Világszerte egyre több pár keres fel meddőség miatt asszisztált reprodukciós központot. Vitatott kérdés, hogy a kivizsgálás és a kezelés során szükséges-e a sperma rutinszerű bakteriológiai szűrése. Az ondó a mintanyerés higiéniai szabályainak betartása mellett is gyakran tartalmaz baktériumokat. Egyre több tanulmány foglalkozik a sperma mikrobiomjának vizsgálatával. Bacteriospermia nemcsak fertőzés, hanem kontamináció vagy kolonizáció folytán is kialakulhat. A panaszokat okozó fertőzéseket vagy szexuális úton terjedő betegségeket kezelni kell, de megoszlanak a vélemények a tünetmentes pozitív tenyésztési leletek jelentőségéről. Számos kutatás szerint lehet oki szerepe a húgyúti fertőzéseknek a férfimeddőség kialakulásában, és az ondó minőségét ronthatja az emelkedett baktérium- vagy fehérvérsejtszám. Ellentmondók azonban az eredmények a bacteriospermia és a leukocytospermia kezelésének a spermaképre gyakorolt hatásáról. A mikrobákkal szennyezett sperma megfertőzheti a létrejövő embriókat is, és ezzel veszélyeztetheti a kezelés sikerességét. Ezzel szemben a legtöbb tanulmány nem talált szignifikáns különbséget az in vitro fertilizációs kezelés eredményességében bacteriospermia jelenlétében vagy hiányában. Ez magyarázható a sperma-előkészítési technikákkal, a tenyésztőoldatok antibiotikumtartalmával és az intracitoplazmatikus spermiuminjekció módszerének használatával. Így megkérdőjelezhető a kezelés során rutinszerűen végzett ondótenyésztés szükségessége és a tünetmentes bacteriospermia kezelése. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(17): 660–666.
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