Az endogén T-sejtek genetikai manipulációjával létrehozott kiméra antigén receptorral felruházott T-sejtek (CAR-T) ma az egyik legújabb és legnagyobb potenciállal rendelkező terápiás alternatívát jelentik az onkológiában, elsősorban a hematológiai, azon belül is B-sejtes malignitások körében. A CAR-T-sejtek ötvözik a T-sejtek effektor működését, illetve a B-sejtek antigénfelismerő képességét, megkerülve ezzel az endogén T-sejtek antigénprocesszálás, antigénprezentáció és kostimuláció iránti igényét. A haematológiai malignitások között a legjobb eredmények CAR-T-kezeléssel gyermekkori-, illetve felnőtt relabáló/refrakter B-sejtes akut lymphomblastos leukémiában vannak akár 70–90%-os komplett remisszió aránnyal. Hasonlóan ígéretesek a kezdeti vizsgálatok többek között diffúz nagy B-sejtes lymphomában, follikuláris lymphomában és krónikus lymphocytás leukaemiában. A mellékhatások közül messze a leggyakoribb, akár 80%-ban előfordulhat a gyakran rendkívül súlyos, akár letális formában megjelenő citokinfelszabadulási szindróma. A jelenleg folyó intenzív kutatások éppen ezért a CAR-T-sejtek újabb generációjának jobb irányíthatóságára, kombinációk alkalmazására, illetve a további problémát jelentő óriási előállítási költségek csökkentésére irányulnak. Ezen összefoglaló mind a jelenlegi CAR-T repertoár ismertetését, mind a terápia kihívásainak és a potenciális megoldásoknak felvázolását célozza, ezzel betekintést engedve az tumorterápia egyik legígéretesebb pillérjének kibontakozásába.
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