Authors:
Mateusz Gola Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computations, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

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Marc N. Potenza Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Child Study Center and CASAColumbia, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA

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The letter by Kraus et al. (2018) published recently in World Psychiatry presents diagnostic criteria for compulsive sexual behaviors (CSBs). Here, we discuss the potential impact of including CSB disorder in ICD-11 for four areas: educational efforts related to CSB (for both clinicians and patients), investigation of underlying mechanisms and subtypes, development of personalized treatment frameworks, and answering socially important questions and advancing important prevention efforts and effective policies. Each of these four areas has their own challenges that should be addressed, and we briefly describe and discuss them. We hope that this information will help continue a dialog and provide a framework for moving forward in this area.

Abstract

The letter by Kraus et al. (2018) published recently in World Psychiatry presents diagnostic criteria for compulsive sexual behaviors (CSBs). Here, we discuss the potential impact of including CSB disorder in ICD-11 for four areas: educational efforts related to CSB (for both clinicians and patients), investigation of underlying mechanisms and subtypes, development of personalized treatment frameworks, and answering socially important questions and advancing important prevention efforts and effective policies. Each of these four areas has their own challenges that should be addressed, and we briefly describe and discuss them. We hope that this information will help continue a dialog and provide a framework for moving forward in this area.

In an era of unfettered Internet access on mobile devices, such behaviors as pornography use, searching for paid sexual services, and casual sexual encounters (so called hook-ups) appear to have become more prevalent. Everyday common and clinical observations indicate that for some individuals, these new forms of sexual behaviors have become problematic and prompted treatment seeking (Gola, Lewczuk, & Skorko, 2016). Given such cases, terms such as “sex addiction” exist in the mass media and public discussion. However, despite the high social importance and interest in this phenomenon, compulsive sexual behaviors (CSBs) for years have arguably remained at the margin of systematic scientific investigation and psychiatric classification (Kafka, 2014; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016; Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017).

Decades of scientific and clinical discussions regarding CSBs, hypersexsuality, and sex addiction have generated multiple ideas, but in comparison to other psychiatric behaviors and disorders, relatively little data exist to test them (Gola & Potenza, 2018). On one hand, insufficient data may have hindered the inclusion of CSB disorder or related constructs [i.e., hypersexual disorder (Kafka, 2010)] in the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), despite the results of a DSM-5-related field trial of hypersexual disorder (Reid et al., 2012). On the other hand, the absence of an official diagnostic entity with specified criteria may have hindered research, data collection, and educational efforts relating to CSBs. Fortunately, important recent advances in understanding significant facets of CSBs have occurred.

Kraus et al. (2018) described criteria for CSB disorder as proposed for inclusion in ICD-11. In our opinion, the World Health Organization’s decision for proposing CSB disorder for inclusion in the upcoming ICD-11 is a very important step from the perspective of individuals seeking treatment for CSBs; clinicians providing such treatment; researchers interested in studying this topic; and society raising questions and receiving answers, which should ultimately inform policy efforts. We would like to briefly present perspectives on these four areas and voice most important issues that we believe are worth future investigation.

For many individuals who experience persistent patterns of difficulty or failures in controlling intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges that result in sexual behavior associated with marked distress or impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, it is very important to be able to name and identify their problem. It is also important that care providers (i.e., clinicians and counselors) from whom individuals may seek help are familiar with CSBs. During our studies involving over 3,000 subjects seeking treatment for CSB, we have frequently heard that individuals suffering from CSB encounter multiple barriers during their seeking of help or in contact with clinicians (Dhuffar & Griffiths, 2016). Patients report that clinicians may avoid the topic, state that such problems do not exist, or suggest that one has a high sexual drive, and should accept it instead of treating (despite that for these individuals, the CSBs may feel ego-dystonic and lead to multiple negative consequences). We believe that well-defined criteria for CSB disorder will promote educational efforts including development of training programs on how to assess and treat individuals with symptoms of CSB disorder. We hope that such programs will become a part of clinical training for psychologists, psychiatrists, and other providers of mental health care services, as well as other care providers including primary care providers, such as generalist physicians.

Basic questions on how best to conceptualize CSB disorder and provide effective treatments should be addressed. The current proposal of classifying CSB disorder as an impulse-control disorder is controversial as alternate models have been proposed (Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013). There are data suggesting that CSB shares many features with addictions (Kraus et al., 2016), including recent data indicating increased reactivity of reward-related brain regions in response to cues associated with erotic stimuli (Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016; Gola et al., 2017; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; Voon et al., 2014). Furthermore, preliminary data suggest that naltrexone, a medication with indications for alcohol- and opioid-use disorders, may be helpful for treating CSBs (Kraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, & Potenza, 2015; Raymond, Grant, & Coleman, 2010). With respect to CSB disorder’s proposed classification as an impulse-control disorder, there are data suggesting that individuals seeking treatment for one form of CSB disorder, problematic pornography use, do not differ in terms of impulsivity from the general population. They are instead presented with increased anxiety (Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015; Gola et al., 2017), and pharmacological treatment targeting anxiety symptoms may be helpful in reducing some CSB symptoms (Gola & Potenza, 2016). While it may not yet be possible to draw definitive conclusions regarding classification, more data seem to support classification as an addictive disorder when compared to an impulse-control disorder (Kraus et al., 2016), and more research is needed to examine relationships with other psychiatric conditions (Potenza et al., 2017).

Like other psychiatric conditions, CSB disorder is likely heterogeneous with multiple contributory mechanisms. The form of CSB may represent an important factor to consider with respect to disorder heterogeneity. For example, distinctions may exist relating to participating predominantly in interpersonal sexual behaviors (e.g., risky casual sex with other people or paid sexual services) versus solitary behaviors (e.g., binge pornography use and masturbation; Efrati & Mikulincer, 2017). It is possible that the former may relate to high levels of impulsivity and sensation-seeking, and the latter may relate to high levels of anxiety, with each having different neural correlates as has been proposed for risky alcohol-use behaviors (Coleman, 1991, 2015; Gola et al., 2015; Stark & Klucken, 2017); however, this possibility warrants direct examination.

Pharmacological and psychological treatment strategies for CSB disorder and possible subtypes should be examined. Currently, there are few systematic studies of CSB disorder, especially with consideration of potential subtypes like problematic pornography use. Such studies will need support from funding agencies (Potenza, Higuchi, & Brand, 2018). The study of non-substance or behavioral addictions like gambling disorder does not receive governmental support the way that disorders like mood, anxiety, psychotic substance use, and most other psychiatric do (Editorial, 2018). Given individual and public health concerns related to CSBs, we hope that governmental agencies and other stakeholders (including but not limited to producers and distributors of pornography, Internet providers, and digital device manufacturers) will support research into major questions related to the prevalence of CSB disorder and its subtypes, development of culturally informed and psychometrically validated screening and assessment instruments, potential impact of Internet pornography (particularly with respect to youth exposure and developmental trajectories), and identification of vulnerability factors that may place individuals at risk for problems with CSBs. These and other questions warrant attention to improve prevention, treatment, and policy efforts in order to promote sexual health at individual and societal levels.

In our opinion, clear diagnostic criteria for CSB disorder as proposed for inclusion in ICD-11 set an important foundation for a long journey to address socially important questions. Addressing and answering such questions should provide an improved understanding of people suffering from and affected by those with CSB disorder and lead to improved sexual health for the general public.

Authors’ contribution

Both the authors Dr. MG and Dr. MNP equally contributed to the content of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors report no financial conflict of interest with respect to the content of this manuscript. Dr. MNP has received financial support or compensation for the following: he has consulted for and advised RiverMend Health; has received research support (to Yale) from the National Institutes of Health, Mohegan Sun Casino and the National Center for Responsible Gaming; has participated in surveys, mailings, or telephone consultations related to addiction, impulse-control disorders, or other health topics; has consulted for gambling and legal entities on issues related to impulse control; provides clinical care in the Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services and Problem Gambling Services Program; has performed grant reviews for the National Institutes of Health and other agencies; has edited or guest-edited journals or journal sections; has given academic lectures in grand rounds, CME events, and other clinical or scientific venues; and has generated books or book chapters for publishers of mental health texts.

References

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  • Brand, M. , Snagowski, J. , Laier, C. , & Maderwald, S. (2016). Ventral striatum activity when watching preferred pornographic pictures is correlated with symptoms of Internet pornography addiction. Neuroimage, 129, 224232. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.033

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
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  • Coleman, E. (1991). Compulsive sexual behavior: New concepts and treatments. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 4(2), 3752. doi:10.1300/J056v04n02_04

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Coleman, E. (2015). Impulsive/compulsive sexual behaviour. ABC of sexual health, 259, 93.

  • Dhuffar, M. K. , & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Barriers to female sex addiction treatment in the UK. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(4), 562567. doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.072

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Editorial. (2018). Science has a gambling problem. Nature, 553(7689), 379. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-01051-z

  • Efrati, Y. , & Mikulincer, M. (2017). Individual-based compulsive sexual behavior scale: Its development and importance in examining compulsive sexual behavior. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44(3), 249259. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2017.1405297

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gola, M. , Lewczuk, K. , & Skorko, M. (2016). What matters: Quantity or quality of pornography use? Psychological and behavioral factors of seeking treatment for problematic pornography use. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(5), 815824. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.02.169

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gola, M. , Miyakoshi, M. , & Sescousse, G. (2015). Sex, impulsivity, and anxiety: Interplay between ventral striatum and amygdala reactivity in sexual behaviors. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(46), 1522715229. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3273-15.2015

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gola, M. , & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Paroxetine treatment of problematic pornography use: A case series. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(3), 529532. doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.046

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gola, M. , & Potenza, M. N. (2018). The proof of the pudding is in the tasting: Data are needed to test models and hypotheses related to compulsive sexual behaviors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47(5), 13231325. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1167-x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gola, M. , Wordecha, M. , Marchewka, A. , & Sescousse, G. (2016). Visual sexual stimuli-cue or reward? A perspective for interpreting brain imaging findings on human sexual behaviors. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 402. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00402

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gola, M. , Wordecha, M. , Sescousse, G. , Lew-Starowicz, M. , Kossowski, B. , Wypych, M , Makeig, S. , Potenza, M. N. , & Marchewka, A. (2017). Can pornography be addictive? An fMRI study of men seeking treatment for problematic pornography use. Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(10), 20212031. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.78

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kafka, M. P. (2010). Hypersexual disorder: A proposed diagnosis for DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(2), 377400. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9574-7

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kafka, M. P. (2014). What happened to hypersexual disorder? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(7), 12591261. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0326-y

  • Klucken, T. , Wehrum-Osinsky, S. , Schweckendiek, J. , Kruse, O. , & Stark, R. (2016). Altered appetitive conditioning and neural connectivity in subjects with compulsive sexual behavior. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(4), 627636. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.01.013

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kor, A. , Fogel, Y. , Reid, R. C. , & Potenza, M. N. (2013). Should hypersexual disorder be classified as an addiction? Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 20(1–2), 115. doi:10.1080/10720162.2013.768132

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kraus, S. W. , Krueger, R. B. , Briken, P. , First, M. B. , Stein, D. J. , Kaplan, M. S. , Voon, V. , Abdo, C. H. N. , Grant, J. E. , Atalla, E. , & Reed, G. M. (2018). Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 109110. doi:10.1002/wps.20499

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kraus, S. W. , Meshberg-Cohen, S. , Martino, S. , Quinones, L. , & Potenza, M. (2015). Treatment of compulsive pornography use with naltrexone: A case report. The American Psychiatry Journal, 172(12), 12601261. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15060843

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kraus, S. W. , Voon, V. , & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Should compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction? Addiction, 111(12), 20972106. doi:10.1111/add.13297

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Potenza, M. N. , Gola, M. , Voon, V. , Kor, A. , & Kraus, S. W. (2017). Is excessive sexual behaviour an addictive disorder? The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(9), 663664. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30316-4

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Potenza, M. N. , Higuchi, S. , & Brand, M. (2018). Call for research into a wider range of behavioural addictions. Nature, 555, 30. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-02568-z

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Raymond, N. C. , Grant, J. E. , & Coleman, E. (2010). Augmentation with naltrexone to treat compulsive sexual behavior: A case series. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 22(1), 5662.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Reid, R. C. , Carpenter, B. N. , Hook, J. N. , Garos, S. , Manning, J. C. , Gilliland, R. , Cooper, E. B. , McKittrick, H. , Davtian, M. , & Fong, T. (2012). Report of findings in a DSM-5 field trial for hypersexual disorder. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(11), 28682877. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02936.x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Stark, R. , & Klucken, T. (2017). Neuroscientific approaches to (online) pornography addiction. In C. Montag & M. Reuter (Eds.), Internet Addiction (pp. 109124). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Voon, V. , Mole, T. B. , Banca, P. , Porter, L. , Morris, L. , Mitchell, S. , Lapa, T. R. , Karr, J. , Harrison, N. A. , Potenza, M. N. , & Irvine, M. (2014). Neural correlates of sexual cue reactivity in individuals with and without compulsive sexual behaviours. PLoS One, 9(7), e102419. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102419

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brand, M. , Snagowski, J. , Laier, C. , & Maderwald, S. (2016). Ventral striatum activity when watching preferred pornographic pictures is correlated with symptoms of Internet pornography addiction. Neuroimage, 129, 224232. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.033

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Coleman, E. (1991). Compulsive sexual behavior: New concepts and treatments. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 4(2), 3752. doi:10.1300/J056v04n02_04

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Coleman, E. (2015). Impulsive/compulsive sexual behaviour. ABC of sexual health, 259, 93.

  • Dhuffar, M. K. , & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Barriers to female sex addiction treatment in the UK. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(4), 562567. doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.072

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Editorial. (2018). Science has a gambling problem. Nature, 553(7689), 379. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-01051-z

  • Efrati, Y. , & Mikulincer, M. (2017). Individual-based compulsive sexual behavior scale: Its development and importance in examining compulsive sexual behavior. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44(3), 249259. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2017.1405297

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gola, M. , Lewczuk, K. , & Skorko, M. (2016). What matters: Quantity or quality of pornography use? Psychological and behavioral factors of seeking treatment for problematic pornography use. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(5), 815824. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.02.169

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gola, M. , Miyakoshi, M. , & Sescousse, G. (2015). Sex, impulsivity, and anxiety: Interplay between ventral striatum and amygdala reactivity in sexual behaviors. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(46), 1522715229. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3273-15.2015

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gola, M. , & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Paroxetine treatment of problematic pornography use: A case series. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(3), 529532. doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.046

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gola, M. , & Potenza, M. N. (2018). The proof of the pudding is in the tasting: Data are needed to test models and hypotheses related to compulsive sexual behaviors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47(5), 13231325. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1167-x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gola, M. , Wordecha, M. , Marchewka, A. , & Sescousse, G. (2016). Visual sexual stimuli-cue or reward? A perspective for interpreting brain imaging findings on human sexual behaviors. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 402. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00402

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gola, M. , Wordecha, M. , Sescousse, G. , Lew-Starowicz, M. , Kossowski, B. , Wypych, M , Makeig, S. , Potenza, M. N. , & Marchewka, A. (2017). Can pornography be addictive? An fMRI study of men seeking treatment for problematic pornography use. Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(10), 20212031. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.78

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kafka, M. P. (2010). Hypersexual disorder: A proposed diagnosis for DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(2), 377400. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9574-7

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kafka, M. P. (2014). What happened to hypersexual disorder? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(7), 12591261. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0326-y

  • Klucken, T. , Wehrum-Osinsky, S. , Schweckendiek, J. , Kruse, O. , & Stark, R. (2016). Altered appetitive conditioning and neural connectivity in subjects with compulsive sexual behavior. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(4), 627636. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.01.013

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kor, A. , Fogel, Y. , Reid, R. C. , & Potenza, M. N. (2013). Should hypersexual disorder be classified as an addiction? Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 20(1–2), 115. doi:10.1080/10720162.2013.768132

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kraus, S. W. , Krueger, R. B. , Briken, P. , First, M. B. , Stein, D. J. , Kaplan, M. S. , Voon, V. , Abdo, C. H. N. , Grant, J. E. , Atalla, E. , & Reed, G. M. (2018). Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 109110. doi:10.1002/wps.20499

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kraus, S. W. , Meshberg-Cohen, S. , Martino, S. , Quinones, L. , & Potenza, M. (2015). Treatment of compulsive pornography use with naltrexone: A case report. The American Psychiatry Journal, 172(12), 12601261. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15060843

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kraus, S. W. , Voon, V. , & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Should compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction? Addiction, 111(12), 20972106. doi:10.1111/add.13297

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Potenza, M. N. , Gola, M. , Voon, V. , Kor, A. , & Kraus, S. W. (2017). Is excessive sexual behaviour an addictive disorder? The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(9), 663664. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30316-4

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Potenza, M. N. , Higuchi, S. , & Brand, M. (2018). Call for research into a wider range of behavioural addictions. Nature, 555, 30. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-02568-z

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Raymond, N. C. , Grant, J. E. , & Coleman, E. (2010). Augmentation with naltrexone to treat compulsive sexual behavior: A case series. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 22(1), 5662.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Reid, R. C. , Carpenter, B. N. , Hook, J. N. , Garos, S. , Manning, J. C. , Gilliland, R. , Cooper, E. B. , McKittrick, H. , Davtian, M. , & Fong, T. (2012). Report of findings in a DSM-5 field trial for hypersexual disorder. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(11), 28682877. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02936.x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Stark, R. , & Klucken, T. (2017). Neuroscientific approaches to (online) pornography addiction. In C. Montag & M. Reuter (Eds.), Internet Addiction (pp. 109124). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Voon, V. , Mole, T. B. , Banca, P. , Porter, L. , Morris, L. , Mitchell, S. , Lapa, T. R. , Karr, J. , Harrison, N. A. , Potenza, M. N. , & Irvine, M. (2014). Neural correlates of sexual cue reactivity in individuals with and without compulsive sexual behaviours. PLoS One, 9(7), e102419. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102419

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
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2022  
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2020  
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Rate  

2019  
Total Cites
WoS
2 184
Impact Factor 5,143
Impact Factor
without
Journal Self Cites
4,346
5 Year
Impact Factor
5,758
Immediacy
Index
0,587
Citable
Items
75
Total
Articles
67
Total
Reviews
8
Cited
Half-Life
3,3
Citing
Half-Life
6,8
Eigenfactor
Score
0,00597
Article Influence
Score
1,447
% Articles
in
Citable Items
89,33
Normalized
Eigenfactor
0,7294
Average
IF
Percentile
87,923
Scimago
H-index
37
Scimago
Journal Rank
1,767
Scopus
Scite Score
2540/376=6,8
Scopus
Scite Score Rank
Cllinical Psychology 16/275 (Q1)
Medicine (miscellenous) 31/219 (Q1)
Psychiatry and Mental Health 47/506 (Q1)
Scopus
SNIP
1,441
Acceptance
Rate
32%

 

Journal of Behavioral Addictions
Publication Model Gold Open Access
Submission Fee none
Article Processing Charge 990 EUR/article for articles submitted after 30 April 2023 (850 EUR for articles submitted prior to this date)
Regional discounts on country of the funding agency World Bank Lower-middle-income economies: 50%
World Bank Low-income economies: 100%
Further Discounts Corresponding authors, affiliated to an EISZ member institution subscribing to the journal package of Akadémiai Kiadó: 100%.
Subscription Information Gold Open Access

Journal of Behavioral Addictions
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation
2011
Volumes
per Year
1
Issues
per Year
4
Founder Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem
Founder's
Address
H-1053 Budapest, Hungary Egyetem tér 1-3.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Publisher's
Address
H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
Responsible
Publisher
Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 2062-5871 (Print)
ISSN 2063-5303 (Online)

Senior editors

Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zsolt DEMETROVICS

Assistant Editor(s): Csilla ÁGOSTON

Associate Editors

  • Stephanie ANTONS (Universitat Duisburg-Essen, Germany)
  • Joel BILLIEUX (University of Lausanne, Switzerland)
  • Beáta BŐTHE (University of Montreal, Canada)
  • Matthias BRAND (University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany)
  • Ruth J. van HOLST (Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands)
  • Daniel KING (Flinders University, Australia)
  • Gyöngyi KÖKÖNYEI (ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
  • Ludwig KRAUS (IFT Institute for Therapy Research, Germany)
  • Marc N. POTENZA (Yale University, USA)
  • Hans-Jurgen RUMPF (University of Lübeck, Germany)

Editorial Board

  • Max W. ABBOTT (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand)
  • Elias N. ABOUJAOUDE (Stanford University School of Medicine, USA)
  • Hojjat ADELI (Ohio State University, USA)
  • Alex BALDACCHINO (University of Dundee, United Kingdom)
  • Alex BLASZCZYNSKI (University of Sidney, Australia)
  • Judit BALÁZS (ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
  • Kenneth BLUM (University of Florida, USA)
  • Henrietta BOWDEN-JONES (Imperial College, United Kingdom)
  • Wim VAN DEN BRINK (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
  • Gerhard BÜHRINGER (Technische Universität Dresden, Germany)
  • Sam-Wook CHOI (Eulji University, Republic of Korea)
  • Damiaan DENYS (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
  • Jeffrey L. DEREVENSKY (McGill University, Canada)
  • Naomi FINEBERG (University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom)
  • Marie GRALL-BRONNEC (University Hospital of Nantes, France)
  • Jon E. GRANT (University of Minnesota, USA)
  • Mark GRIFFITHS (Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom)
  • Anneke GOUDRIAAN (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
  • Heather HAUSENBLAS (Jacksonville University, USA)
  • Tobias HAYER (University of Bremen, Germany)
  • Susumu HIGUCHI (National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Japan)
  • David HODGINS (University of Calgary, Canada)
  • Eric HOLLANDER (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA)
  • Jaeseung JEONG (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea)
  • Yasser KHAZAAL (Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland)
  • Orsolya KIRÁLY (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
  • Emmanuel KUNTSCHE (La Trobe University, Australia)
  • Hae Kook LEE (The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea)
  • Michel LEJOXEUX (Paris University, France)
  • Anikó MARÁZ (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany)
  • Giovanni MARTINOTTI (‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy)
  • Astrid MÜLLER  (Hannover Medical School, Germany)
  • Frederick GERARD MOELLER (University of Texas, USA)
  • Daniel Thor OLASON (University of Iceland, Iceland)
  • Nancy PETRY (University of Connecticut, USA)
  • Bettina PIKÓ (University of Szeged, Hungary)
  • Afarin RAHIMI-MOVAGHAR (Teheran University of Medical Sciences, Iran)
  • József RÁCZ (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary)
  • Rory C. REID (University of California Los Angeles, USA)
  • Marcantanio M. SPADA (London South Bank University, United Kingdom)
  • Daniel SPRITZER (Study Group on Technological Addictions, Brazil)
  • Dan J. STEIN (University of Cape Town, South Africa)
  • Sherry H. STEWART (Dalhousie University, Canada)
  • Attila SZABÓ (Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
  • Ferenc TÚRY (Semmelweis University, Hungary)
  • Alfred UHL (Austrian Federal Health Institute, Austria)
  • Róbert URBÁN  (ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary)
  • Johan VANDERLINDEN (University Psychiatric Center K.U.Leuven, Belgium)
  • Alexander E. VOISKOUNSKY (Moscow State University, Russia)
  • Aviv M. WEINSTEIN  (Ariel University, Israel)
  • Kimberly YOUNG (Center for Internet Addiction, USA)

 

Monthly Content Usage

Abstract Views Full Text Views PDF Downloads
Apr 2023 0 59 34
May 2023 0 70 40
Jun 2023 0 67 37
Jul 2023 0 76 33
Aug 2023 0 62 25
Sep 2023 0 82 35
Oct 2023 0 3 0