A hajas sejtes leukémia olyan érett B-sejtes non-Hodgkin-lymphoma, amelyet egyedi klinikai, morfológiai és immunfenotípusbeli sajátosságok jellemeznek. A betegséget splenomegalia, progresszív pancytopenia és relatív indolens lefolyás kíséri. A diagnózis megszületése után a klinikai stádiumtól függ, hogy a „watchful waiting” stratégiát választjuk, avagy azonnali kezelés szükséges. Az első vonalban javasolt purin-nukleozid analógokkal (cladribin, pentostatin) akár több évtizedig tartó komplett remisszió is elérhető. A hajas sejtes leukémia néha igen komoly differenciáldiagnosztikai kérdéseket felvető betegség. A pontos diagnózis igen nagy horderejű, hiszen a rokon kórképek prognózisa és kezelése nagymértékben különbözik a hajas sejtes leukémiáétól. Ezért volt kiemelkedő fontosságú az a felismerés, hogy létezik olyan genetikai elváltozás, amely e betegségek elkülönítő diagnózisában döntő értékű. A BRAF gén V600E szomatikus mutációja hajas sejtes leukémiában szenvedő betegek csontvelői mintáiból izolált DNS-ben minden esetben jelen van, míg a rokon kórképekre ezen mutáció hiánya a jellemző. A szerzők a mutáció felismerésének és a mutációvizsgálat alkalmazásának jelentőségét foglalják össze. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 123–127.
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