zhao JW, Shadrach JL, van Wijngaarden P, Rao TN, Wagers AJ, Franklin RJ: Rejuvenation of regeneration in the aging central nervous system. Cell Stem Cell 10, 96–103 (2012)

    Franklin RJ , 'Rejuvenation of regeneration in the aging central nervous system ' (2012 ) 10 Cell Stem Cell : 96 -103 .

    • Search Google Scholar
  • Collapse
  • Expand
Cover European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
Print ISSN:
2062-509X
Online ISSN:
2062-8633

Senior editors

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dunay, Ildiko Rita, Prof. Dr. Pharm, Dr. rer. nat., University of Magdeburg, Germany

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Heimesaat, Markus M., Prof. Dr. med., Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany

Editorial Board

  • Berit Bangoura, Dr. DVM. PhD,  University of Wyoming, USA
  • Stefan Bereswill, Prof. Dr. rer. nat., Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
  • Dunja Bruder, Prof. Dr. rer. nat., University of Magdeburg, Germany
  • Jan Buer, Prof. Dr. med., University of Duisburg, Germany
  • Edit Buzas, Prof. Dr. med., Semmelweis University, Hungary
  • Renato Damatta, Prof. PhD, UENF, Brazil
  • Maria Deli, MD, PhD, DSc, Biological Research Center, HAS, Hungary
  • Olgica Djurković-Djaković, Prof. Phd, University of Belgrade, Serbia
  • Jean-Dennis Docquier, Prof. Dr. med., University of Siena, Italy
  • Zsuzsanna Fabry, Prof. Phd, University of Washington, USA
  • Ralf Ignatius, Prof. Dr. med., Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
  • Achim Kaasch, Prof. Dr. med., Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
  • Oliver Liesenfeld, Prof. Dr. med., Inflammatix, USA
  • Matyas Sandor, Prof. PhD, University of Wisconsin, USA
  • Ulrich Steinhoff, Prof. PhD, University of Marburg, Germany
  • Michal Toborek, Prof. PhD, University of Miami, USA
  • Susanne A. Wolf, PhD, MDC-Berlin, Germany

 

Dr. Dunay, Ildiko Rita
Magdeburg, Germany
E-mail: ildiko.dunay@med.ovgu.de

Indexing and Abstracting Services:

  • PubMed Central
  • Scopus
  • ESCI
  • CABI
  • CABELLS Journalytics

 

2023  
Web of Science  
Total Cites
WoS		 674
Journal Impact Factor 3.3
Rank by Impact Factor

Q2
Impact Factor
without
Journal Self Cites		 3.1
5 Year
Impact Factor		 3.2
Scimago  
Scimago
H-index		 15
Scimago
Journal Rank		 0.601
Scimago Quartile Score Microbiology (medical) (Q2)
Microbiology (Q3)
Immunology and Allergy (Q3)
Immunology (Q3)
Scopus  
Scopus
Cite Score		 5.0
Scopus
CIte Score Rank		 Microbiology (medical) Q2
Scopus
SNIP		 0.832

 

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
Publication Model Gold Open Access
Online only
Submission Fee none
Article Processing Charge 600 EUR/article
Effective from 1st Feb 2025:
900 EUR/article
Regional discounts on country of the funding agency World Bank Lower-middle-income economies: 50%
World Bank Low-income economies: 100%
Further Discounts Editorial Board / Advisory Board members: 50%
Corresponding authors, affiliated to an EISZ member institution subscribing to the journal package of Akadémiai Kiadó: 100%
Subscription Information Gold Open Access
Purchase per Title  

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation		 2011
Volumes
per Year		 1
Issues
per Year		 4
Founder Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible
Publisher		 Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 2062-509X (Print)
ISSN 2062-8633 (Online)

Monthly Content Usage

Abstract Views Full Text Views PDF Downloads
Jun 2024 0 54 24
Jul 2024 0 90 35
Aug 2024 0 95 40
Sep 2024 0 84 45
Oct 2024 0 181 45
Nov 2024 0 193 62
Dec 2024 0 19 5