This article enfolds a rapid and sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the estimation of four triterpenoids, namely, betulin (BU), betulinic acid (BA), lupeol (LU), and oleanolic acid (OA), from the bark, roots, and leaves of Betula utilis D. Don, an endangered Himalayan tree. All the four phytoconstituents have high therapeutic value. Separation was performed on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) aluminum plates precoated with silica 60 F254 (20 × 20 cm) followed by detection of betulin, lupeol, and oleanolic acid carried out by derivatizing the plate with ceric ammonium sulfate followed by heating at 110°C for 5 min. For betulinic acid, the plate was dried and visualized after spraying with Liebermann‒Burchard reagent. CAMAG TLC Scanner 4 equipped with winCATS software was used for densitometric scanning at 500–550 nm. The proposed technique was further validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, and sensitivity as per the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. A good linear relationship was obtained for the calibration plots with r2 = 0.9994, 0.9995, 0.9969, and 0.9998 for betulin, lupeol, oleanolic acid, and betulinic acid, respectively. Accuracy of the method was checked by recovery study conducted at three different levels with the average recovery between 98.9% and 99.3% for all the four markers.
J. Gershenzon , W. Kreis, in: M. Wink (ed.), Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolites, Annual Plant Review, Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, 1999, pp. 222–299.
P.K. Mukherjee , Quality Control of Herbal Drugs: An Approach to Evaluation of Botanicals, Business Horizons Publication, New Delhi, 2002.
R. Hänsel , O. Sticher, Pharmakognosie ‒ Phytopharmazie, Springer Medizin Verlag, Heidelberg, 2010, pp. 833–863.
M. Gleńsk , E. Czapińska, M. Woźniak, I. Ceremuga, M. Włodarczyk, G. Terlecki, P. Ziółkowski, E. Seweryn, Nutr. Cancer 69 (2017) 643–651.
V.K. Bisht , J.S. Negi, A.K. Bhandari, R.C. Sundriyal, Int. J. Cancer 7 (2011) 192–208.
T. Mishra , R.K. Arya, S. Meena, P. Joshi, M. Pal, B. Meena, D.K. Upreti, T.S. Rana, D. Datt, PloS ONE 11 (2016) e0159430.
S. Rastogi , M.M. Pandey, A.K. Rawat, J. Ethnopharmacol. 159 (2015) 62–83.
M. Pal , T. Mishra, A. Kumar, A.D. Baleshwar, T. Upreti, T. Rana, J. Essent. Oil Bear. Pl. 18 (2015) 1078–1082.
X.W. Cao , J. Li, S.B. Chen, X.B. Li, P.G. Xiao, S.L. Chen, D.J. Yang, J. Sep. Sci. 33 (2010) 1587–1594.
Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation, US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Rockville, MD, 2001, pp. 1–27.
C.F. Qiao , Q.B. Han, J.Z. Song, S.F. Mo, L.D. Kong, H.F. Kung, H.X. Xu, J. Sep. Sci. 30 (2007) 813–818.
P. Wang , L. Li, H. Yang, S. Cheng, Y. Zeng, L. Nie, H. Zang, JPA 2 (2012) 422–430.
S. Anandjiwala , H. Srinivasa, M. Rajani, Chromatographia 66 (2007) 725–734.
G.S. Qian , Q. Wang, K.S. Leung, Y. Qin, Z. Zhao, Z.H. Jiang, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 44 (2007) 812–817.
I. Khan , P.L. Sangwan, J.K. Dhar, S. Koul, J. Sep. Sci. 35 (2012) 392–399.
S. Agatonovic-Kustrin , C.M. Loescher, Anal. Chim. Acta 798 (2013) 103–108.
N. Pandey , A. Kumar, A. Niranjan, A. Lehri, B. Meena, T.S. Rana, S.K. Tewari, D.K. Upreti, Int. J. Phytomed. Relat. Ind. 8 (2016) 33–39.