A T helper 17 (Th17) populáció a CD4 + T-lymphocyták újonnan felfedezett csoportja. Az aktivált Th17 sejtek az őket leginkább jellemző interleukin (IL) -17A mellett számos más proinflammatorikus citokint is termelnek. Az IL-17A epithel- és endothelsejteken, fibroblastokon és a leukocytákon található sejtfelszíni receptorán keresztül további gyulladásos mediátorok felszabadításával és neutrophil granulocyták aktiválásával vesz részt az immunválasz szabályozásában. Az immunreguláció érzékeny egyensúlyának megbomlása gyulladásos és autoimmun betegségekhez vezet. A Th17 sejtek és az általuk termelt citokinek kiemelt szerepét számos humán autoimmun kórképben, köztük a rheumatoid arthritisben is igazolták. Terápiás célpontként való felhasználásuk napjaink immunológiai kutatásainak egyik ígéretes területe.
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