Authors:
Daria J. Kuss International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

Search for other papers by Daria J. Kuss in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
and
Mark D. Griffiths International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

Search for other papers by Mark D. Griffiths in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Open access

Abstract

Background and aims: Research suggests that excessive online gaming may lead to symptoms commonly experienced by substance addicts. Since games are particularly appealing to children and adolescents, these individuals may be more at risk than other groups of developing gaming addiction. Methods: Given these potential concerns, a literature review was undertaken in order (i) to present the classification basis of online gaming addiction using official mental disorder frameworks, (ii) to identify empirical studies that assess online gaming addiction in children and adolescents, and (iii) to present and evaluate the findings against the background of related and established mental disorder criteria. Results: Empirical evidence comprising 30 studies indicates that for some adolescents, gaming addiction exists and that as the addiction develops, online gaming addicts spend increasing amounts of time preparing for, organizing, and actually gaming. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that problematic online gaming can be conceptualized as a behavioral addiction rather than a disorder of impulse control.

  • S. E. Allison L. von Wahlde T. Shockley G. O. Gabbard 2006 The development of the self in the era of the Internet and role-playing fantasy games American Journal of Psychiatry 163 3 381 385.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • C. A. Anderson K. E. Dill 2000 Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78 772 790.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • C. A. Anderson D. A. Gentile K. Buckley 2007 Violent Video Game Effects on Children and Adolescents: Theory, Research, and Public Policy Oxford University Press New York.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • APA 2000 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders — Text Revision (Vol. IV) American Psychiatric Association Washington, D.C..

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • APA (2007). American Psychiatric Association considers ‘Video Game Addiction’. Science Daily. Retrieved March 8, 2011, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/06/070625133354.htm.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • L. Armstrong J. G. Phillips L. L. Saling 2000 Potential determinants of heavier internet usage International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 53 4 537 550.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. Batthyány K. W. Müller F. Benker K. Wölfling 2009 Computer game playing: Clinical characteristics of dependence and abuse among adolescents Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 121 15–16 502 509.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. Batthyány A. Pritz 2009 Rausch ohne Drogen. Substanzungebundene Süchte Springer Wien.

  • R. F. Baumeister 1991 Escaping the Self: Alcoholism, Spirituality, Masochism, and Other Flights from the Burden of Selfhood Harper Collins New York, NY.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • S. Bear E. Bogusz D. A. Green 2011 Stuck on screens: Patterns of computer and gaming station use in youth seen in a psychiatric clinic Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 20 2 86 95.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • A. Bechara 2003 Risky business: Emotion, decision-making and addiction Journal of Gambling Studies 19 23 51.

  • M. E. Beutel C. Hoch K. Wölfling K. W. Müller 2011 Klinische Merkmale der Computerspiel- und Internetsucht am Beispiel der Inanspruchnehmer einer Spielsuchtambulanz Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie 57 77 90.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • B. Birmaher S. Khetarpal D. Brent M. Cully L. Balach J. Kaufman S. M. Neer 1997 The Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36 4 545 553.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • C. Blanco P. Moreyra E. V. Nunes J. Saiz-Ruiz A. Ibanez 2001 Pathological gambling: Addiction or compulsion? Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry 6 167 176.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • J. J. Block 2008 Issues for DSM-V: Internet addiction American Journal of Psychiatry 165 3 306 307.

  • K. Blum R. Wood P. Sheridan T. Chen D. Commings 1995 Dopamine D2 receptor gene variants: Association and linkage studies in impulsive, addictive and compulsive disorders Pharmacogenetics 5 121 141.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • R. I. F. Brown 1991 Gaming, gambling and other addictive play J. H. Kerr M. J. Apter Adult Play: A Reversal Theory Approach Swets and Zeitlinger Amsterdam 101 118.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • R. I. F. Brown 1993 Some contributions of the study of gambling to the study of other addictions W. R. Eadington J. A. Cornelius Gambling Behavior and Problem Gambling University of Nevada Reno 241 272.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. D. Buchman J. B. Funk 1996 Video and computer games in the 90s: Children's time commitment and game preference Children Today 24 12 15.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. Buhrmester W. Furman M. T. Wittenberg H. T. Reis 1988 Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55 991 1008.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • A. H. Buss M. Perry 1992 The Aggression Questionnaire Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63 452 459.

  • R. Caillois 1961 Man, Play and Games Simon and Schuster Paris.

  • S. E. Caplan 2002 Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being: Development of a theory-based cognitive-behavioral measurement instrument Computers in Human Behavior 18 5 553 575.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • M. Castells 1996 The Rise of the Network Society Blackwell Oxford.

  • P. A. Chan T. Rabinowitz 2006 A cross-sectional analysis of video games and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adolescents Annals of General Psychiatry 5 1 16 26.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • J. P. Charlton 2002 A factor-analytic investigation of computer ‘addiction’ and engagement British Journal of Psychology 93 329 344.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • J. P. Charlton I. D. W. Danforth 2007 Distinguishing addiction and high engagement in the context of online game playing Computers in Human Behavior 23 3 1531 1548.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • S. H. Chen L. C. Weng Y. J. Su H. M. Wu P. F. Yang 2003 Development of Chinese Internet Addiction Scale and its psychometric study Chinese Journal of Psychology 45 279 294.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • S. I. Chiu J. Z. Lee D. H. Huang 2004 Video game addiction in children and teenagers in Taiwan CyberPsychology and Behavior 7 5 571 581.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. Choi H. Kim J. Kim 2000 A cognitive and emotional strategy for computer game design Journal of MIS Research 10 165 187.

  • D. S. Choi J. Kim 2004 Why people continue to play online games: In search of critical design factors to increase customer loyalty to online contents Cyberpsychology and Behavior 7 1 11 24.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • H. Choo D. A. Gentile T. Sim D. Li A. Khoo A. K. Liau 2010 Pathological video-gaming among Singaporean youth Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore 39 822 829.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • C. Chou M. C. Hsiao 2000 Internet addiction, usage, and gratifications: The Taiwan college students’ case Computers and Education 35 65 80.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • P. Clymo 1996 Home video game playing in schoolchildren: A study of incidence and patterns of play Youth Studies Australia 15 59.

  • C. K. Conners G. Sitarenios J. D. Parker J. N. Epstein 1998 The revised Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPR-R): Factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 26 4 257 268.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • K. M. Connor J. R. T. Davidson L. E. Churchill A. Sherwood R. H. Weisler 2000 Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): New self-rating scale The British Journal of Psychiatry 176 4 379 386.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • N. R. Crick 1995 Relational aggression: The role of intent attributions, feelings of distress, and provocation type Development and Psychopathology 7 2 313 322.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. S. Crystal C. S. Chen A. J. Fuligni H. W. Stevenson C. C. Hsu H. J. Ko S. Kimura 1994 Psychological maladjustment and academic achievement — A cross-cultural study of Japanese, Chinese, and American high-school students Child Development 65 3 738 753.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • M. Csikszentmihalyi 1990 Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience HarperCollins New York.

  • A. Cultrara G. Har-El 2002 Hyperactivity-induced suprahyoid muscular hypertrophy secondary to excessive video game play: A case report Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 60 3 326 327.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • R. Custer 1987 The diagnosis and scope of pathological gambling T. Galski The Handbook of Pathological Gambling Thomas Springfield 3 7.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • I. D. W. Danforth 2003 Addiction to Online Games: Classification and Personality Correlates Whitman College. Washington.

  • E. Diener R. A. Emmons R. J. Larsen S. Griffin 1985 The Satisfaction with Life Scale Journal of Personality Assessment 49 71 75.

  • H. Dittmar 2005 Compulsive buying a growing concern? An examination of gender, age, and endorsement of materialistic values as predictors British Journal of Psychology 96 467 491.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dongdong, L., Liau, A. & Khoo, A. (2011). Examining the influence of actual-ideal self-discrepancies, depression, and escapism, on pathological gaming among massively multiplayer online adolescent gamers. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, in press. doi: .

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Y. S. Du W. Q. Jiang A. Vance 2010 Longer term effect of randomized, controlled group cognitive behavioural therapy for Internet addiction in adolescent students in Shanghai Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 44 2 129 134.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • R. C. M. E. Engels C. Finkenauer W. Meeus M. Dekovic 2001 Parental attachment and adolescents’ emotional adjustment: The associations with social skills and relational competence Journal of Counseling Psychology 48 428 439.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • ESA (2010). Essential facts about the computer and video game industry. Retrieved April 21, 2011, from http://www.theesa.com/facts/pdfs/ESA_Essential_Facts_2010.PDF.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • E. Farrell 1990 Hanging in and Dropping out: Voices of At-risk High School Students Teachers College Press New York.

  • M. B. First M. Gibbon R. L. Spitzer J. B. W. Williams 1996 Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders: Clinician Version (SCID-CV): Administration booklet American Psychiatric Press Washington, D. C..

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • S. Fisher 1994 Identifying video game addiction in children and adolescents Addictive Behaviors 19 545 553.

  • J. Funk C. Fox M. Chan K. Curtiss 2008 The development of the Children's Empathic Attitudes Questionnaire using classical and Rasch analyses Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 29 3 187 196.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. A. Gentile 2009 Pathological video-game use among youth ages 8 to 18: A national study Psychological Science 20 5 594 602.

  • D. A. Gentile H. Choo A. Liau T. Sim D. D. Li D. Fung A. Khoo 2011 Pathological video game use among youths: A two-year longitudinal study Pediatrics 127 2 E319 E329.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. A. Gentile P. J. Lynch J. R. Linder D. A. Walsh 2004 The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviours, and school performance Journal of Adolescence 27 1 5 22.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • R. Goodman T. Ford H. Simmons R. Gatward H. Meltzer 2000 Using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample British Journal of Psychiatry 177 534 539.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • M. Gossop S. Darke P. Griffiths J. Hando B. Powis W. Hall J. Strang 1995 The Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS): Psychometric properties of the SDS in English and Australian samples of heroin, cocaine and amphetamine users Addiction 90 607 614.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • M. Griffiths 2005 Relationship between gambling and videogame playing: A response to Johansson and Götestam Psychological Reports 96 644 664.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • M. D. Griffiths 2002 Gambling and Gaming Addictions in Adolescence BPS Blackwell Oxford.

  • M. D. Griffiths A. Meredith 2009 Videogame addiction and its treatment Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 39 4 247 253.

  • S. M. Grüsser C. N. Thalemann 2006 Verhaltenssucht — Diagnostik, Therapie, Forschung Hans Huber Bern.

  • S. M. Grüsser R. Thalemann U. Albrecht C. N. Thalemann 2005 Exzessive Computernutzung im Kindesalter — Ergebnisse einer psychometrischen Erhebung Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 117 5–6 188 195.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • A. Hahn M. Jerusalem 2001 Internetsucht: Validierung eines Instruments und explorative Hinweise auf personale Bedingungen A. Theobald M. Dreyer T. Starsetzki Handbuch zur Online-Marktforschung. Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis Gabler Wiesbaden 213 233 (Internet addiction: Validation of an instrument and explorative evidence on personal causes.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. H. Han J. W. Hwang P. F. Renshaw 2010 Bupropion sustained release treatment decreases craving for video games and cue-induced brain activity in patients with Internet video game addiction Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 18 4 297 304.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. H. Han Y. S. Lee C. Na J. Y. Ahn U. S. Chung M. A. Daniels C. A. Haws P. F. Renshaw 2009 The effect of methylphenidate on Internet video game play in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Comprehensive Psychiatry 50 3 251 256.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. H. Han Y. S. Lee K. C. Yang E. Y. Kim I. K. Lyoo P. F. Renshaw 2007 Dopamine genes and reward dependence in adolescents with excessive internet video game play Journal of Addiction Medicine 1 3 133 138.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • J. D. Hawkins J. J. Fitzgibbon 1993 Risk factors and risk behaviors in prevention of adolescent substance abuse Adolescent Medicine State of the Art Reviews: Adolescent Substance Abuse and Addictions 4 249 262.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • F. Hoeft C. L. Watson S. R. Kesler K. E. Bettinger A. L. Reiss 2008 Gender differences in the mesocorticolimbic system during computer game-play Journal of Psychiatric Research 42 4 253 258.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. R. Hoge J. D. McCarthy 1983 Issues of validity and reliability in the use of real-ideal discrepancy scores to measure self-regard Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44 1048 1055.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • C. Holden 2001 Compulsive behaviors: “Behavioral” addictions: Do they exist? Science 294 5544 980 982.

  • S. H. Hsu M. H. Wen M. C. Wu 2009 Exploring user experiences as predictors of MMORPG addiction Computers and Education 53 2 990 999.

  • L. R. Huesmann L. D. Eron 1986 Television and the Aggressive Child: A Cross-national Comparison Erlbaum Hillsdale, NJ.

  • L. R. Huesmann N. G. Guerra 1997 Children's normative beliefs about aggression and aggressive behavior Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72 2 408 419.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • H. M. Inderbitzen S. L. Foster 1992 The teenage inventory of social skills: Development, reliability, and validity Psychological Assessment 4 451 459.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • E. M. Jellinek 1946 Phases in the drinking history of alcoholics: Analysis of a survey conducted by the official organ of the Alcoholics Anonymous Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 7 1 88.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • A. Johansson K. G. Götestam 2004 Problems with computer games without monetary reward: Similarity to pathological gambling Psychological Reports 95 2 641 650.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Johnson, S. (2011). NPD Group: Total 2010 game software sales flat compared to 2009. Retrieved from http://www.g4tv.com/thefeed/blog/post/709764/npd-group-total-2010-gamesoftware-sales-flat-compared-to-2009/.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. B. Kandel M. Davies 1986 Adult sequelae of adolescent depressive symptoms Archives of General Psychiatry 43 255 262.

  • D. B. Kandel M. N. O. Davies 1982 Epidemiology of depressive mood in adolescents: An empirical study Archives of General Psychiatry 39 1205 1212.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • U. Kemper 2008 Annäherung an den Suchtbegriff Neuland Geesthacht.

  • K. Kim E. Ryu M. Y. Chon E. J. Yeun S. Y. Choi J. S. Seo B. W. Nam 2006 Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: A questionnaire survey International Journal of Nursing Studies 43 2 185 192.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • M. G. Kim J. Kim 2010 Cross-validation of reliability, convergent and discriminant validity for the problematic online game use scale Computers in Human Behavior 26 3 389 398.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • S. W. Kim I. S. Shin J. M. Kim S. J. Yang H. Y. Shin J. S. Yoon 2006 Association between attitude toward medication and neurocognitive function in schizophrenia Clinical Neuropharmacology 29 197 205.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. King P. Delfabbro M. Griffiths 2010 The convergence of gambling and digital media: Implications for gambling in young people Journal of Gambling Studies 26 175 187.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. L. King P. Delfabbro 2009 Understanding and assisting excessive players of video games: A community psychology perspective The Australian Community Psychologist 21 1 62 74.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • C. H. Ko G. C. Liu S. M. Hsiao J. Y. Yen M. J. Yang W. C. Lin C. S. Chen 2009 Brain activities associated with gaming urge of online gaming addiction Journal of Psychiatric Research 43 7 739 747.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • C. H. Ko J. Y. Yen C. C. Chen S. H. Chen C. F. Yen 2005 Gender differences and related factors affecting online gaming addiction among Taiwanese adolescents Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 193 4 273 277.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • C. H. Ko J. Y. Yen C. C. Chen S. H. Chen C. F. Yen 2005 Proposed diagnostic criteria of Internet addiction for adolescents Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 193 11 728 733.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Korean Institute of Criminal Justice Policy 1998 Parental Supervision Scale Korean Institute of Criminal Justice Policy Seoul, South Korea.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kuss, D. J. & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Internet gaming addiction: A systematic review of empirical research. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, in press. doi: .

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. J. Kuss M. D. Griffiths 2012 Internet gambling behavior Encyclopedia of Cyber Behavior IGI Global Pennsylvania.

  • J.-H. Kwon C.-S. Chung J. Lee 2011 The effects of escape from self and interpersonal relationship on the pathological use of Internet games Community Mental Health Journal 47 1 113 121.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • A. M. La Greca W. L. Stone 1993 Social anxiety scale for children-revised: Factor structure and concurrent validity Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 22 17 27.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • E. Y. Lee 1991 Self-discrepancy mechanism in co-existence of depression and anxiety Korea University. Seoul, South Korea.

  • H. C. Lee C. Y. Ahn 2002 Development of the Internet game addiction diagnostic scale The Korean Journal of Health Psychology 7 211 239.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • J. C. Lee 1981 Comprehensive diagnosis and resaerch on adolescent problems Korean Educational Development Institute Seoul, South Korea.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • S. Lee A. Mysyk 2004 The medicalization of compulsive buying Social Science and Medicine 58 1709 1718.

  • J. S. Lemmens P. M. Valkenburg J. Peter 2009 Development and validation of a game addiction scale for adolescents Media Psychology 12 1 77 95.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • J. S. Lemmens P. M. Valkenburg J. Peter 2011 The effects of pathological gaming on aggressive behavior Journal of Youth and Adolescence 40 1 38 47.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • J. S. Lemmens P. M. Valkenburg J. Peter 2011 Psychosocial causes and consequences of pathological gaming Computers in Human Behavior 27 1 144 152.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • A. K. Liau D. Chow T. K. Tan K. Senf 2011 Development and validation of the Personal Strengths Inventory using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 29 1 14 26.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lin, S. S. J. & Tsai, C.-C. (1999). Internet addiction among high schoolers in Taiwan. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Annual Meeting, Boston.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • J. R. Linder N. R. Crick W. A. Collins 2002 Relational aggression and victimization in young adults’ romantic relationships: Associations with perceptions of parent, peer, and romantic relationship quality Social Development 11 1 69 86.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • G. J. Meerkerk R. Van Den Eijnden A. A. Vermulst H. F. L. Garretsen 2009 The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS): Some psychometric properties CyberPsychology and Behavior 12 1 1 6.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • M. Mehroof M. D. Griffiths 2010 Online gaming addiction: The role of sensation seeking, self-control, neuroticism, aggression, state anxiety, and trait anxiety CyberPsychology and Behavior 13 3 313 316.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • H. Nadel M. Spellmann T. Alvarez-Canino L. L. Lausell-Bryant G. Landsberg 1996 The cycle of violence and victimization: A study of the school-based intervention of a multidisciplinary youth violence-prevention program American Journal of Preventive Medicine 12 5 109 119.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • B. D. Ng P. Wiemer-Hastings 2005 Addiction to the Internet and online gaming CyberPsychology and Behavior 8 2 110 113.

  • O'Brien, C. (2008). Report of the DSM-5 Substance-Related Disorders Work Group. American Psychiatric Association DSM-5.

  • Korean Institute of Criminal Justice Policy 1998 Parental Supervision Scale Korean Institute of Criminal Justice Policy Seoul, South Korea.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kuss, D. J. & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Internet gaming addiction: A systematic review of empirical research. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, in press. doi: .

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • D. J. Kuss M. D. Griffiths 2012 Internet gambling behavior Encyclopedia of Cyber Behavior IGI Global Pennsylvania.

  • J.-H. Kwon C.-S. Chung J. Lee 2011 The effects of escape from self and interpersonal relationship on the pathological use of Internet games Community Mental Health Journal 47 1 113 121.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • A. M. La Greca W. L. Stone 1993 Social anxiety scale for children-revised: Factor structure and concurrent validity Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 22 17 27.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • E. Y. Lee 1991 Self-discrepancy mechanism in co-existence of depression and anxiety Korea University. Seoul, South Korea.

  • H. C. Lee C. Y. Ahn 2002 Development of the Internet game addiction diagnostic scale The Korean Journal of Health Psychology 7 211 239.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • J. C. Lee 1981 Comprehensive diagnosis and resaerch on adolescent problems Korean Educational Development Institute Seoul, South Korea.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • S. Lee A. Mysyk 2004 The medicalization of compulsive buying Social Science and Medicine 58 1709 1718.

  • J. S. Lemmens P. M. Valkenburg J. Peter 2009 Development and validation of a game addiction scale for adolescents Media Psychology 12 1 77 95.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • J. S. Lemmens P. M. Valkenburg J. Peter 2011 The effects of pathological gaming on aggressive behavior Journal of Youth and Adolescence 40 1 38 47.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • J. S. Lemmens P. M. Valkenburg J. Peter 2011 Psychosocial causes and consequences of pathological gaming Computers in Human Behavior 27 1 144 152.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • A. K. Liau D. Chow T. K. Tan K. Senf 2011 Development and validation of the Personal Strengths Inventory using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 29 1 14 26.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lin, S. S. J. & Tsai, C.-C. (1999). Internet addiction among high schoolers in Taiwan. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Annual Meeting, Boston.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • J. R. Linder N. R. Crick W. A. Collins 2002 Relational aggression and victimization in young adults’ romantic relationships: Associations with perceptions of parent, peer, and romantic relationship quality Social Development 11 1 69 86.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • G. J. Meerkerk R. Van Den Eijnden A. A. Vermulst H. F. L. Garretsen 2009 The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS): Some psychometric properties CyberPsychology and Behavior 12 1 1 6.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • M. Mehroof M. D. Griffiths 2010 Online gaming addiction: The role of sensation seeking, self-control, neuroticism, aggression, state anxiety, and trait anxiety CyberPsychology and Behavior 13 3 313 316.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • H. Nadel M. Spellmann T. Alvarez-Canino L. L. Lausell-Bryant G. Landsberg 1996 The cycle of violence and victimization: A study of the school-based intervention of a multidisciplinary youth violence-prevention program American Journal of Preventive Medicine 12 5 109 119.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • B. D. Ng P. Wiemer-Hastings 2005 Addiction to the Internet and online gaming CyberPsychology and Behavior 8 2 110 113.

  • O'Brien, C. (2008). Report of the DSM-5 Substance-Related Disorders Work Group. American Psychiatric Association DSM-5.

  • R. K. Silbereisen P. Kastner 1998 Jugend und Problemverhalten. Entwicklungspsychologische Perspektiven R. Oerter L. Montada Entwicklungspsychologie. Ein Lehrbuch Psychologie Verlags Union München.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • M. M. Skoric L. L. C. Teo R. L. Neo 2009 Children and video games: Addiction, engagement, and scholastic achievement CyberPsychology and Behavior 12 5 567 572.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Y. K. So J. N. Noh Y. S. Kim S. G. Ko Y. J. Koh 2002 The reliability and validity of Korean parent and teacher ADHD rating scale Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 41 283 289.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • A. Springer 2009 Sollen “stoffungebundene Süchte” als eigenständige Krankheitskategorie gelten? D. Batthyány A. Pritz Rausch ohne Drogen Springer New York, NY 19 44.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • B. T. te Wildt 2009 Internetabhängigkeit — Symptomatik, Diagnostik und Therapie D. Batthyány A. Pritz Rausch ohne Drogen. Substanzungebundene Süchte Springer New York, NY.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • C. Thalemann 2009 Pathologische Computernutzung bei Schülern verschiedener Schultypen der 8. und 10. Klassenstufe Medizinische Fakultät Charité Berlin.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • R. Thalemann U. Albrecht C. Thalemann S. M. Grüsser 2004 Kurzbeschreibung und psychometrische Kennwerte des “Fragebogens zum Computerspielverhalten bei Kindern” (CSVK) Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Medizin 16 226 233.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • The NPD Group (2010). 2009 US video game industry and PC game sotware retail sales reach $20.2 billion. Retrieved April 21, 2011, from http://www.npd.com/press/releases/press_100114.html.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • N. J. Thomas F. H. Martin 2010 Video-arcade game, computer game and Internet activities of Australian students: Participation habits and prevalence of addiction Australian Journal of Psychology 62 2 59 66.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • University of Massachusetts Medical School, D. o. P. (2007). ADHD self-report. Retrieved March 29, 2011, from http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/mhealth/ADHDSelfReport.pdf.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • A. J. van Rooij T. M. Schoenmakers R. van de Eijnden D. van de Mheen 2010 Compulsive Internet use: The role of online gaming and other Internet applications Journal of Adolescent Health 47 1 51 57.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • A. J. van Rooij T. M. Schoenmakers A. A. Vermulst R. van den Eijnden D. van de Mheen 2011 Online video game addiction: Identification of addicted adolescent gamers Addiction 106 1 205 212.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • N. D. Volkow J. S. Fowler 2000 Addiction: A disease of compulsion and drive: Involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex Cerebral Cortex 10 318 325.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • C. S. Wan W. B. Chiou 2006 Psychological motives and online games addiction: A test of flow theory and humanistic needs theory for Taiwanese adolescents CyberPsychology and Behavior 9 3 317 324.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • C. S. Wan W. B. Chiou 2006 Why are adolescents addicted to online gaming? An interview study in Taiwan CyberPsychology and Behavior 9 6 762 766.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • C. S. Wan W. B. Chiou 2007 The motivations of adolescents who are addicted to online games: A cognitive perspective Adolescence 42 165 179 197.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Weiss, M. (2008). Beyond core symptoms: Implications of effectiveness research for clinical practice. Paper presented at the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Annual Meeting.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • WHO 1992 ICD 10: The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • L. Widyanto M. McMurran 2004 The psychometric properties of the Internet Addiction Test CyberPsychology and Behavior 7 4 443 450.

  • K. Wölfling S. M. Grüsser R. Thalemann 2008 Video and computer game addiction International Journal of Psychology 43 3–4 769.

  • K. Wölfling K. W. Müller 2009 Computerspielsucht D. Batthyány A. Pritz Rausch ohne Drogen. Substanzgebundene Süchte Springer New York 291 308.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • K. Wölfling C. Thalemann S. M. Grüsser 2008 Computerspielsucht: Ein psychopathologischer Symptomkomplex im Jugendalter Psychiatrische Praxis 35 5 226 232.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • B. S. C. Woo W. C. Chang D. S. S. Fung J. B. K. Koh J. S. F. Leong C. H. Y. Kee C. K. F. Seah 2004 Development and validation of a depression scale for Asian adolescents Journal of Adolescence 27 6 677 689.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • N. Yee 2007 Motivations for play in online games CyberPsychology and Behavior 9 6 772 775.

  • K. Young 1996 Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder CyberPsychology and Behavior 3 237 244.

  • K. Young 1996 Psychology of computer use: XL. Addictive use of the Internet: A case that breaks the stereotype Psychological Reports 79 3 899 902.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • K. Young 1998 Caught in the Net Wiley New York.

  • K. Young 1999 Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation, and treatment L. V. T. L. Jackson Innovations in Clinical Practice Professional Resource Press Sarasota, FL.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • K. Young 2009 Understanding online gaming addiction and treatment issues for adolescents American Journal of Family Therapy 37 5 355 372.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Collapse
  • Expand

Dr. Zsolt Demetrovics
Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
Address: Izabella u. 46. H-1064 Budapest, Hungary
Phone: +36-1-461-2681
E-mail: jba@ppk.elte.hu

Indexing and Abstracting Services:

  • Web of Science [Science Citation Index Expanded (also known as SciSearch®)
  • Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition
  • Social Sciences Citation Index®
  • Journal Citation Reports/ Social Sciences Edition
  • Current Contents®/Social and Behavioral Sciences
  • EBSCO
  • GoogleScholar
  • PsycINFO
  • PubMed Central
  • SCOPUS
  • Medline
  • CABI
  • CABELLS Journalytics

2023  
Web of Science  
Journal Impact Factor 6.6
Rank by Impact Factor Q1 (Psychiatry)
Journal Citation Indicator 1.59
Scopus  
CiteScore 12.3
CiteScore rank Q1 (Clinical Psychology)
SNIP 1.604
Scimago  
SJR index 2.188
SJR Q rank Q1

Journal of Behavioral Addictions
Publication Model Gold Open Access
Submission Fee none
Article Processing Charge 990 EUR/article
Effective from  1st Feb 2025:
1400 EUR/article
Regional discounts on country of the funding agency World Bank Lower-middle-income economies: 50%
World Bank Low-income economies: 100%
Further Discounts Corresponding authors, affiliated to an EISZ member institution subscribing to the journal package of Akadémiai Kiadó: 100%.
Subscription Information Gold Open Access

Journal of Behavioral Addictions
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation
2011
Volumes
per Year
1
Issues
per Year
4
Founder Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem
Founder's
Address
H-1053 Budapest, Hungary Egyetem tér 1-3.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's
Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible
Publisher
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 2062-5871 (Print)
ISSN 2063-5303 (Online)

Senior editors

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zsolt DEMETROVICS

Assistant Editor(s): 

Csilla ÁGOSTON

Dana KATZ

Associate Editors

  • Stephanie ANTONS (Universitat Duisburg-Essen, Germany)
  • Joel BILLIEUX (University of Lausanne, Switzerland)
  • Beáta BŐTHE (University of Montreal, Canada)
  • Matthias BRAND (University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany)
  • Daniel KING (Flinders University, Australia)
  • Gyöngyi KÖKÖNYEI (ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
  • Ludwig KRAUS (IFT Institute for Therapy Research, Germany)
  • Marc N. POTENZA (Yale University, USA)
  • Hans-Jurgen RUMPF (University of Lübeck, Germany)
  • Ruth J. VAN HOLST (Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands)

Editorial Board

  • Sophia ACHAB (Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland)
  • Alex BALDACCHINO (St Andrews University, United Kingdom)
  • Judit BALÁZS (ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
  • Maria BELLRINGER (Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand)
  • Henrietta BOWDEN-JONES (Imperial College, United Kingdom)
  • Damien BREVERS (University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg)
  • Julius BURKAUSKAS (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania)
  • Gerhard BÜHRINGER (Technische Universität Dresden, Germany)
  • Silvia CASALE (University of Florence, Florence, Italy)
  • Luke CLARK (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada)
  • Jeffrey L. DEREVENSKY (McGill University, Canada)
  • Geert DOM (University of Antwerp, Belgium)
  • Nicki DOWLING (Deakin University, Geelong, Australia)
  • Hamed EKHTIARI (University of Minnesota, United States)
  • Jon ELHAI (University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA)
  • Ana ESTEVEZ (University of Deusto, Spain)
  • Fernando FERNANDEZ-ARANDA (Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain)
  • Naomi FINEBERG (University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom)
  • Sally GAINSBURY (The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia)
  • Belle GAVRIEL-FRIED (The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Israel)
  • Biljana GJONESKA (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Republic of North Macedonia)
  • Marie GRALL-BRONNEC (University Hospital of Nantes, France)
  • Jon E. GRANT (University of Minnesota, USA)
  • Mark GRIFFITHS (Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom)
  • Joshua GRUBBS (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA)
  • Anneke GOUDRIAAN (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
  • Susumu HIGUCHI (National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Japan)
  • David HODGINS (University of Calgary, Canada)
  • Eric HOLLANDER (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA)
  • Zsolt HORVÁTH (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
  • Susana JIMÉNEZ-MURCIA (Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain)
  • Yasser KHAZAAL (Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland)
  • Orsolya KIRÁLY (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
  • Chih-Hung KO (Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan)
  • Shane KRAUS (University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA)
  • Hae Kook LEE (The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea)
  • Bernadette KUN (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
  • Katerina LUKAVSKA (Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic)
  • Giovanni MARTINOTTI (‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy)
  • Gemma MESTRE-BACH (Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, La Rioja, Spain)
  • Astrid MÜLLER (Hannover Medical School, Germany)
  • Daniel Thor OLASON (University of Iceland, Iceland)
  • Ståle PALLESEN (University of Bergen, Norway)
  • Afarin RAHIMI-MOVAGHAR (Teheran University of Medical Sciences, Iran)
  • József RÁCZ (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary)
  • Michael SCHAUB (University of Zurich, Switzerland)
  • Marcantanio M. SPADA (London South Bank University, United Kingdom)
  • Daniel SPRITZER (Study Group on Technological Addictions, Brazil)
  • Dan J. STEIN (University of Cape Town, South Africa)
  • Sherry H. STEWART (Dalhousie University, Canada)
  • Attila SZABÓ (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
  • Hermano TAVARES (Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil)
  • Wim VAN DEN BRINK (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
  • Alexander E. VOISKOUNSKY (Moscow State University, Russia)
  • Aviv M. WEINSTEIN (Ariel University, Israel)
  • Anise WU (University of Macau, Macao, China)
  • Ágnes ZSILA (ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)

 

Monthly Content Usage

Abstract Views Full Text Views PDF Downloads
Oct 2024 0 1351 979
Nov 2024 0 1453 1265
Dec 2024 0 945 885
Jan 2025 0 1406 1102
Feb 2025 0 1913 1441
Mar 2025 0 1784 1384
Apr 2025 0 0 0