A glükokortikoidok szabályozzák a szénhidrát- és aminosav-anyagcserét, modulálják az immunrendszer működését és a stresszre adott válaszreakciókat. Elégtelen, illetve fokozott szekréciójuk jellegzetes kórképeket okoz. A szervezet glükokortikoidhormon-ellátottsága mellett az utóbbi évtizedben előtérbe került az adott szövetekben lokálisan képződő glükokortikoidok patofiziológiai szerepének kutatása. A lokális glükokortikoidellátottság egyik kulcsenzime a sejtek endoplazmatikus reticulumában elhelyezkedő 11-β-hidroxi-szteroid-dehidrogenáz enzim 1-es és 2-es típusa, amelyek az inaktív kortizon és az aktív kortizol közötti kétirányú átalakulást katalizálják. Az 1-es típusú enzim elsősorban a kortizon aktiválásában játszik szerepet és főként a májban, gonádokban, zsírszövetben, agyban és csontban a biológiailag aktív kortizol lokális képződéséért felelős. Az enzimet kódoló gén az 1-es kromoszómán található. A szerzők jelen munkájukban összefoglalják a 11-β-hidroxi-szteroid-dehidrogenáz enzim 1-es típusának működésével kapcsolatba hozható klinikai és (kór)élettani folyamatokat. Összefoglalójukban áttekintik az enzimaktivitás gátlásában szerepet játszó genetikai variánsokkal kapcsolatos legfontosabb ismereteket és az enzimaktivitást gátló vegyületekkel szerzett tapasztalatokat. Az eredmények összegzéséből kitűnik, hogy bár ismereteink sok területen még hiányosak, az 1-es típusú enzim működésének és/vagy termelődésének gyógyszeres befolyásolása ígéretes terápiás lehetőséget jelenthet elhízásban, csontritkulásban vagy akár cukorbetegségben szenvedő betegek kezelésében. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 283–293.
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