A Williams–Beuren-szindróma minden etnikumban és nemben azonos gyakorisággal előforduló veleszületett genetikai betegség. Felismerése a mentális retardáció okának tisztázásán kívül azért is fontos, mert cardiovascularis, endokrinológiai, pszichiátriai, urológiai és egyéb betegségek bármely életkorban történő megjelenését okozhatja. A közlemény egy középkorú nő esetét mutatja be, akit gasztroenterológiai kórkép miatt hospitalizáltak. Klinikai észlelése során a típusos megjelenés, mentális retardáció, viselkedésmintázata alapján felmerült a Williams-szindróma gyanúja, amelyet később igazolni sikerült. Tudomásunk szerint ez a nőbeteg most Magyarországon a legidősebb, igazolt Williams-szindrómával élő páciens. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(47): 1883–1888.
Committee on Genetics. American Academy of Pediatrics: Health care supervision for children with Williams syndrome. Pediatrics 2001; 107: 1192–1204.
Urban Z, Helms C, Fekete Gy, et al. 7q11.23 deletion in Williams syndrome arise as a consequence of unequal meiotic crossover. Am J Hum Genet. 1996; 59: 958–962.
Bayés M, Magano LF, Rivera N, et al. Mutation mechanism of Williams–Beuren syndrome deletions. Am J Hum Genet. 2003; 73: 131–151.
Stock AD, Spallone PA, Dennis TR, et al. Heat shock protein 27 gene: chromosomal and molecular location and relationship to Williams syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 2003; 120A: 320–325.
Hinsley TA, Cunliffe P, Tipney HJ, et al. Comparison of TFII-I gene family members deleted in Williams–Beuren syndrome. Protein Sci. 2004; 13: 2588–2599.
Jackson TA, Taylor HE, Sharma D, et al. Vascular endothelian growth factor receptor-2: counter regulation by transcription factors, TFII and TFII-IRD1. J Biol Chem. 2005, 280: 29856–29863.
Morris CA, Mervis CB, Hobart HH, et al. GTF2I hemozygosity implicated in mental retardation in Williams syndrome: genotype-phenotype analysis of five families with deletions in the Williams syndrome region. Am J Med Genet. 2003; 123A: 45–59.
Osborne LR, Campbell T, Daradich A, et al. Identification of a putative transcription factor gene (WBSCR11) that is commonly deleted in Williams–Beuren syndrome. Genomics 1999; 57: 279–284.
Del Campo M, Antonell A, Magano LF, et al. Hemozygosity at the NCF1 gene in patients with Williams–Beuren syndrome decreases their risk of hypertension. Am J Hum Genet. 2006; 78: 533–542.
Frangiskakis JM, Ewart AK, Morris CA, et al. LIM-kinase 1 hemizygosity implicated in impaired visuospatial constructive cognition. Cell 1996; 86: 59–69.
Morris CA, Mervis CB. Williams syndrome and related disorders. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2000; 1: 461–484.
Ewart AK, Morris CA, Ensing GJ, et al. A human vascular disorder, supravalvular aorta stenosis, maps to chromosome 7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993; 90: 3226–3230.
Urbán Zs, Kiss E, Kádár K, et al. Genetic diagnosis of Williams syndrome. [A Williams-szindróma genetikai diagnózisa.] Orv Hetil. 1997; 138: 1749–1752. [Hungarian]
Urban Z, Csiszar K, Fekete Gy, et al. A tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism within the human elastin gene (ELNi1). Clin Genet. 1997; 51: 133–134.
Grimm T, Wesselhoeft H. Zur Genetik des Williams–Beuren-Syndroms und der isolierten Form der supravalvuläeren Aortenstenose (Untersuchungen von 128 Familien). Z Kardiol. 1980; 69: 168–172.
Morris CA, Demsey SA, Leonard CO, et al. Natural history of Williams syndrome: physical characteristics. J Paediatr. 1988; 113: 318–326.
Collins RT 2nd, Kaplan P, Somes GW, et al. Long-term outcomes of patients with cardiovascular abnormalities and Williams syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2010; 105: 874–878.
Collins RT 2nd. Cardiovascular disease in Williams syndrome. Circulation 2013; 127: 2125–2134.
Pham PP, Moller JH, Hills C, et al. Cardiac catheterization and operative outcomes from a multicenter consortium for children with Williams syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol. 2009; 30: 9–14.
Bird LM, Billman GF, Lacro RV, et al. Sudden death in Williams syndrome: report of ten cases. J Pediatr. 1996; 129: 926–931.
Collins RT 2nd, Aziz PF, Gleason MM, et al. Abnormalities of cardiac repolarization in Williams syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2010; 106: 1029–1033.
Horowitz PE, Akhtar S, Wulff JA, et al. Coronary artery disease and anesthesia-related death in children with Williams syndrome. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2002; 16: 739–741.
Ardinger RH Jr., Goetz KK, Mattioli LF. Cerebrovascular stenoses with cerebral infarction in a child with Williams syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 1994; 51: 200–202.
Soper R, Chaloupka JC, Fayad PB, et al. Ischemic stroke and intracranial multifocal cerebral arteriopathy in Williams syndrome. J Paediatr. 1995; 126: 945–948.
Pober BR. Williams–Beuren syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362: 239–252.
Pober BR, Lacro RV, Rice C, et al. Renal findings in 40 individuals with Williams syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 1993; 46: 271–274.
Kaplan P, Kirschner M, Watters G, et al. Contractures in patients with Williams syndrome. Pediatrics 1989; 84: 895–899.
Greer MK, Brown FR 3rd, Pai GS, et al. Cognitive, adaptive and behavioural characteristics of Williams syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 1997; 74: 521–525.
Davies M, Howlin P, Udwin O. Independence and adaptive behaviour in adults with Williams syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 1997; 70: 188–195.
Urbán Zs, Fekete Gy, Urbán E, et al. Williams’syndrome: cognitive profile and possibilities of development. [Williams-szindróma: kognitív profil és fejlesztési lehetőségek.] Gyógypedagógiai Szemle 1997; 25: 81–87. [Hungarian]
Dykens EM. Anxiety, fears and phobias in persons with Williams syndrome. Dev Neuropsychol. 2003; 23: 291–316.
Klein-Tasman BP, Mervis CB. Distinctive personality characteristics of 8-, 9-, and 10-year-olds with Williams syndrome. Dev Neuropsychol. 2003; 23: 269–290.
Williams Syndrome Guideline Development Group: Management of Williams Syndrome. A Clinical Guideline. Available from: http://www.williams-syndrome.org.uk