A mikrobiológiai diagnosztika területén kevés technikai fejlesztés volt az elmúlt évtizedekben, amely olyan rohamos fejlődést hozott volna a baktériumok és gombák fajszintű (speciesszintű) identifikálásában, mint a „matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight” tömegspektrometria. A klinikai mikrobiológiai gyakorlatban ennek jelentősége felbecsülhetetlen, hiszen a kórokozó ismerete jelentősen befolyásolja a terápiás választást még az antimikrobás szerrel szembeni rezisztencia meghatározása előtt. A hagyományos speciesmeghatározás számos, a környezeti hatások által befolyásolt biokémiai reakción alapszik és sok esetben igen időigényes folyamat. A speciális tömegspektrometriás módszer néhány perc alatt elvégzi a kitenyésztett baktérium vagy gomba pontos identifikálását a konzervált riboszomális fehérjék tömegspektrometriás mérése alapján. Emellett a módszer alkalmazásának lehetőségét számos más új területen is kutatják. Így például a pozitív hemokultúrákból történő direkt kórokozó-meghatározás segítségével hamarabb megkezdhető a szeptikus beteg célzott antibiotikumkezelése. Lehetőség van a kórokozó direkt azonosítására pozitív vizeletmintából, esetleg egyébként steril testnedvekből, vagy megkísérelhető szelektív dúsítást követően Salmonella kimutatása székletből. Az izolált baktériumok „extended spectrum beta-lactamase” és karbapenemáztermelésének gyors kimutatása segítheti a terápiás választást. Ez a tömegspektrometriás módszer a közeljövőben a klinikai mikrobiológiai diagnosztika más területein is teret nyerhet, így például használható lehet a dezoxiribonukleinsav és a ribonukleinsav analízisére, gyors komplett rezisztencia meghatározására és más proteomikai alkalmazásokra is. A közlemény rövid áttekintést kíván adni ennek az új technikának a klinikai mikrobiológiai diagnosztikában való jelenlegi alkalmazhatóságáról. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(38), 1495–1503.
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