A hepatitis C-vírus (HCV) az egyik leggyakoribb oka a krónikus májbetegségnek, amely cirrhosishoz, hepatocellularis carcinomához, májtranszplantációhoz vezethet. A nagy hatékonyságú, direkt ható antivirális szerek bevezetése és sikere a HCV terápiájában optimizmust keltett a vírus globális eradikációjának lehetőségét tekintve. Az Egészségügyi Világszervezet célul tűzte ki az új vírushepatitis-esetek számának 90%-os csökkentését 2030-ra. Kiderült azonban, hogy a HCV-fertőzöttek nagy száma, a szűrések elégtelensége és a kezelésekhez való hozzáférés problémái miatt ez a cél egyedül az antivirális terápiával nem érhető el, csak ha az vakcinációval társul. A dolgozat áttekinti a HCV-infekció virológiai és immunológiai jellemzőit mint a vakcináció alapját és lehetőségét. Tárgyaljuk a potenciális vakcinák típusait és a hatékonyság értékelésére szolgáló eljárásokat. Az egészséges önkénteseken kipróbált kontrollált humán infekció modell HCV-infekcióban a direkt ható antivirális szereknek köszönhetően alkalmazható. Az újabb kutatási eredmények alapján várható, hogy az évtized végére megoldódhat a HCV-elimináció korának kihívása, a vakcináció. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(9): 322–331.
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