A szisztémás lupus erythematosus (SLE) egy szisztémás autoimmun betegség, amelyben patológiás immunkomplexek és sokféle specificitású autoantitestek vannak jelen. A B-sejtekből differenciálódó plazmasejtek által termelt, kimutatható patológiás autoantitestek jelentős szereppel bírnak a klinikai diagnosztikában, a klasszifikációban és a differenciáldiagnosztikában, valamint hasznosak a kórkép aktivitásának megítélésében a betegkövetés során. Az autoantitest-vizsgálat fontos a várható szervi érintettségek rizikóbecslésében és alapvető a különböző kockázattal bíró alcsoportok elkülönítéséhez. A megfelelő terápia beállításához szükséges az aktivitás szervenkénti felmérése, valamint a már kialakult károsodások tisztázása, illetve a fenyegető események kockázatának mérlegelése, azok megelőzése. Az SLE-s betegcsoporton belüli gyakoribb prognosztikus alcsoportok kialakításában az anti-Sm- és antifoszfolipid-antitesteknek van a legfontosabb szerepük. A ritkábban előforduló autoantitestek észlelésekor felmerülő szervi érintettség kockázata alapján a kezelés és a követés során végzendő ellenőrző vizsgálatok is változhatnak. Jelen összefoglalónkban az SLE-ben előforduló autoantitestek diagnosztikai és prognosztikai jelentőségét elemezzük. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(43): 1695–1703.
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