A Lewy-testes demencia a második leggyakoribb neurodegeneratív demencia. A pontos diagnózisa gyakran csak neuropatológiai vizsgálattal lehetséges. A betegség fő morfológiai jellemzője a kóros α-szinukleinben gazdag Lewy-test és Lewy-neurit – csakúgy, mint a rokon kórkép Parkinson-kór és az ahhoz társuló demencia esetén. A patomechanizmus fontos tényezői a neurotranszmitter rendszerek zavara, a szinaptikus diszfunkció és az ubikvitin-proteaszóma rendszer elégtelen működése. Jellemző a kognitív teljesítmény fluktuációja, parkinsonizmus és vizuális hallucináció. Mivel gyakran nem típusos a klinikai kép és időbeni lefolyás, a képalkotó eljárások és biomarkerek elősegíthetik a korai felismerést. Noha hatékony oki terápia nincs, életminőséget javító kezelések lehetségesek. A klinikopatológiai vizsgálatok kiemelten fontosak a patomechanizmus jobb megértése, a pontos diagnózis és a hatékony terápia érdekében. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(17): 643–652.
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