European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 2
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection and Depression: A Case—Control Seroprevalence Study
Authors:
Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Dgo, Mexico

Search for other papers by Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Luis Francisco Sánchez-Anguiano Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico

Search for other papers by Luis Francisco Sánchez-Anguiano in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Jesús Hernández-Tinoco Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico

Search for other papers by Jesús Hernández-Tinoco in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Luis Omar Berumen-Segovia Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Dgo, Mexico

Search for other papers by Luis Omar Berumen-Segovia in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Yazmin Elizabeth Torres-Prieto Juárez University of Durango State, Cuauhtémoc 223 norte, 34000 Durango, Mexico

Search for other papers by Yazmin Elizabeth Torres-Prieto in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Sergio Estrada-Martínez Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico

Search for other papers by Sergio Estrada-Martínez in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Alma Rosa Pérez-Álamos Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico

Search for other papers by Alma Rosa Pérez-Álamos in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
María Nalleli Ortiz-Jurado Servicios de Salud de Durango, Durango, Mexico

Search for other papers by María Nalleli Ortiz-Jurado in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Gabriel Molotla-de-León Servicios de Salud de Durango, Durango, Mexico

Search for other papers by Gabriel Molotla-de-León in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Isabel Beristain-García Juárez University of Durango State, Cuauhtémoc 223 norte, 34000 Durango, Mexico

Search for other papers by Isabel Beristain-García in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
,
Elizabeth Rábago-Sánchez Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Dgo, Mexico
Secretary of Health, Avenida 5 de febrero 220, 34000 Durango, Mexico

Search for other papers by Elizabeth Rábago-Sánchez in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
, and
Oliver Liesenfeld Charité Medical School, Hindenburgdamm 27, D-12203 Berlin,, Germany
Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA

Search for other papers by Oliver Liesenfeld in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
Pages:
85–89
Online Publication Date:
Jun 2016
Publication Date:
01 Jun 2016
Article Category:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2016.00010
Keywords:
Toxoplasma gondii ; seroprevalence; depression; psychiatric patients; case—control study
Open access

We assessed the association of Toxoplasma gondii infection and depression in a sample of psychiatric patients and control subjects without depression. We performed an age- and gender-matched case—control study of 89 patients suffering from depression attended in a public psychiatric hospital in Durango City, Mexico and 356 control subjects without depression from the general population of the same city. Participants were tested for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies using enzymelinked immunoassays. Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 11 (12.4%) of the 89 cases and in 22 (6.2%) of the 356 controls (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.00–4.59; P = 0.04). Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in four (19%) of 21 anti-T. gondii IgG seropositive controls but not in 11 anti-T. gondii IgG seropositive cases (P = 0.27). Patients aged 30 years old and younger had a significantly higher seroprevalence of T. gondii infection than controls of the same age group (P = 0.001). Results of the present study suggest a potential association between T. gondii infection and depression. Furthers studies to confirm our results and to determine the epidemiology of T. gondii in young depressed patients should be conducted.

  • 1.

    Dubey JP : History of the discovery of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Parasitol 39, 877–882 (2009)

  • 2.

    Montoya JG , Liesenfeld O: Toxoplasmosis. Lancet 363, 1965–1976 (2004)

  • 3.

    Guo M , Dubey JP, Hill D, Buchanan RL, Gamble HR, Jones JL, Pradhan AK: Prevalence and risk factors for Toxo plasma gondii infection in meat animals and meat products destined for human consumption. J Food Prot 78, 457–476 (2015)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 4.

    Kravetz J : Congenital toxoplasmosis. BMJ Clin Evid 2013, 0906 (2013)

  • 5.

    Maenz M , Schlüter D, Liesenfeld O, Schares G, Gross U, Pleyer U: Ocular toxoplasmosis past, present and new aspects of an old disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 39, 77–106 (2014)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 6.

    Tack DM , Holman RC, Folkema AM, Mehal JM, Blanton JD, Sejvar JJ: Trends in encephalitis-associated deaths in the United States, 1999–2008. Neuroepidemiology 43, 1–8 (2014)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 7.

    Alvarado-Esquivel C , Alanis-Quiñones OP, Arreola-Valen zuela MA, Rodríguez-Briones A, Piedra-Nevarez LJ, Duran-Morales E, Estrada-Martínez S, Martínez-García SA, Liesenfeld O: Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in psychiatric inpatients in a northern Mexican city. BMC Infect Dis 6, 178 (2006)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 8.

    Cong W , Dong W, Bai L, Wang XY, Ni XT, Qian AD, Zhu XQ: Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in psychiatric patients: a case–control study in eastern China. Epidemiol Infect 143, 3103–3109 (2015)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 9.

    Sutterland AL , Fond G, Kuin A, Koeter MW, Lutter R, van Gool T, Yolken R, Szoke A, Leboyer M, de Haan L: Beyond the association. Toxoplasma gondii in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and addiction: systematic review and metaanalysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 132, 161–179 (2015)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 10.

    Alvarado-Esquivel C , Urbina-Álvarez JD, Estrada-Martínez S, Torres-Castorena A, Molotla-de-León G, Liesenfeld O, Dubey JP: Toxoplasma gondii infection and schizophrenia: a case control study in a low Toxoplasma se ro prevalence Mexican population. Parasitol Int 60, 151–155 (2011)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 11.

    Groër MW , Yolken RH, Xiao JC, Beckstead JW, Fuchs D, Mohapatra SS, Seyfang A, Postolache TT: Prenatal depres sion and anxiety in Toxoplasma gondii-positive women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 204, 433 (2011)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 12.

    Gajewski PD , Falkenstein M, Hengstler JG, Golka K: Toxoplasma gondii impairs memory in infected seniors. Brain Behav Immun 36, 193–199 (2014)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 13.

    Alvarado-Esquivel C , Liesenfeld O, Márquez-Conde JA, Estrada-Martínez S, Dubey JP: Seroepidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in workers occupationally exposed to water, sewage, and soil in Durango, Mexico. J Parasitol 96, 847–850 (2010)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 14.

    Alvarado-Esquivel C , Campillo-Ruiz F, Liesenfeld O: Seroepidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in migrant agricultural workers living in poverty in Durango, Mexico. Parasit Vectors 6, 113 (2013)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 15.

    Delgado García G , Rodríguez Perdomo E: Reactivity of toxoplasmin intradermal test in neurotic and manic-depressive patients. Rev Cubana Med Trop 32, 35–39 (1980)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 16.

    Kar N , Misra B: Toxoplasma seropositivity and depression: a case report. BMC Psychiatry 4, 1 (2004)

  • 17.

    Pearce BD , Kruszon-Moran D, Jones JL: The relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection and mood disorders in the third National Health and Nutrition Survey. Biol Psychiatry 72, 290–295 (2012)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 18.

    Arling TA , Yolken RH, Lapidus M, Langenberg P, Dickerson FB, Zimmerman SA, Balis T, Cabassa JA, Scrandis DA, Tonelli LH, Postolache TT: Toxoplasma gondii antibody titers and history of suicide attempts in patients with recurrent mood disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 197, 905–908 (2009)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 19.

    Alvarado-Esquivel C , Estrada-Martínez S, Pizarro-Villalobos H, Arce-Quiñones M, Liesenfeld O, Dubey JP: Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in general population in a northern Mexican city. J Parasitol 97, 40–43 (2011)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 20.

    Duffy AR , Beckie TM, Brenner LA, Beckstead JW, Seyfang A, Postolache TT, Groer MW: Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii and mood disturbance in women veterans. Mil Med 180, 621–625 (2015)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 21.

    Groër MW , Yolken RH, Xiao JC, Beckstead JW, Fuchs D, Mohapatra SS, Seyfang A, Postolache TT: Prenatal depression and anxiety in Toxoplasma gondii-positive women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 204, 433 (2011)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 22.

    Fond G , Boyer L, Gaman A, Laouamri H, Attiba D, Richard JR, Delavest M, Houenou J, Le Corvoisier P, Charron D, Krishnamoorthy R, Oliveira J, Tamouza R, Yolken R, Dickerson F, Leboyer M, Hamdani N: Treatment with antitoxoplasmic activity (TATA) for toxoplasma positive patients with bipolar disorders or schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study. J Psychiatr Res 63, 58–64 (2015)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 23.

    Alvarado-Esquivel C , Pacheco-Vega SJ, Hernández-Tinoco J, Saldaña-Simental DE, Sánchez-Anguiano LF, Salcedo-Jáquez M, Ramos-Nevárez A, Liesenfeld O, Márquez-Conde JÁ, Cerrillo-Soto SM, Martínez-Ramírez L, Guido-Arreola CA: Lack ofassociation between Toxoplasma gondii infection and occupational exposure to animals. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 4, 184–192 (2014)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 24.

    Alvarado-Esquivel C , Estrada-Martínez S, Liesenfeld O: Toxoplasma gondii infection in workers occupationally exposed to unwashed raw fruits and vegetables: a case control seroprevalence study. Parasit Vectors 4, 235 (2011)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 25.

    Alvarado-Esquivel C , Liesenfeld O, Estrada-Martínez S, Félix-Huerta J: Toxoplasma gondii infection in workers occupationally exposed to raw meat. Occup Med (Lond) 61, 265–269 (2011)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 26.

    Fond G , Capdevielle D, Macgregor A, Attal J, Larue A, Brittner M, Ducasse D, Boulenger JP: Toxoplasma gondii: a potential role in the genesis of psychiatric disorders. Encephale 39, 38–43 (2013)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 27.

    Henriquez SA , Brett R, Alexander J, Pratt J, Roberts CW: Neuropsychiatric disease and Toxoplasma gondii infection. Neuroimmunomodulation 16, 122–133 (2009)

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Collapse
  • Expand
Cover European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
Print ISSN:
2062-509X
Online ISSN:
2062-8633

Senior editors

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dunay, Ildiko Rita, Prof. Dr. Pharm, Dr. rer. nat., University of Magdeburg, Germany

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Heimesaat, Markus M., Prof. Dr. med., Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany

Editorial Board

  • Berit Bangoura, Dr. DVM. PhD,  University of Wyoming, USA
  • Stefan Bereswill, Prof. Dr. rer. nat., Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
  • Dunja Bruder, Prof. Dr. rer. nat., University of Magdeburg, Germany
  • Jan Buer, Prof. Dr. med., University of Duisburg, Germany
  • Edit Buzas, Prof. Dr. med., Semmelweis University, Hungary
  • Renato Damatta, Prof. PhD, UENF, Brazil
  • Maria Deli, MD, PhD, DSc, Biological Research Center, HAS, Hungary
  • Olgica Djurković-Djaković, Prof. Phd, University of Belgrade, Serbia
  • Jean-Dennis Docquier, Prof. Dr. med., University of Siena, Italy
  • Zsuzsanna Fabry, Prof. Phd, University of Washington, USA
  • Ralf Ignatius, Prof. Dr. med., Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
  • Achim Kaasch, Prof. Dr. med., Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
  • Oliver Liesenfeld, Prof. Dr. med., Inflammatix, USA
  • Matyas Sandor, Prof. PhD, University of Wisconsin, USA
  • Ulrich Steinhoff, Prof. PhD, University of Marburg, Germany
  • Michal Toborek, Prof. PhD, University of Miami, USA
  • Susanne A. Wolf, PhD, MDC-Berlin, Germany

 

Dr. Dunay, Ildiko Rita
Magdeburg, Germany
E-mail: ildiko.dunay@med.ovgu.de

Indexing and Abstracting Services:

  • PubMed Central
  • Scopus
  • ESCI
  • CABI
  • CABELLS Journalytics

 

2023  
Web of Science  
Total Cites
WoS		 674
Journal Impact Factor 3.3
Rank by Impact Factor

Q2
Impact Factor
without
Journal Self Cites		 3.1
5 Year
Impact Factor		 3.2
Scimago  
Scimago
H-index		 15
Scimago
Journal Rank		 0.601
Scimago Quartile Score Microbiology (medical) (Q2)
Microbiology (Q3)
Immunology and Allergy (Q3)
Immunology (Q3)
Scopus  
Scopus
Cite Score		 5.0
Scopus
CIte Score Rank		 Microbiology (medical) Q2
Scopus
SNIP		 0.832

 

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
Publication Model Gold Open Access
Online only
Submission Fee none
Article Processing Charge 600 EUR/article
Effective from 1st Feb 2025:
900 EUR/article
Regional discounts on country of the funding agency World Bank Lower-middle-income economies: 50%
World Bank Low-income economies: 100%
Further Discounts Editorial Board / Advisory Board members: 50%
Corresponding authors, affiliated to an EISZ member institution subscribing to the journal package of Akadémiai Kiadó: 100%
Subscription Information Gold Open Access
Purchase per Title  

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation		 2011
Volumes
per Year		 1
Issues
per Year		 4
Founder Akadémiai Kiadó
Founder's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible
Publisher		 Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 2062-509X (Print)
ISSN 2062-8633 (Online)

Monthly Content Usage

Abstract Views Full Text Views PDF Downloads
Jun 2024 0 34 12
Jul 2024 0 21 7
Aug 2024 0 37 11
Sep 2024 0 22 3
Oct 2024 0 163 5
Nov 2024 0 73 11
Dec 2024 0 16 3