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Antonius J. van Rooij PhD
Antonius J. van Rooij PhD
IVO Addiction Research Institute, Heemraadssingel 194, 3021 DM, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Daria J. Kuss
Daria J. Kuss
Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
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Mark D. Griffiths
Mark D. Griffiths
International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Gillian W. Shorter
Gillian W. Shorter
International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, UK
MRC All-Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research, University of Ulster, Londonderry, UK
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Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, UK
MRC All-Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research, University of Ulster, Londonderry, UK
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Tim M. Schoenmakers
Tim M. Schoenmakers
IVO Addiction Research Institute, Heemraadssingel 194, 3021 DM, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Dike van de Mheen
Dike van de Mheen
IVO Addiction Research Institute, Heemraadssingel 194, 3021 DM, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Aims
The current study explored the nature of problematic (addictive) video gaming (PVG) and the association with game type, psychosocial health, and substance use.
Methods
Data were collected using a paper and pencil survey in the classroom setting. Three samples were aggregated to achieve a total sample of 8478 unique adolescents. Scales included measures of game use, game type, the Video game Addiction Test (VAT), depressive mood, negative self-esteem, loneliness, social anxiety, education performance, and use of cannabis, alcohol and nicotine (smoking).
Results
Findings confirmed problematic gaming is most common amongst adolescent gamers who play multiplayer online games. Boys (60%) were more likely to play online games than girls (14%) and problematic gamers were more likely to be boys (5%) than girls (1%). High problematic gamers showed higher scores on depressive mood, loneliness, social anxiety, negative self-esteem, and self-reported lower school performance. Nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis using boys were almost twice more likely to report high PVG than non-users.
Conclusions
It appears that online gaming in general is not necessarily associated with problems. However, problematic gamers do seem to play online games more often, and a small subgroup of gamers — specifically boys — showed lower psychosocial functioning and lower grades. Moreover, associations with alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use are found. It would appear that problematic gaming is an undesirable problem for a small subgroup of gamers. The findings encourage further exploration of the role of psychoactive substance use in problematic gaming.
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Dr. Zsolt Demetrovics
Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
Address: Izabella u. 46. H-1064 Budapest, Hungary
Phone: +36-1-461-2681
E-mail: jba@ppk.elte.hu
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Senior editors
Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zsolt DEMETROVICS
Assistant Editor(s):
Csilla ÁGOSTON
Dana KATZ
Associate Editors
- Stephanie ANTONS (Universitat Duisburg-Essen, Germany)
- Joel BILLIEUX (University of Lausanne, Switzerland)
- Beáta BŐTHE (University of Montreal, Canada)
- Matthias BRAND (University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany)
- Daniel KING (Flinders University, Australia)
- Gyöngyi KÖKÖNYEI (ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
- Ludwig KRAUS (IFT Institute for Therapy Research, Germany)
- Marc N. POTENZA (Yale University, USA)
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- Sophia ACHAB (Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland)
- Alex BALDACCHINO (St Andrews University, United Kingdom)
- Judit BALÁZS (ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
- Maria BELLRINGER (Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand)
- Henrietta BOWDEN-JONES (Imperial College, United Kingdom)
- Damien BREVERS (University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg)
- Julius BURKAUSKAS (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania)
- Gerhard BÜHRINGER (Technische Universität Dresden, Germany)
- Silvia CASALE (University of Florence, Florence, Italy)
- Luke CLARK (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada)
- Jeffrey L. DEREVENSKY (McGill University, Canada)
- Geert DOM (University of Antwerp, Belgium)
- Nicki DOWLING (Deakin University, Geelong, Australia)
- Hamed EKHTIARI (University of Minnesota, United States)
- Jon ELHAI (University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA)
- Ana ESTEVEZ (University of Deusto, Spain)
- Fernando FERNANDEZ-ARANDA (Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain)
- Naomi FINEBERG (University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom)
- Sally GAINSBURY (The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia)
- Belle GAVRIEL-FRIED (The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Israel)
- Biljana GJONESKA (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Republic of North Macedonia)
- Marie GRALL-BRONNEC (University Hospital of Nantes, France)
- Jon E. GRANT (University of Minnesota, USA)
- Mark GRIFFITHS (Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom)
- Joshua GRUBBS (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA)
- Anneke GOUDRIAAN (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
- Susumu HIGUCHI (National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Japan)
- David HODGINS (University of Calgary, Canada)
- Eric HOLLANDER (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA)
- Zsolt HORVÁTH (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
- Susana JIMÉNEZ-MURCIA (Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain)
- Yasser KHAZAAL (Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland)
- Orsolya KIRÁLY (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
- Chih-Hung KO (Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan)
- Shane KRAUS (University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA)
- Hae Kook LEE (The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea)
- Bernadette KUN (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
- Katerina LUKAVSKA (Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic)
- Giovanni MARTINOTTI (‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy)
- Gemma MESTRE-BACH (Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, La Rioja, Spain)
- Astrid MÜLLER (Hannover Medical School, Germany)
- Daniel Thor OLASON (University of Iceland, Iceland)
- Ståle PALLESEN (University of Bergen, Norway)
- Afarin RAHIMI-MOVAGHAR (Teheran University of Medical Sciences, Iran)
- József RÁCZ (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary)
- Michael SCHAUB (University of Zurich, Switzerland)
- Marcantanio M. SPADA (London South Bank University, United Kingdom)
- Daniel SPRITZER (Study Group on Technological Addictions, Brazil)
- Dan J. STEIN (University of Cape Town, South Africa)
- Sherry H. STEWART (Dalhousie University, Canada)
- Attila SZABÓ (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
- Hermano TAVARES (Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil)
- Wim VAN DEN BRINK (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
- Alexander E. VOISKOUNSKY (Moscow State University, Russia)
- Aviv M. WEINSTEIN (Ariel University, Israel)
- Anise WU (University of Macau, Macao, China)
- Ágnes ZSILA (ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
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