Napjainkban egyre több adat van a neuroendokrin és az immunrendszer közötti kapcsolatra. A molekuláris genetikai kutatások eredményei bizonyították, hogy a neurotranszmitterek, a hormonok és a citokinek az alapjai ennek a közös nyelvnek. Bebizonyosodott, hogy az immunrendszer képes neurotranszmitterek, hormonok, az endokrin rendszer pedig citokinek termelésére. Ez az integratív (holisztikus) szemlélet teszi lehetővé a pszicho-neuro-endokrin-immun rendszer élettani és kóros működésének megismerését. Az autoimmun kórképek társulásai és az autoimmun poliendokrin szindrómák heterogén betegségcsoportot képeznek, amelyeknek lényege a saját antigénnel szemben csökkent vagy megszűnt tolerancia. A molekuláris genetikai kutatások a szervspecifikusnak nevezett kórképek társulásainak mechanizmusát tárták fel. Az 1-es típusú autoimmun poliendokrin szindróma jellemzője, hogy legalább kettő jelen van a három kardinális betegségből: Addison-kór, autoimmun hypoparathyreosis és mucocutan candidiasis. Ennek a ritka, autoszomális szindrómának az oka az autoimmun regulátor gén (AIRE) mutációja. A 2-es típusú autoimmun poliendokrin szindrómában az Addison-kór, az autoimmun pajzsmirigybetegségek egyike és/vagy 1-es típusú diabetes mellitus társul egymással. A 3-as típusú poliendokrin szindrómát az autoimmun pajzsmirigybetegség, az 1-es típusú diabetes mellitus jellemzi. Az 1-es típusú poliendokrin szindrómától eltérően a 2-es és a 3-as típusúakat egyes HLA-antigének társulásai jellemzik. Az egyes betegségekre hajlamosító genetikai faktorok megismerése lehetővé teszi, hogy jobban megértsük a közös autoimmun mechanizmust, és lehetőséget nyújt a korai kezeléshez és megelőzéshez egyaránt.
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