Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A SARS-CoV-2-világjárvány idején a középiskolai oktatás távoktatás formájában zajlott világszerte, így Magyarországon is. A csökkent fizikai aktivitás és az inaktív viselkedésmódok növekedése az elhízás, a cukorbetegség és a szív- és érrendszeri betegségek fokozott kockázatához vezet. Célkitűzés: Vizsgálatunk a fizikai aktivitás (aerob testmozgás, izomerősítés, csapatsportok) és az egészségi állapot szubjektív megítélésének változásaira irányult serdülőknél és fiatal felnőtteknél a világjárvány alatt. Módszer: Középiskolás diákokat kérdeztünk meg 37 magyarországi város 66 állami iskolájában (n = 2508). A fizikai aktivitásra és az egészségi állapot szubjektív megítélésére vonatkozó kérdőíves tételeket a WHO Health Behaviour of School-aged Children Survey és a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey felméréséből vettük át. 2 × 2 × 4 faktoriális ANCOVA-t használtunk a nem és/vagy az életkor, illetve a régiók hatásának tesztelése céljából a fizikai aktivitás és az egészségi állapot szubjektív megítélésének változásaira, a távoktatási időszak előtt és alatt. Eredmények: A középiskolás diákok többsége kevesebb fizikai aktivitást jelzett, a fizikai aktivitás gyakoriságának csökkenése volt jellemző a távoktatás időszakában. Átlagosan heti 2–3 nappal kevesebbszer végeztek fizikai aktivitást régiótól függetlenül. Közel egynegyedük az egészségi állapotát rosszabbnak minősítette a távoktatás alatt, mint előtte. Az egészségi állapot szubjektív csökkenéséről nagyobb arányban számoltak be azok, akik a fizikai aktivitásukban is csökkenést jeleztek. Következtetés: A távoktatás időszakában tapasztalható csökkenés a fizikai aktivitás gyakoriságában együtt jár az egészségi állapot szubjektív megítélésének csökkenésével, különösen a lányok, a vidéken élők és a serdülő korú személyek körében. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(17): 655–662.
Summary. Introduction: High school education took place in the form of distance learning during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic worldwide, including Hungary. Decreased physical activity and an increase in inactive behaviours may lead to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Objective: Our study focused on changes in physical activity (aerobic exercise, muscle strengthening, team sports) and subjective perceptions of health status in adolescents and young adults during the pandemic. Method: High school students in 66 public schools in 37 cities in Hungary (n = 2508) were surveyed. Questionnaire items on physical activity and subjective perceptions of health were adapted from the WHO Health Behaviour of School-aged Children Survey and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey. 2 × 2 × 4 factorial ANCOVA was used to test the effect of gender and/or age and region on changes in subjective perceptions of physical activity and health before and during distance education. Results: The majority of the high school students reported a decrease in physical activity frequency during the distance learning period, with an average of 2–3 fewer days of physical activity per week regardless of region. Nearly a quarter of them rated their health as worse during distance learning than before. A higher proportion of those who reported a subjective decline in health also reported a decline in physical activity. Conclusion: A decline in physical activity during the period of distance learning is associated with a decline in subjective perceptions of health, especially among rural adolescent girls. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(17): 655–662.
Government Decree 484/2020 (10 November) on the second phase of protective measures applicable during the period of state of danger. Ministry of Justice, Hungary. Available from: http://jogszabalykereso.mhk.hu/translated/doc/J2020R0484K_20210320_FIN.pdf [accessed: October 24, 2021].
Educational Authority. Digital education outside the classroom. Budapest, 10 November, 2020. [A tantermen kívüli, digitális munkarendről.] Available from: https://www.oktatas.hu/kozneveles/aktualis_tanev_esemenyei/covid19/tantermen_kivuli_digitalis_munkarendrol [accessed: October 24, 2021]. [Hungarian]
Rossi L, Behme N, Breuer C. Physical activity of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18: 11440.
Tremblay MS, LeBlanc AG, Kho ME, et al. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011; 8: 98.
King DL, Delfabbro PH, Billieux J, et al. Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic. J Behav Addict. 2020; 9: 184–186.
Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD, et al. Terminology Consensus Project Participants. Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) – Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017; 14: 75.
Carson V, Hunter S, Kuzik N, et al. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: an update. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016; 41(6 Suppl 3): S240–S265.
Poitras VJ, Gray CE, Borghese MM, et al. Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016; 41(6 Suppl 3): S197–S239.
Saunders TJ, Gray CE, Poitras VJ, et al. Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: relationships with health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016; 41(6 Suppl 3): S283–S293.
King AJ, Burke LM, Halson SL, et al. The challenge of maintaining metabolic health during a global pandemic. Sports Med. 2020; 50: 1233–1241.
Guerrero MD, Vanderloo LM, Rhodes RE, et al. Canadian children’s and youth’s adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic: a decision tree analysis. J Sport Health Sci. 2020; 9: 313–321.
Moore SA, Faulkner G, Rhodes RE, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: a national survey. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020; 17: 85.
Xiang M, Zhang Z, Kuwahara K. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents’ lifestyle behavior larger than expected. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020; 63: 531–532.
Pietrobelli A, Pecoraro L, Ferruzzi A, et al. Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors in children with obesity living in Verona, Italy: a longitudinal study. Obesity 2020; 28: 1382–1385.
Zenic N, Taiar R, Gilic B, et al. Levels and changes of physical activity in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: contextualizing urban vs. rural living environment. Appl Sci. 2020; 10: 3997.
López-Bueno R, López-Sánchez GF, Casajús, JA, et al. Health-related behaviors among school-aged children and adolescents during the Spanish Covid-19 confinement. Front Pediatr. 2020; 8: 573.
Ács P, Prémusz V, Morvay-Sey K, et al. Effects of COVID-19 on physical activity behavior among university students: results of a Hungarian online survey. Health Prob Civil. 2020; 14: 174– 182.
Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children. 2005/06 Survey: International Standard Mandatory Questionnaire. Available from: https://filer.uib.no/psyfa/HEMIL-senteret/HBSC/2006_Mandatory_Questionnaire.pdf [accessed: October 20, 2020].
Grunbaum JA, Kann L, Kinchen S, et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance – United States, 2003. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2004 May 21;53(2):1-96. Erratum in: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 Jun 25;53(24):536. Erratum in: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 Jun 24;54(24):608. PMID: 15152182.
Batista M, Lercas A, Santos J, at al. Practice motivation and life satisfaction of athletes of team sports: comparative study between adapted and regular sport. J Hum Sport Exerc. 2019; 14(Proc1): S20–S29.
World Health Organization. Stay physically active during self-quarantine. WHO, Copenhagen, 2019. Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/publications-and-technical-guidance/noncommunicable-diseases/stay-physically-active-during-self-quarantine [accessed: December 19, 2020].
Leyton-Román M, de la Vega R, Jiménez-Castuera R. Motivation and commitment to sports practice during the lockdown caused by Covid-19. Front Psychol. 2020; 11: 622595.
Chan JS, Liu G, Liang D, et al. Special issue – therapeutic benefits of physical activity for mood: a systematic review on the effects of exercise intensity, duration, and modality. J Psychol. 2019; 153: 102–125.
Stockwell S, Trott M, Tully M, et al. Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2021; 7: e000960.
Di Corrado D, Magnano P, Muzii B, et al. Effects of social distancing on psychological state and physical activity routines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sport Sci Health 2020; 16: 619–624.
Elran-Barak R, Mozeikov M. One month into the reinforcement of social distancing due to the COVID-19 outbreak: subjective health, health behaviors, and loneliness among people with chronic medical conditions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17: 5403.
Mutrie N, Woods CB. How can we get people to be more active? A problem waiting to be solved. In: McKenna J, Riddoch C. (eds.) Perspectives on health and exercise. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2003; pp. 129–152.
Jiao WY, Wang LN, Liu J, et al. Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic. J Pediatr. 2020; 221: 264–266.e1.
Gallè F, Sabella EA, Da Molin G, et al. Understanding knowledge and behaviors related to CoViD–19 epidemic in Italian undergraduate students: the EPICO study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17: 3481.
Tremblay MS, LeBlanc AG, Kho ME, et al. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011; 8: 98.
Cunningham C, O’Sullivan R, Caserotti P, et al. Consequences of physical inactivity in older adults: a systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30: 816–827.