Klinikai szempontból az ABO a legjelentősebb vércsoportrendszer, amelyről a korábbi kiterjedt kutatások ellenére még mindig jelentős új felfedezések születnek. A vércsoportrendszer genetikai hátterének felderítése tette lehetővé, hogy a kereskedelmi forgalomban több ABO genotípus meghatározási módszer is elérhető legyen. A jelen tanulmány célja az ellentmondó ABO vércsoport-szerológiai eredmények bemutatása esettanulmányok segítségével, a lehetséges klinikai és genetikai okok összefoglalása és az ellentmondások feloldására használható megoldások bemutatása különös tekintettel a molekuláris genetikai módszerekre. Esettanulmányainkban kitérünk az onkohematológiai betegségek kapcsán gyakori csökkent A és B antigénkifejeződésre, valamint a genetikai ABO alcsoportokra. Az esetbemutatásokat követően irodalmi áttekintést adunk az ABO vércsoportrendszer alcsoportvariánsairól, valamint olyan, több ezer személy genetikai hátterét vizsgáló populációs tanulmányokat mutatunk be, amelyek a vércsoportrendszerek genetikai variánsait részletező Erythrogene adatbázis alapjául is szolgáltak.
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