Kahlbaum KL. The catatonia or tension insanity. [Die Katatonie oder das Spannungsirresein, eine klinische Form psychischer Krankheit.] Hirschwald, Berlin, 1874. [German]
Hecker E. The hebephrenia. [Die Hebephrenie.] Archiv Pathol Anat. 1871; 52: 394–429. [German]
Kahlbaum KL. Grouping of psychiatric illnesses and distribution of mental disorders. [Die Gruppierung der psychischen Krankheiten und die Einteilung der Seelenstörung.] A W. Kafeman, Dancig, 1863. [German]
Kraepelin E. Hundred years of psychiatry. [Hundert Jahre Psychiatrie.] Julius Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1918. [German]
Berrios GE. The history of mental symptoms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1996.
Gazdag G, Takács R, Ungvari GS. Jenő Konrád published the first description of catatonia in the Hungarian scientific literature in 1881–1882. [Konrád Jenő adta a catatonia első, magyar nyelvű, tudományos igényű leírását 1881/82-ben.] Orv Hetil. 2020; 161: 1891–1894. [Hungarian]
Arndt, E. About the history of catatonia. [Über die Geschichte der Katatonie.] Zbl Nervenheilk Psychiat. 1902; 25: 81–121. [German]
Gelenberg AJ. The catatonic syndrome. Lancet 1976; 307(7973): 1339–1341.
Abrams R, Taylor MA. Catatonia: a prospective clinical study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976; 33: 579–581.
Fink M, Taylor MA. Catatonia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2003.
Sienaert P, Rooseleer J, De Fruyt J. Measuring catatonia: a systematic review of rating scales. J Affect Disord. 2011; 135: 1–9.
Ungvari GS, Caroff SN, Csihi L, et al. Catatonia: “Fluctuat nec mergitur”. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13: 131–137.
American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5 Task Force. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5™. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc., Washington, DC, 2013.
World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. Available from: https://icd.who.int/en [accessed: November 10, 2023].