A zsírszövetben az inzulinreceptor jelátviteli folyamatait auto-, para- és endokrin hatásokkal szabályozó számos fehérje termelődik és szekretálódik. Ezek közül több, így a tumornekrózis-faktor-α és szolúbilis receptor formái, az sTNFR1 és sTNFR2, a rezisztin, retinolkötő fehérje-4, plazminogénaktivátor-inhibitor, lipokain-1 gátolja az inzulin jelátviteli folyamatait és inzulinrezisztenciát okoz, elsősorban a zsírszövetben, a májban, az izomszövetben, az agyban, az endothelsejtekben, valamint a hasnyálmirigy β-sejtjeiben. Más fehérjék, így az adiponektin, visfatin, vaspin, omentin, apelin és chemerin pedig javítják az inzulinreceptor jelátvitelét. Az összefoglalás áttekinti az inzulinreceptor jelátviteli folyamatainak főbb részleteit és kitér az elhízásban, valamint a 2-es típusú cukorbetegségben észlelhető inzulin- és citokinrezisztenciák patomechanizmusában a közelmúltban megismert molekuláris tényezőkre (például a suppressor of cytokine signaling fehérje család).
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