Journal of Flow Chemistry
Volume/Issue:
Volume 5: Issue 3
The preparation of ethyl levulinate facilitated by flow processing: The catalyzed and uncatalyzed esterification of levulinic acid
Authors:
Meghan P. Negus University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States

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Andrew C. Mansfield Vapourtec Ltd., Bury St. Edmunds IP28 6TS, United Kingdom

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Nicholas E. Leadbeater University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
University of Connecticut Health Center, The Exchange, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, United States

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Pages:
148–150
Online Publication Date:
Sep 2015
Publication Date:
01 Sep 2015
Article Category:
Rapid Communication
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1556/1846.2015.00005
Keywords:
esterification; high pressure; biomass
Restricted access

The catalyzed and uncatalyzed preparation of ethyl levulinate from levulinic acid and ethanol is presented. In the case of acid-catalyzed reactions, conditions were optimized in batch using microwave heating and then scaled-up using continuousflow processing. Both p-toluenesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid were used as catalysts, the latter proving most amenable. For the uncatalyzed reactions, all reactions were performed under continuous-flow conditions, using apparatus capable of operating at high temperature and pressure. Optimal conditions for the uncatalyzed process required heating a 3.6-M solution of levulinic acid in ethanol at 270 °C with a residence time of 30 min.

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Cover Journal of Flow Chemistry
Journal of Flow Chemistry A Journal of the Flow Chemistry Society
Print ISSN:
2062-249X
Online ISSN:
2063-0212

To see the editorial board, please visit the website of Springer Nature.

Manuscript Submission: HERE

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Journal of Flow Chemistry
Language English
Size A4
Year of
Foundation		 2011
Volumes
per Year		 1
Issues
per Year		 4
Founder Áramlásos Kémiai Tudományos Társaság
Founder's
Address		 H-1031 Budapest, Hungary Záhony utca 7.
Publisher Akadémiai Kiadó
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Publisher's
Address		 H-1117 Budapest, Hungary 1516 Budapest, PO Box 245.
CH-6330 Cham, Switzerland Gewerbestrasse 11
Responsible
Publisher		 Chief Executive Officer, Akadémiai Kiadó
ISSN 2062-249X (Print)
ISSN 2063-0212 (Online)

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