Az utóbbi bő egy évtizedben egyre több új fogalommal és jellegzetes, többnyire négy betűből álló rövidítéseikkel találkozunk a külföldi közleményekben, amelyek rövid áttekintése talán nem felesleges. Jelenlegi munkánkban a kérdéssel kapcsolatos legfontosabb ismereteket foglaljuk össze.
Bevezetésként felsoroljuk a szóban forgó rövidítéseket (és tömören megfogalmazott jelentésüket), majd ismertetjük ezeknek a fogalmaknak a lényegét, gyakorlati jelentőségét, klinikai vonatkozásait. Bár döntően hematológiai elváltozásokról lesz szó, ismeretük – mint később részletesebben is kifejtjük – egyéb szakterületek számára sem érdektelen. A genetikai vonatkozások részletes elemzése messze meghaladná célkitűzéseinket, ezért csupán a mondanivalónk szempontjából legfontosabbnak ítélt kérdéseket érintjük.
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