A veseátültetés utáni hosszú távú túlélést befolyásoló tényezők egyike az antitestmediált rejekció (ABMR). A szerzők áttekintést nyújtanak az ABMR jelenleg ismert diagnosztikai és kezelési hátteréről. A Debreceni és a Pécsi Egyetem transzplantációs központjainak együttműködése alapján áttekintik a 2013 és 2017 közötti időszakban végzett veseátültetések után kialakult korai ABMR-eseteket és a releváns közleményeket. A két központban összesen 454 veseátültetés történt. ABMR-diagnózist összesen 18 esetben állítottunk fel (4%). Minden esetben perkután biopszia történt. A betegek közül 22% volt primer, 78% retranszplantált eset. Az átlagéletkor 51,2 ± 6 év volt. A veseátültetés után az ABMR diagnózisáig eltelt idő 15,4 ± 22,1 hónap volt. A C4d-pozitivitást 7 esetben sikerült igazolni, ami az összes ABMR-eset 39%-a. Összesen 16 betegnél történt szteroidbolus + intravénás immunglobulin (IVIG) + plazmaferézis (PF) kezelés, a 6 debreceni beteg közül 5 kapott ezenfelül rituximabot és 1 alemtuzumabot. 9 (47,4%) beteg él működő beültetett vesével, 4 beteg meghalt (21%), és 5 került vissza művesekezelésre graftvesztés miatt (31%). Az ABMR veszélyes szövődmény a veseátültetés után. A diagnosztikus kritériumok sokáig változtak. A gold standard a szövettan. A C4d-esetekben is lehet akcelerált ABMR. A retranszplantáción átesett fiatalabb, preformált donorspecifikus antitesttel (DSA) jelentkező betegek és azok, akik EC-donorból kapnak vesét, kockázati csoportot jelentenek. A de novo DSA megjelenése, az átlagos fluoreszcenciaintenzitás (MFI) kinetikája lehet az a pont, amely felhívja a figyelmet az akut ABMR veszélyére. A rituximab hatékonyságát megkérdőjelezik, az új gyógyszerekkel (belatacept, bortezomib vagy ekulizumab) még nincs elég tapasztalat, vagy rendkívül drágák. Saját anyagunkban a 40% feletti gyógyulási arány kiemelkedően jó eredmény. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(46): 1913–1929.
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