A krónikus szívelégtelenség leginkább az időseket érintő népbetegség, amelyben a D-vitamin-hiány rendkívül gyakori. A legtöbb D-vitamin a bőrben képződik, ezért a szívelégtelenségben szenvedő betegek életmódja részben magyarázhatja a D-vitamin-hiány gyakoriságát. Azonban egyre több adat támasztja alá azt az elképzelést, hogy a D-vitamin-hiány nemcsak következménye, hanem oka is lehet a krónikus szívelégtelenség kialakulásának. A D-vitaminnak közvetlen hatása van a szívre és indirekt hatása a szívelégtelenséghez vezető legfőbb rizikófaktorokra. A közvetlen szívhatás a szívizomsejtek kontraktilitásában, a natriureticus fehérjék elválasztásában, az extracelluláris mátrix és a gyulladásos citokinek változásában nyilvánul meg. Emellett a D-vitamin hatással van a szívelégtelenség legfontosabb rizikófaktoraira, a vérnyomásra, a renin-angiotenzin rendszerre és az érelmeszesedésre is. A sok kísérletes adat ellenére csupán néhány megfigyelés igazolja a D-vitamin kedvező hatását a krónikus szívelégtelenségre. További nagy esetszámú, randomizált vizsgálat szükséges annak megerősítésére, hogy a D-vitamin-hiányban adott D-vitamin-pótlás előnyös hatású a krónikus szívelégtelenségre és a halálozási kockázatra.
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