Various countries and states have established telephone counselling lines for people with pathological or problem gambling. Data from such services may contribute to describing systematically the nature of gambling problems in a particular area. To date, however, few data have been published on such a telephone counselling line in a low or middle income country.
Data on calls to the telephone counselling line of the National Responsible Gambling Foundation of South Africa were captured over a 6-month period. Such data include socio-demographic variables, the primary reason for calling, the source of the referral, preferred method of gambling, impairment as a consequence of gambling, and history of treatment for psychiatric disorders, comorbid alcohol abuse and illicit drug use.
Calls were received from a broad range of people; the mean age of callers was 37 years, the majority were male (62%) and many were married (45%). Primary reasons for calling included the feeling of being unable to stop gambling without the help of a professional (41%), financial concerns (32%), legal problems (13%), pressure from family (10%), and suicidal thoughts (2%). The majority of callers contacted the counselling line after having heard about it by word of mouth (70%). The most common forms of gambling were slot machines (51%) and casino games (21%). Fourteen percent of callers reported having received help for other psychiatric disorders, 11% reported alcohol use disorders and 6% illicit drug use.
These data from South Africa are consistent with prior research indicating that pathological and problem gambling are seen in a range of socio-demographic groups, and that such behaviour is associated with significant morbidity and comorbidity. More work is needed locally to inform younger gamblers, gamblers using the informal gambling sector, and unemployed gamblers of the existing telephone counselling lines.
P. E. Abait J. O. Folino 2008 Gamblers seeking for help Vertex 19 82 325 333.
American Psychiatric Association. 2000 Task force on DSM-IV Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR.
American Psychiatric Association. 2013 DSM-5 development: pathological gambling.
D. T. Barry M. N. Potenza M. A. Steinberg R. Wu 2008 Characteristics of black and white callers to a gambling help-line Psychiatric Services 59 11 1347 1350.
B. Bruwer K. Sorsdahl J. Harrison D. J. Stein D. Williams S. Seedat 2011 Barriers to mental health care and predictors of treatment dropout in the South African Stress and Health Study Psychiatric Services 62 7 774 781.
P. Collins D. J. Stein A. Pretorius H. Sinclair D. Ross G. Barr A. Hofmeyr C. Shap D. Spurrett J. Rousseau G. Ainslie A. Dellis H. Kincaid N. Bak 2011 Addressing problem gambling: The National Responsible Gambling Programme South-African Medical Journal 101 10 722 723.
R. M. Cunningham-Williams C. R. Cloninger R. A. Grucza S. B. Womack S. J. Books T. R. Przybeck 2005 Prevalence and predictors of results from the St. Louis personality health and lifestyle study Journal of Psychiatric Research 39 4 377 396.
J. E. Grant M. Potenza 2007 Commentary: Illegal behavior and pathological gambling Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry and Law 35 302 305.
M. D. Griffiths A. Scarfe P. Bellringer 1999 The UK national telephone gambling helpline: Results on the first year of operation Journal of Gambling Studies 15 83 90.
S. Joe D. J. Stein S. Seedat A. Herman D. R. Williams 2008 Non-fatal suicidal behavior among South Africans: Results from the South Africa Stress and Health Study Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 43 6 454 461.
D. M. Ledgerwood M. A. Steinberg R. Wu M. N. Potenza 2005 Self-reported gambling-related suicidality among gambling helpline callers Psychology of Addictive Behaviours 19 175 183.
M. N. Potenza M. A. Steinberg S. D. McLaughlin B. J. Rounsaville S. S. O'Malley 2000 Illegal behaviors in problem gambling: Analysis of data from a gambling help-line Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 28 389 403.
J. Pulford M. Bellringer M. Abbott D. Clarke D. Hodgins J. Williams 2009 Reasons for seeking help for a gambling problem: The experiences of gamblers who have sought specialist assistance and the perceptions of those who have not Journal of Gambling Studies 25 1 19 32.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, 1st Quarter 2012, Statistics South-Africa, available on www.Statssa.gov.za/qlfs/index.asp.
South African National Gambling Board, National Statistics. 2010 Summary of basic data from the National Urban Prevalence Study of Gambling Behaviour.
S. G. Sullivan M. Abbott B. McAvoy B. Arroll 1994 Pathological gamblers — Will they use a new telephone hotline? New Zealand Medical Journal 107 983 313 315.
J. Weinstock S. Burton C. J. Rash S. Moran W. Biller N. Krudelbach 2011 Predictors of engaging in problem gambling treatment: Data from the West Virginia problem gamblers help network Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 25 2 372 379.